Wireless Cellular Technologies & Introduction to NGN

Ganesh Mali

9/23/2013 1

GSM,CDMA are major implementation worldwide of cellular networks and there are some customized versions implementations of these used in China & Japan mainly. 2G technologies were majorly focused circuit switched voice, SMS & low speed data. It used in core SS7 (Signaling System 7 ) and in access GSM /CDMA radio access. GSM is widely implemented compared to CDMA worldwide, there are many reasons for it. Some are : CDMA Proprietary technology by Qualcomm, was not user friendly in initial phase. India has both the cellular technologies offered by communication providers. Frequency band used : 800,900,1800,1900 Mhz

2G Generation Cellular Technologies

9/23/2013 2

GSM/CDMA Architecture

9/23/2013 3

GSM was enhanced for somewhat higher speed of data communications with introduction of packet switched data technology in GSM network architecture.

Many people call it as 2.5G/2.75G which were giving download speed up to 256 to 386 Kbps.

Technologies used were GPRS & EDGE in GSM & in CDMA 1X CDMA

These use the same GSM/CDMA frequency band in optimized way for data.

Protocol used : TCP/IP & RADIUS

2.5 G Generation technologies

9/23/2013 4

GPRS& EDGE architecture

9/23/2013 5

IMT 2000 are recommendations by ITU-T for defining 3G :

“It is expected that IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle.”

3GPP : Release 99 first defined UMTS as 3G technology evolving from GSM.

UMTS versions: HSDPA,HSUPA,HSPA,HSPA+

3GPP2 : Defined nearly same time 1x EV-DO & CDMA 2000

Versions CDMA : EVDO Rev 0 ,EVDV,EVDO Rev B

Frequency Band : 2100 (IMT) and 2G ones are reused in some countries

Protocols used : TCP/IP, RADIUS/Diameter, SS7.

Defining 3G & technologies used

9/23/2013 6

3G network Architecture as defined in R99 of 3GPP

9/23/2013 7

Features:

LTE is defined in 3GPP release 8 and LTE advanced is defined in release 10

Expected speeds with LTE are Peak download rates up to 299.6 Mbit/s and upload rates up to 75.4 Mbit/s

VoLTE (Voice Over LTE)

Simpler architecture

Low latency

High speed with good quality of experience

Protocols used will be TCP/IP ,SIP, RTP, Diameter etc.

LTE (Long Term Evolution)

9/23/2013 8

It will use protocols : SIP, RTP, Diameter extensively based on TCP/IP model.

It is not backward compatible with predecessor 3G HSPA technologies.

In core it will use EPC(Evolved Packet core) part of NGN. Detailed in later slides.

9/23/2013 9

Technology details

LTE architecture

9/23/2013 10

• A high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to support a wide range of services and applications in a cost-efficient manner

• Compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks

• Capability of interworking with other radio access systems

• High-quality mobile services

• User equipment suitable for worldwide use

• User-friendly applications, services and equipment

• Worldwide roaming capability

• Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100 Mbps for high and 1 Gbps for low mobility were established as targets for research)

Defining 4G

Key features of IMT-Advanced ITU-R M.[IMT-TECH] August 8, 2008

9/23/2013 11

September 2009, the technology proposals were submitted by 3GPP and others to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as 4G candidates. Following two technologies were emerged as contenders

LTE Advanced standardized by the 3GPP

802.16m standardized by the IEEE (i.e. WiMAX)

Major contenders for 4G

9/23/2013 12

Not 100 % but YES it meets major requirements of IMT advanced.

ITU has officially accepted LTE advanced as 4G technology recently. However whole ecosystem will evolve over the period in coming releases from 3GPP.

There are two versions of LTE advanced defined by 3GPP : TDD-LTE Advanced

FDD-LTE Advanced

After lot of competition & discussions on various forums , it looks like TDD-LTE has own the game and its accepted by many Big telecom player as 4G technology choice.

E.g.: Sprint ,T-Mobile, AT &T, Vodafone etc.

9/23/2013 13

Is LTE Advanced TRUE 4G ?

Snapshot of how the Access & Core network is changing from 2G,3G to

LTE & 4G

9/23/2013 14

Similar to LTE in core network , however major differences is in air-interface /access network implementation.

Wi-Max was well received in greenfield implementations but not by legacy cellular telecom operator.(There natural choice was LTE as its defined by 3GPP and evolved from existing cellular technologies )

Frequency Band used: 2600 MHZ.

