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Kesejahteraan Sosial dan Pekerjaan Sosial
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In Social work, empowering people is process of helping individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities increase their personal, interpersonal, socioeconomic, and political strength and influence through improving their circumstances. (Zastrow, 2010)
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Social workers seek to develop the capacity of clients to understand their environment, make choices, take responsibility for their choices, and influence their life situations through organization and advocacy.
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Social workers also seek to gain a more equitable distribution of resources and power among different groups in society.
This focus on equity and social justice has been a hallmark of the social work profession (Zastrow, 2010)
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Ini adalah ‘bisnis’ kesejahteraan sosial
• Menyediakan rumah bagi anak terlantar• Merehabilitasi orang yang ketergantungan narkotika• Mengatasi kesulitan-kesulitan emosional• Membuat hidup lebih bermakna bagi lansia• Menyediakan pelayanan rehabilitasi vokasional bagi
tuna fisik dan mental• Mempertemukan kebutuhan finasial masyarakat
miskin• Merehabilitasi anak-anak nakal dan orang-orang yang
berurusan dengan tindakan kriminal
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• Mengakhiri seua jenis diskriminasi dan tekanan.• Menyediakan pelayanan anak-anak bagi orang tua
yang bekerja di luar rumah• Mencegah timbulnya kekerasan keluarga,
kekerasan terhadap anak, dan kekerasan oleh pasangan
• Memenuhi kebutuhan kesehatan dan hak hukum bagi mereka yang kesulitan keuangan
• Membimbing individu-individu dan kelompok yang mengalami beragam kesulitan personal dan sosial
• Menyediakan pelayanan bagi orang dengan AIDS dan keluarganya dan teman-temannya
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• Meyediakan pelayanan rekreasional dan leisure-time bagi semua kelompok umur
• Mendidik dan menyediakan pengalaman sosialisasi bagi anak-anak yang keterbatasan mental atau gangguan emosional
• Menyediakan pelayanan bagi keluarga korban bencana
• Menyediakan perumahan yang layak bagi tuna wisma
• Menyediakan program-program yang mendukung dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan normal semua anak-anak dan orang dewasa
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• Menyediakan pelatihan vokasional dan peluang pekerjaan bagi tenaga kerja kurang terlatih dan pengangguran
• Mempertemukan kebutuhan khusus bagi pekerja migran dan kelompok minoritas
• Memberdayakan individu-individu, keluarga-keluarga, organisasi, dan komunitas untuk memperbaiki lingkungan sekitarnya
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Social Welfare as an Institution
A nation’s system of programs, benefits, and services that helps people those social, economic, educational, and health needs that are fundamental to the maintenance of society
(Barker, 2003)
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Social Welfare as a Discipline
“the study of agencies, programs, personel, and policies which focus on the delivery of social services to individuals, groups, and communities”
(The American Heritage Dictionary, 2003)
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Fokus Ilmu Social Welfare dengan Disiplin Akademik LainnyaSociology: kajian tentang perilaku sosial manusia, khususnya asal
mula, organisasi, lembaga, dan perkembangan masyarakat manusia.
Psychology: kajian tentang proses-proses mental dan perilakunyaPsychiatry: mengkaji diagnosa, treatment, dan pencegahan
penyakit mentalPolitical science: mengkaji proses, prinsip-prinsip dan struktur
pemerintahan dan kelembagaan politik.Economic: kajian tentang produksi, distribusi, konsumsi
komoditasCultural anthropology: mengkaji budaya manusia berdasarkan
arkeologis, etnografis, bahasa, sosial dan data psikologis dan metode analisis.
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Fokus Ilmu Social Welfare
“...when the theories and research have direct application to the goal of enhancing the social functioning of people, such knowledge can also be considered part of the knowledge base of social welfare” (Zastrow,p.4, 2010)
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Cultural Anthropology
EconomicsPsychiatry
Political Science
Sociology
Psychology
Social Welfare
Overlap of knowledge Base of Social Welfare with Other Discipline
Zastrow, 2010
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Psychiatrists
Urban Planners
Physicians
TeachersRecreational
therapists
Attorneys
Nurses
Psychologists
Social Welfare
Examples of Professional Group within the Field of Social Welfare
Social workers
Zastrow, 2010
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Social Work is ...
Social work is the professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities to enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and to create societal conditons favorable to their goals (NASW)
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Social Work Practice...
Social work practice consist of the professional application of social work values, principles, and techniques to one or more of the following ends: helping people obtain tangible services; providing counseling and psychotherapy for individuals, families, and groups; helping communities or groups provide or improve social and health services; and participating in relevant legislative processes
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The Practice of Social Work requires...
The Practice of Social work requires knowledge of human development and behavior; of social economic, and cultural institutions; and of the interaction of all these factors
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Social Worker as...
Graduates of school of social work (with either bachelor’s or master degrees), who use their knowledge and skills to provide social services for clients (who may be individuals, families, groups, communities, organizations, or society in general).
Social workers help people increase their capacities for problem solving and coping and help them obtain needed resources, fascilitate interactions between individuals and between individuals and between people and their environments, make organizations responsible to people, and social policies
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Hubungan Social Welfare dgnHuman Services
Alfred Khan membagi pelayanan manusia ke dalam 4 kategori:A. Personal servicesB. Protection servicesC. Information/advising servicesD. Maitenance services
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Social Welfare vs Human Services
Social welfare is limited term because it focuses on conceptualizing and resolving social programs
Human services is broader term because it includes services that usually non considered social welafar services
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Pandangan residual vs intitusional tentang Social Welfare
Residual:Pelayanan kesejahteraan sosial hanya diberikan ketika institusi kemasyarakatan (keluarga dan ekonomi pasar) gagal memenuhi kebutuhan
Institutional:Program2 kesejahteraan
sosial harus ada/diterima, sebagai fungsi legitimate dari masyarakat industri modern dalam membantu individu memenuhi kebutuhannya
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