INTEROPERABILITY FOR SMART APPLIANCES IN THE IoT WORLD Laura Daniele – TNO Monika Solanki – University of Oxford

ISWC 2016 19 October 2016, Kobe, Japan

MOTIVATION

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  Standardization in IoT has largely focused at the technical communication level, leading to a large number of different solutions based on various standards and protocols   Widespread fragmentation in current market and technology

  Existing IoT solutions are characterized by non-interoperable concepts, and cannot

integrate with one another as wished

  Little attention has been given to the common semantics contained in the message data structures exchanged at the technical level   Need to abstract from specific details of individual standards and create an

abstraction layer based on a commonly agreed semantics (interoperable concepts)

SAREF

BACKGROUND

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  In 2013, the European Commission (EC) launched a standardization initiative and issued a tender to create a reference ontology for the smart appliances domain   TNO was invited by the EC to perform the work and created SAREF – the Smart Appliances REFerence ontology (January 2014 - April 2015)   Project website https://sites.google.com/site/smartappliancesproject

  In November 2015, SAREF was standardized by ETSI as a Technical Specification, TS 103 264 V1.1.1 (2015-11)

  The first extension of SAREF, called SAREF4EE, was created for the energy domain and published in December 2015

  TNO currently involved in a Special Task Force (STF 513) funded by ETSI for the maintenance, evolution and extension of SAREF (March 2016 - December 2016)

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  Reference ontology for smart appliances that focuses on the smart home environment.   Makes an important contribution to enable semantic interoperability in the IoT.   Developed in close interaction with the industry, supported by the European Commission (EC).   First ontology standard in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem.

THE SMART APPLIANCES REFERENCE ONTOLOGY (SAREF)

THE SMART APPLIANCES REFERENCE ONTOLOGY (SAREF)

  SAREF is an OWL-DL ontology   110 classes, 31 object properties and 11 datatype properties

  available at http://w3id.org/saref

  registered in LOV at http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/vocabs/saref

  SAREF is standardized by ETSI in “ETSI TS 103 264 V1.1.1 (2015-11)” http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103200_103299/103264/01.01.01_60/ts_103264v010101p.pdf

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SAREF4EE

THE ENERGY@HOME AND EEBUS EXTENSION

  SAREF is intended to be used as basis to create more specialized ontologies   it has been adopted by the Energy@home and EEBus industry associations as a

basis for an extension to interconnect their (different) data models

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INTEROPERABILITY PROBLEM

  The Energy@home and EEBus data models focus on similar concepts (e.g., “power profile”), but they use different terminologies

Energy@home defines “power profiles”, “modes” and “phases”   EEBus refers to these concepts as “power sequences”, “alternatives” and “slots”

  Need to establish a common terminology that can be shared by Energy@home and EEBus to identify power profiles and related concepts

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SAREF4EE

  In a 5 months project (finished in December 2015) in collaboration with the Energy@home and EEBus stakeholders, TNO created SAREF4EE

  SAREF4EE is an OWL-DL ontology that extends SAREF with   115 classes, 31 object properties and 51 datatype properties

  available at https://w3id.org/saref4ee

  registered in LOV at http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/vocabs/s4ee

  SAREF4EE user documentation with major ontology elements and explanatory diagrams   available at http://ontology.tno.nl/SAREF4EE_Documentation_v0.1.pdf

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SAREF4EE USE CASES

  SAREF4EE is an extension of SAREF for demand response use cases   Demand response use cases: users can offer flexibility to the Smart Grid to manage their smart home devices by means of a Customer Energy Manager (CEM). The CEM is a logical function for optimizing energy consumption and/or production that can reside either in the home gateway or in the cloud

  By using SAREF4EE, smart appliances from manufacturers that support the EEBus or Energy@home standards can easily communicate with each other using any CEM at home or in the cloud

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USE CASES: EXAMPLE

  (Re-)scheduling of appliances in certain modes and preferred times using power profiles to optimize energy efficiency and accommodate the customer’s preferences

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SAREF4EE USER STORIES

  User wants to do basic settings of his/her devices;   User wants to know when the washing machine has finished working;   User wants washing done by 5:00 p.m. with least electrical power costs;   User likes to limit own energy consumption up to a defined limit;   User allows the CEM to reduce the energy consumption of the freezer in a defined range for a specific time, if the grid recognizes (severe) stability issues;   Grid related emergency situations (blackout prevention).

