Global Energy Consumption and alternative technologies

Global energy consumption &

Alternative technologiesA presentation by

Harald IbeleGeoSolNC, LLC

•Current situation•Residential usage •How to reduce?•Alternatives:

•Solar PV•Solar Thermal•Geo Thermal•Other•Government

•Discussion

Overview:

Notes and Disclaimer

Infineon Presentation at Napa KGD September 2008Wikipedia

Various other sources, credits on most pages, though not allDue to the variety of data available, especially concerning pie charts dealing with

energy consumption allocation, the author has taken a somewhat conservative approach and used average values. Actual values vary depending on actual

location, quality of construction, size of family and personal habits.The author does not make any claims to the absolute correctness of all information

contained herein nor to the completeness. This presentation is solely an attempt to show the capabilities and availability of

different technologies, techniques and trends available at the time of writing.Author assumes no liability for damages caused by relying on this information and

encourages the reader to perform their own additional research.Corrections and suggestions for improvement are welcome.

Please do not re-print, save paper. You are invited to spread this freely via e-mail though.

Happy reading.

Harald IbeleIndian Trail NCFebruary 2009



•Discussion

Overview:

Overview

• Current consumption of energy• Residential energy consumption• Ways to reduce energy consumption• Overview of available technologies:– Solar PV– Solar Thermal– Geo Thermal– Other– Government support

• Q&A/open discussion



•Discussion

Overview:

Dwindling

Dwindling resources require efficient energy management.

• Dwindling energy resources combined with growth in electrical energy demand of 2.4% p.a. worldwide forces us to use energy wisely.

• Saving energy is becoming a standard issue for al industrial, commercial and household applications.



•Discussion

Overview:

Pollution

Higher pollution, emissions and potential damage to the climate require "clean" solutions.

• Pollution, along with environmental and climate protection have become global concerns.

• Reducing pollution by minimizing energy wastage is becoming a standard requirement for all areas of life.



•Discussion

Overview:

International energy actions



•Discussion

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Energy use by Type 1970 - 2025



•Discussion

Overview:

US Energy Consumption



•Discussion

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Where is energy used in US?



•Discussion

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Efficency

• Burn Coal to heat water to drive turbine to generate electricity:

• Coal 31% efficient/Oil 36-40%• Transmission line loss 7.2%• Take electricity to heat up water in electric

water heater 90%(60% gas) efficient



•Discussion

Overview:

Where can we safe?



•Discussion

Overview:

Where does my money goes?



•Discussion

Overview:

Where can we save?

Where can we save? Costs

Do-it-yourself efficiency improvements (10-30%) $

Heating/Cooling (60%) $$$

Hot Water (60%) $$

Lighting (75%) $

Standby Power and Electronics (50% $

Appliances (20-30%) $$

Modifying Habits, Awareness (10%) Free



•Discussion

Overview:

Do-it-yourself efficiency improvements

• Analyze Electric bill for spikes• April / October are the months with least

heating / cooling load, this is the base• Compare bill with utility calculator (i.e. Duke

Power)• Locate Air Leaks and seal (windows, doors)• Check Attic insulation and add• Check ductwork for leaks• Insulate hot water heater and hot water line• Caulk holes on outside of house• Replace incandescent light bulbs with HIGH

QUALITY Compact Fluorescent light bulbs



•Discussion

Overview:

Improvement areas



•Discussion

Overview:

Blower Door Test

• Testing the air tightness of a home using a special fan (blower door) can help to ensure that air sealing work is effective.

• Often required by energy efficiency incentive programs like DOE,EPA Energy Star Program.



•Discussion

Overview:

IR Inspection



•Discussion

Overview:

World renewable Energy

* GWth** Billion liters/year



•Discussion

Overview:

What is Solar?

• Earth upper atmosphere receives more solar energy in one hour than worldwide energy consumption in one year

• 30% reflected back into space, rest absorbed by clouds, oceans, earth

• 1500W / m2 – 1000W at MSL• 50% of heat (energy) stored in earth’s

upper surface• PV conversion efficiency currently 20%• Experimental 25%• Theoretical limit 29%



•Discussion

Overview:

What is Solar Energy?

