Gl android platform

© 2011 GlobalLogic Inc.

Android Testing

By Dhirendra Jha

© 2011 GlobalLogic Inc. 2

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Feature & Framework

3. Various Releases

4. Android SDK

5. Configuration

6. Emulator

7. Application installation

8. Tools used

9. Devices Root

10. Q & A


INTRODUCTION

Android is a mobile phone operating system developed by

Google. Android is unique because Google is actively developing the platform but giving it away for free to hardware manufacturers and phone carriers who want to use Android on their devices.


Contd..

• Based on Linux with a Java programming interface. It provides tools, e.g. a compiler, debugger and a device emulator as well as its own Java Virtual machine (Dalvik Virtual Machine - DVM).

• It was initially developed by Android Inc., a firm later purchased by Google, and lately by the Open Handset Alliance.

• The unveiling of the Android distribution on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance


Features

• Key Features

– Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of

components

– Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices

– Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine

– SQLite for structured data storage

– Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)

– GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)

– Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)

– Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)


Contd..


Architecture


Android Architecture - Application

• Android provides a set of core applications:

– Email Client

– SMS Program

– Calendar

– Maps

– Browser

– Contacts

– Etc • All applications are written using the Java language.


Android Architecture– App Framework

• Enabling and simplifying the reuse of components

– Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core applications.

– Users are allowed to replace components.


Android Architecture - Libraries

• Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of the Android system

• Exposed to developers through the Android application framework


Android Architecture - Runtime

• Core Libraries – Providing most of the functionality available in the core libraries of

the Java language – APIs

• Data Structures • Utilities • File Access • Network Access • Graphics • Etc


Android Architecture – Runtime (Cont)

• Dalvik Virtual Machine

– Providing environment on which every Android application runs

• Each Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik VM.

• Dalvik has been written such that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently.

– Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format

• .dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint.

• Compilation


Android Architecture – Linux Kernel

13

Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services

• Memory and Process Management

• Network Stack

• Driver Model

• Security

Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the components


Contd..

• Android comes with an Android market which is an online software store. It was developed by Google. It allows Android users to select, and download applications developed by third party developers and use them.

• Android applications are written in java programming language. Android is available as open source for developers to develop applications which can be further used for selling in android market.

• Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model.

• For software development, Android provides Android SDK (Software development kit).


Available Version

Platform Codename API Version

Android 1.5 Cupcake 3

Android 1.6 Donut 4

Android 2.1 Éclair 7

Android 2.2 Froyo 8

Android 2.3 Gingerbread

9, 10

Android 3.0 Honeycomb 11, 12, 13

Android 4.0 Ice Creame Sandwich


Android SDK

• Download appropriate file for your system from http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html

• Extract to desired location

• Run “SDK Manager.exe” (or the equivalent for your system)

http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html


Contd..

• Select the package you want to install and complete the installation.


Folder View of Android SDK


Application Installation On Device

• Installing Applications through Android Market

– Open the Android Market application given in the Applications menu.

– Choose any option- Applications, Games or Search or My Downloads based on what you want to do.

– Now you can click on the application you want and you will get more details of the desired application.

– If you want to install it, just click on the Install button on the bottom of the screen.

– In the next screen, it will give you more details about the application including the different functionalities it will need to access.

– Just click on OK to finish installing the application.


Contd..

• Installing Applications With Android SDK

– Need to modify Android’s settings to allow the installation of applications from other sources. Under “Settings,” select “Application Settings” and then enable “Unknown Sources.” Also under “Settings,” select “SD Card” and “Phone Storage,” and finally enable “Disable Use for USB Storage”

– This last step is easy. Open Command Prompt and type the following: adb install applicationxxx.apk

– Application install successfully and shows under the device application screen.


Application Un-installation from Device

• Uninstalling Android Applications

– Sometimes an application just needs to go. Whether a better one has been found or an application has simply worn out its welcome, it must be uninstalled. Uninstalling is as simple as it was to install it.

– Open the Google Android Menu.

– Go to the Settings icon and select Applications.

– Next, click on Manage.

– A list of installed applications will appear.

– Select the one to be uninstalled and simply click Uninstall.

– With that, the application is uninstalled.


Create Android Emulator

• Double click on “android.bat”. Shows below screen

• Click on the New button.


Contd..