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SAREF4EE MAIN CONCEPTS

EVALUATION

Criteria Evaluation Design suitability •  Based on requirements specifically set by

the European Commission and industrial collaborators.

•  Intermediate and final designs interactively reviewed and approved by all involved parties.

•  High practical quality, reflecting the wishes and intentions of the smart appliances community in an optimal way

Elegance & Quality

•  Design based on Gruber’s principles of clarity, coherence, extendibility, minimal encoding bias, and minimum ontological Commitment.

Logical correctness •  Verified using DL reasoners for satisfiability, incoherency and inconsistencies.

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Criteria Evaluation Reuse •  Based on 20 domain-specific ontologies ,

e.g., W3C SSN ontology •  W3C WGS84 geo positioning vocabulary

and W3C Time ontology •  Ontology of units of Measure (OM)

individuals. Documentation •  Self-descriptive using labels, definitions

and and explanatory diagrams •  SAREF4EE documentation - reviewed and

approved by EEBus and E@H experts •  SAREF standardized by ETSI as technical

specification TS 103 264 Persistent URIs https://w3id.org/saref and https://w3id.org/

saref4ee

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Criteria Evaluation Usage •  Industrial stakeholders, e.g., from the

EEBus and E@H associations, whose members include appliances manufacturers such as BSH Bosch/Siemens, Miele, Indesit, Electrolux, and Whirlpool

•  oneM2M Standards for M2M and the Internet of Things for their TS-0012 oneM2M Base Ontology, built after and based on SAREF.

•  AIOTI Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation in their WG03 IoT standardization activities.

•  CENELEC in their Smart Home standardization activities.

•  W3C Linked Building Data community group.

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Criteria Evaluation License •  CreativeCommons 3.0

Community registry •  Registered in Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV)

Sustainability/ Maintenance Plan

TNO is involved in a Special Task Force (STF 513) funded by ETSI for the maintenance, evolution and extension of SAREF, which also includes the definition of a sustainable plan for the governance of the SAREF(4EE) network of ontologies in the future.

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CONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONS

  SAREF4EE created in collaboration with the EEBus and Energy@Home industry associations.   SAREF and SAREF4EE evaluated for their value addition, potential for

being reused, technical quality and availability of an ontology.   Reference ontologies and their network of extensions play an essential role in the current standardization activities in the IoT domain.

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CONCLUSIONS   To have an actual impact, however, the development of these ontologies should be driven by a real, strong industry demand and carried out in close collaboration with the stakeholders that are willing to adopt them in specific applications   Endorsement by policy makers and standardization bodies (such as the EC and ETSI) is an essential factor to promote the adoption and usage of ontologies by the industry

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PUBLICATIONS   L. Daniele, M. Solanki, F. den Hartog, J. Roes, Interoperability for Smart Appliances in the IoT World, in Proceedings of the 15th International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2016), Kobe, Japan, October 19-21, 2016, Springer   L. Daniele, F. den Hartog, J. Roes, How to Keep a Reference Ontology Relevant to the Industry: a Case Study from the Smart Home, in Ontology Engineering: 12th International Experiences and Directions Workshop on OWL, OWLED 2015, co-located with ISWC 2015, USA, October 9-10, 2015, Revised Selected Papers, Springer   L. Daniele, F. den Hartog, J. Roes, Created in Close Interaction with the Industry: The Smart Appliances REFerence (SAREF) Ontology, Proceedings of the Formal Ontology Meets Industry workshop (FOMI 2015), August 2015, Springer   F. den Hartog, L. Daniele, J. Roes, Toward Semantic Interoperability of Energy Using and Producing Appliances in Residential Environments, Proceedings of the 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC 2015), January 2015, IEEE Press

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION laura.daniele@tno.nl monika.solanki@cs.ox.ac.uk