• PV – Solar Electric (photovoltaic)• Solar Dish w/ Stirling engine uses

temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work

• Solar Trough concentrates sunshine to heat liquid, drive steam turbine and harvest electricity

• Solar Tower same as above• Solar is 85 times as efficient as growing

corn for ethanol



•Discussion

Overview:

Where is PV installed?



•Discussion

Overview:

Solar Dish with Stirling

• Engine uses temperature differential to convert energy from heat into mechanical work



•Discussion

Overview:

PV–Solar Electric (photovoltaic)



•Discussion

Overview:

Solar Trough

• concentrates sunshine to heat liquid, • drive steam turbine and harvest

electricity



•Discussion

Overview:

Solar Tower with mirrors



•Discussion

Overview:

Solar Radiation Map of US



•Discussion

Overview:

World Solar Radiation Map

1TW = 1000GW, 1GW = 1000MW 1MW = 1000KW , 2004 / 14TW



•Discussion

Overview:

How can I use solar?

Direct Solar Sources:• Solar PV for electricity• Solar Thermal for hot water and

hydronicIndirect Solar Sources:• GeoThermal for heating / cooling, hot

water, hydronic



•Discussion

Overview:

Solar PV – How it works?



•Discussion

Overview:

Photoelectric effect



•Discussion

Overview:

Example installation

• 5KW installation with SJC CA 36x165W panels

• 32cents feed-in tariff, 25yr lifespan, 6-8yrs amortization



•Discussion

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•Discussion

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•Discussion

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•Discussion

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Cost for Solar PV

• Relatively expensive +-$4/W• $6-8/W installed• 30% Federal tax credit no cap• 35% State tax credit up to $10,500• 5 yr carryover• out of pocket 35%• Net metering $.19/KWh• Federal loan guarantees



•Discussion

Overview:

What is SolarThermal?

• Systems:– Flat plate collectors– Thermosyphon– Evacuated vacuum tubes

• They all use the greenhouse effect to trap heat and a copper conductor and liquid to transfer the heat

• Electric back-up• 100% Hot water in summer, 60-70%

year-round• Hydronic



•Discussion

Overview:

Solar Plate Collector



•Discussion

Overview:

SPC – How it works



•Discussion

Overview:

Thermosiphon



•Discussion

Overview:

Cost for SolarThermal• Depending on technology• Evacuated tubes most efficient– Summer 1.6x, winter .5x*– Cost 2x– Hotter water– Works on cloudy days, UV

• Depending on size of household +-$6000

• Tax credit up to $3400• Amortize in 3-5 years at no additional

cost• Reduce electric bill +- 15-20%



•Discussion

Overview:

Evacuated vacuum tubes



•Discussion

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EVT – How it works



•Discussion

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•Discussion

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•Discussion

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Hydronic



•Discussion

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Hydronic – How it works



•Discussion

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Cost for Hydronic

• $6-8 per square foot installed• Tax rebates available• Federal 30%, $2000 max• State 35%, $3500 max• Reduces heating expenses by 50%,• Electric bill by 25% in winter, 15% avg



•Discussion

Overview:

What is GeoThermal?



•Discussion

Overview:

Geothermal Energy at Home



•Discussion

Overview:

GeoThermal Map of US



•Discussion

Overview:

US Ground temperatures



•Discussion

Overview:

Cost for GeoThermal

• $4-6000 per ton• Can be tied into existing HVAC

ductwork• 3.5x as efficient as air heat pump• Reduces heating/cooling bill by 50-

75%• Tax credits available• $2000 Federal, $3500 State



•Discussion

Overview:

Additional energy sources

• Wind power• Biomass• Tidal power• Corn ethanol (know as inefficient)• Composting• Recycling



•Discussion

Overview:

Overview Government support

• Federal Incentives up to 30% • $2000 on select technologies• No upper limit on PV• NC incentives $1400-$10,500• Utility rebate programs• Loan guarantees



•Discussion

Overview:

Outlook



•Discussion

Overview:

Questions?

Thank you for your attention!Do you have any questions?

Technology

Global Energy Consumption and alternative technologies