• Provide all the details. • Click on Create AVD button.


Contd..

• Select the newly created AVD and click on Start.


Contd..


Other Tools

• adb.exe – – Android Debug Bridge is a versatile tool that lets you manage the state of

an emulator instance or Android-powered device. You can also use it to install an Android application (.apk) file on a device.

– ADB allows you to interact with your phones file system through a terminal based interface like command prompt. Since android is based on the Linux platform, ADB can be used to perform advanced operations using a command prompt window.


Contd..


• android.bat - This is an important development tool that lets you: • Create, delete, and view Android Virtual Devices (AVDs).

• Create and update Android projects.

• Update your Android SDK with new platforms, add-ons, and documentation.


Contd..

• ddmss.bat

• Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS) is a debugging tool which provides port-forwarding services, screen capture on the device, thread and heap information on the device, logcat, process, and more.


Contd..

• Functionalities available using this utility


Contd..

• Capture the screen shot or copy the file from/to device.


Contd..

• emulator.exe – The Android SDK includes a mobile device emulator — a

virtual mobile device that runs on your computer. The emulator lets you develop and test Android applications without using a physical device.

– When the emulator is running, you can interact with the emulated mobile device just as you would an actual mobile device, except that you use your mouse pointer to "touch" the touch screen and can use some keyboard keys to invoke certain keys on the device.

Ex - emulator -avd <avd_name> [-<option> ]


Development Environment

• ADT plugin for Eclipse – Android Development Tools (ADT) is a plugin for the Eclipse IDE that

is designed to give you a powerful, integrated environment in which to build Android applications.

– ADT extends the capabilities of Eclipse to let you quickly set up new Android projects, create an application UI, add components based on the Android Framework API, debug your applications using the Android SDK tools, and even export signed (or unsigned) .apk files in order to distribute your application.

– See the detail about configuration using the URL - http://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.html#installing

http://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.html












Device Root

• Root stands for administrator access which you can have access to delete, modify, create new files inside the android operating system, in short, gaining root access on your android devices is like granting yourself an administrator level which you can do all things you want unlike user level, you don’t have the right to delete unworthy applications and files that can consume a lot of space inside the internal memory of the device.

• Getting root or rooting your phone is the process of modifying the operating system on your device which will grant you complete control over it.


Contd..

• This means you can overcome limitations that the carriers and manufacturers put on your phone, extend system functionality, and even upgrade it to a custom flavor of Android.

• The name root equally known as Administrator on Windows is called root.

• Getting rooted on the device will give you eternal freedom to use the capabilities of your android device. But doing this will might break your device and might void your warranty, so if I you are afraid to have freedom on your device, I recommend to do this once your device is out of warranty.


Android 1. 0

Was released on 23 September 2008. The first Android device, the

HTC Dream (G1),

Download and upgrade support from Market.

WiFi and Bluetooth support.

Google Sync support.

Maps with street view support

Voice dialer without typing Name.

Static Wallpaper Support

Was released on 9 February 2009.

Support Map view with business details

Support Saving the attachment from MMS

Android 1. 1

Android OS Specifications

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC_Dream








Android 1. 5 (cupcake)

Was released on 30 April 2009 based on Linux Kernel 2.6.27.

Support third party virtual keyboard with text prediction.

Support widget

Supports video Recording

Copy Paste feature

Shows user picture & thumbs for Favorites

Animated screen transitions

Android 1. 6 (Donut)

Was released on 15 September 2009 based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29.

Voice and text entry search

Multi-lingual speech synthesis engine

Updated technology support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs, and a text-to-speech engine

Cont.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_synthesis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-95

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network


Android 2.0/2.1 (Eclair)

Was released on 26 October 2009 based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29.

Can add multiple account and performed sync.

Exchange Email supports

Ability to search saved SMS or MMS

Improve Google Maps

Addition of Live wallpaper

2.1 SDK was released on 12 January 2010

Android 2.2 (Froyo)

Was released on 20 May 2010based on Linux Kernel 2.6.32.

Speed, memory and performance optimization

Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push notifications

USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality

Support for installing applications to the expandable memory

Cont..

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Cloud_to_Device_Messaging

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_hotspot




Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)

Was released on 6 December 2010 based on Linux Kernel 2.6.35.

Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed

Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephony

Support for Near Field Communication (NFC)

Supports for multiple Camera , Front Camera Support,

OS 2.3.4 supports voice & Video chat using Gtalk.

OS 2.3.7 introduced Google Wallet support for the Nexus S 4G

Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)

Was released on 20 May 2010based on Linux Kernel 2.6.32.

Speed, memory and performance optimization

Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push notifications

Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to apps

Ability to access apps directly from lock screen

Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software

Supports Google+ , hangout feature

Cont…

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Wallet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Cloud_to_Device_Messaging




Android 3.0 Honeycomb Was released on 22 February 2011 based on Linux Kernel 2.6.36.

First android OS Tablet support for Motorola Xoom .

Multi-tasking Supports

Multiple browser tap

Supports Video Chat by Gtalk.

Supports for Multi-Core processors.

New two-pane Email UI

Resizable home screen widget

Supports Joysticks and gamepads.

Improved Adobe Flash supports in browser.

Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen. Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos

Cont….


Vendor/Operator Applications

Enterprise Applications

Proprietary Applications

Handset Manufacturers

3rd Party Developers

Installation/upgrade

Functional

Compatibility

Widget Testing

Performance Testing

Phone Interrupt

Need to focus on Installation / Un-installation /upgrade of app

Testing of all features and functions of a system to ensure requirements and specifications

are met

Adding / Deleting of widget. Application as widget

Process of determining the performance of the application in

case of low memory, Battery Consumption. Long Run.

Application behavior in case of voice call, SMS and Network

interrupt

Testing conducted on the mobile applications to evaluate the

application's compatibility with OS, Software / Hardware

Platforms etc Implementation

Prototype

Automated Testing

Installation/upgrade Testing

Functional UI

Capability Testing

Widget Stress

Performance Testing


1 Diversity of Device Environment

Exhaustive testing of User

Interfaces

Rendering of images and

positioning of elements in screen

Compatibility with mobile

runtimes 2 Hardware Configuration

Less memory & processing power

for computing

Application compatibility with

WAP enabled & HTTP enabled

devices

3 Network related challenges

Network Latency

Gateways as Data Optimizers 4 Rapid Application Development (RAD)

Benefits include faster time to

market

Reduced Development time

Reduced Testing cycle time

Unique challenges in Testing


1 Use of Test Automation

Automating appropriate areas 2 Use of Emulators and actual

devices

Emulators are useful for unit

testing

3 Testing for wide mobile

environments

GUI & Compatibility tests

4 Measuring application complexity

Enterprise applications subjected

to Performance Testing, Security

Testing & Synchronization Testing

Success Factors

Usability

Application should download

quickly

Horizontal and Vertical Navigation

should be easy

Images used should be clear

Font of Texts should be legible

Color scheme used

5


Test the Android application for

Low Memory condition :

Fill Device Memory Lite

Android testing Tools and Utility



How to use tool

1. Download the “Fill Device Memory Lite” tool

from android Market.

2. Run the application from your testing

android device.

General Overview of the Tool

1. “Fill Device Memory Lite” tool fill the android device internal (RAM) and External

Memory/SD Card in automated method.

2. No Need to manually copy the temp files or application into device to fill the memory.

3. All created files (plain text) are stored under application designated folders and will not

mess up your internal or external storages.


Step 1: Select the Device storage memory • Select “Internal Storage” for filling device RAM

memory or “External Storage” for filling device SD

Card

Step II : Check the Space available • Check the space available in android device.

• Delete the file in chunk on 8MB ( only available in

Full Version)

• Delete all previously created temp files at once from

device.

Step 3: Select the file size • 11 Preset file size to select the size to select form.

• User can able to create single file size of 2GB.

• My Size option detect the available free size present

in memory and create the single file of detected free

memory size. ( Available in full Version)

Step 4: Fill the device memory for selected file

size. • Fill the android device with selected file size.



Capture the device log without

Connecting the device to system:

Log Collector

Android testing Tools and Utility


Log Collector

How to use tool

1. Download the “Log Collector” tool from

android Market.

2. Run the application from your testing

android device.

General Overview of the Tool

Collects a device log and sends it to a developer using a method (email, messaging, etc.) of

your choice. The log data is vital to troubleshoot a crashing, or otherwise misbehaving

application.


Test Automation Overview


Q & A

Technology

Gl android platform