THE INCAS’ EMPIRE

• The Empire had an area of 1 700 000 square kilometers. It covered a grand part of South America since Colombia until Chile.

• Their limits were: North: until the Ancasmayo River

(Colombia), covering the coast and the mountains of Ecuador and the southern point of Colombia.

South: until the Maule River, covering the north and the center of Chile.

Southeast: cover Bolivia until Tucuman (Argentina).

East: the Jungle.

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

A. MANCO CAPAC AND MAMA OCLLO LEGEND They emerged out of Lake Titicaca Their father – the Sun- gave them a

great golden staff to be used for a specific task: Finding the most appropriate location by sticking the staff into the ground and found a new kingdom.

They came upon the most beautiful place they had seen yet. They stuck the staff in the ground and it stuck. They founded the city of Cusco, conquering the tribes already living there and ruling them under the Incan Empire.

ORIGIN MYTHS

B. AYAR BROTHERS LEGEND

Four brothers: Ayar Uchu, Ayar Manco, Ayar Cachi and Ayar Auca, left Tamputoco cave and went in order to look for a better land.

Cachi was trapped for eternity in a cave.

Uchu and Auca were transformed into stone.

Finally, Ayar Manco with his wife Mama Ocllo reached the place where Cusco was built.

• Pachacutec reorganized the kingdom of Cusco into an empire that has 4 regions:

Chinchaysuyo (NW) Antisuyo (NE) Contisuyo (SW) Collasuyo (SE)

• Each province had a governor who

supervised agriculturally-productive river valleys, cities and mines.

POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

1. THE INCA.- He was considered “Sun’s son”. He was the most powerful figure in the empire. There were 14 incas.

2. THE IMPERIAL COUNCIL.- Its members were the Suyos’ chiefs. Each chief had the maximum authority in their regions. They were called Suyuyoc Apu o Apokuna.

3. THE IMPERIAL GOVERNORS.- Their mission were look for the observance of the laws.

4. THE TUCUYRICUYS.- They were called “the eyes and the ears of the Inca”. They went around the empire in order to get important information that the Inca needs.

5. THE CURACAS.- They managed the provinces.

AUTHORITIES

SOCIAL CLASSES REPRESENTATIVE

INCA Sapa Inca

ROYALTY

•The Auqui: Son of the Sapa Inca.•The Coya: Wife of the Sapa Inca•Royal Panacas: First generations of each Panaca (royal relative).

NOBILITY

•Nobility of Blood: Other members of las Panacas (royal relatives).•Nobility of Privilege: Those who had attained distinction through their services; Sacerdotes and Acllas; High chiefs.

PEOPLE

•Hatun Runa: The general public.•Mitimaes: Those belonging to newly conquered races.•Yanaconas: Servers of the Inca and Empire, many of which were prisoners.

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

• It was based in the “job” that was a universal law, a law for all people. That’s why it was obligatory.

• Its collective.• Three kind of work:

The Ayni.- It was a reciprocity familiar job. It was a system of mutual services.

The Mita.- It was mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire. It was related with the construction of roads, bridges, palaces, fortresses, temples.

The Minka.- It consisted in cultivate the lands of the sun and the Inca by the members of the ayllus.

ECONOMICAL ORGANIZATION

• Inca deities occupied the three realms:

Hanan Paca, the celestial realm in the sky. Ukhu Paca, the inner earth. Cay Paca, the outer earth where humans

live. • The most important deities of Hanan Pacha

are Apu Inti and Quilla (Sun and Moon respectively). Inti Raymi was the festival of the Sun God, the largest and most important Inca festival. The Lightning deity also resided in Hanan Paca.

RELIGION

The incas had three principal laws:

Ama Sua: do not steal.Ama Llulla: do not lie.Ama Quella: do not be lazy.

LAWS

Inca education during the time of the Inca Empire was divided into two principal spheres: education for the upper classes and education for the general population.

In the empire the teachers called AMAUTAS.

EDUCATION

• Incan architecture is the most significant pre-Columbian architecture in South America.

• The Incas inherited an architectural legacy from Tiwanaku, founded in the second century B.C. in present day Bolivia.

ARCHITECTURE

•The capital of the Inca empire, Cuzco, still contains many fine examples of Inca architecture, although many walls of Inca masonry have been incorporated into Spanish Colonial structures.

• The Incas also developed an extensive road system spanning most of the western length of the continent.

• The roads belonged to the government. No one could travel the roads without special permission.

INCA ROADS

• The Incas took advantage of the soil, overcoming the adversities of the Andejuian terrain and the weather.

• These practices were so effective that many experts believe that if they were readopted today, they would solve the nutritional problems of Andean people for many decades.

AGRICULTURE

The Inca Civil War, Inca Dynastic War, or Inca War of Succession, sometimes the War of the two brothers broke out after the death of Huayna Capac between 1525 and 1527. The disagreement between the two brothers Huáscar and Atahualpa was — in a way — a war of succession to the Inca throne. Huáscar initiated the war because he saw himself as the rightful heir of all Incas.

INCA CIVIL WAR

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