Protocols used : same application layer protocols based TCP/IP model

9/23/2013 15

Mobile Wi-Max 802.16m

Wi-Max 802.16m architecture

9/23/2013 16

The motivation behind the NGN is much more than just switch replacement, it is an answer to the market reality that 'fixed' voice telephony - although a major part of the telecommunications business - is no longer the only feature that the user wants from their phone service provider.

Triple play services (Voice, Internet and TV) are available via Cable and xDSL already. The NGN brings mobility in to the picture and the opportunity for further bundling of high revenue services for customers.

At the core of the harmonized 'ALL IP' NGN network is the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) which provides an 'access independent' platform for a variety of access technologies (GSM, 3G, LTE,wi-fi, Cable and xDSL).

NGN(Next Generation Network) /IMS(IP Multimedia Subsystem)

9/23/2013 17

NGN

9/23/2013 18

GSM : Global System for Mobile Communications

IMT: International Mobile Telecommunications

GPRS : General Packet Radio Service AP: Access Point

UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications system

eNodeB Enhanced Node B

HSPA: High Speed Packet Access S-GW: Serving Gateway

LTE : Long Term Evolution EPS: Evolved Packet System

NGN : Next Generation Network Wi-Max: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

EDGE :Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution

3GPP/3GPP2: 3rd Generation partnership Program /3rd Generation partnership Program 2

SIP : Session Initiation Protocol

RADIUS : Remote Access Dial In User

Acronyms

9/23/2013 19

Thank You for your Time

Any Q ?

9/23/2013 20

Appendix

9/23/2013 21

Defined as a set of use cases that govern a network including the planning, set up and maintenance activities. In this way the self-organising networks enable the network to set itself up and then manage the resources to enable the optimum performance to be achieved at all times. There are three main areas over which the self-organising networks operate.

Self configuration: "Plug and Play" items. Self optimization: “Operational parameters” Self-healing: Any system will develop faults from time to time.

This can cause major inconvenience to users, however it is often possible for the overall network to change its characteristics to temporarily mask the effects of the fault. Boundaries of adjacent cells can be increased by increasing power levels and changing antenna elevations, etc.

Self Organizing Networks

9/23/2013 22

The 4G phones currently available in the UK are basically just LTE-equipped versions of current top-end 3G phones, such as the iPhone 5, Samsung Galaxy S3, and HTC One X. However as per IMT advanced expectation they should worldwide interoperable between access technologies.

Xu Dejun, CEO of ZTE India We are already in talks with Bharti Airtel and expect to launch ZTE-branded 4G handsets in India latest by September. These handsets will be priced lower than the ones currently made available by LG, and work on TDD-LTE — the 4G band unique to only India and China. We will also be providing 4G handsets to Reliance Jio when they launch 4G.

Handsets

9/23/2013 23

Handsets for LTE HTC & Samsung galaxy

9/23/2013 24

The current status of the 5G technology for cellular systems is very much in the early development stages. Several companies are looking into the technologies that could be used to become part of the system.

In addition to this the standards bodies, particularly 3GPP are aware of the development but are not actively planning the 5G systems yet.

Many of the technologies to be used for 5G will start to appear in the systems used for 4G and then as the new 5G cellular system starts to formulate in a more concrete manner, they will be incorporated into the new 5G cellular system.

5G mobile systems status

9/23/2013 25

One example How the cost & complexity

will be reduced with NGNs ?

Table : Comparison of traditional cellular and femtocellular

9/23/2013 26

The TDD mode is preferred for the following reasons: 1- It enables dynamic allocation of DL and UL resources to efficiently support asymmetric DL/UL traffic (adaptation of DL:UL ratio to DL/UL traffic). 2- It ensures channel reciprocity for better support of link adaptation; MIMO and other closed-loop advanced antenna techniques such as transmit beam-forming. 3- Unlike FDD, which requires a pair of channels, TDD only requires a single channel for both downlink and uplink providing greater flexibility for adaptation to varied global spectrum allocations. 4- Transceiver designs for TDD implementations are less complex and therefore less expensive (restrictions in the number of DL/UL switching points).

9/23/2013 27

why TDD- LTE is preferred over FDD -LTE?

From a technical viewpoint, 21CN referred originally to running all services over an Internet Protocol (IP)/Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) platform, including voice, Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and leased lines. 21CN Capabilities are a set of pre-developed, re-usable components, sometimes referred to as ‘Common Capabilities’ or ‘Product Capabilities’. They are defined building blocks of functionality that can be assembled rapidly and cost effectively into products and services. Decisions have however been taken to retain BT’s traditional PSTN network, probably until 2020 and the earlier plans to mass migrate voice services to 21CN have been superseded.

9/23/2013 28

BT 21CN