Eye catching HTML BASICS tips: Learn easily

HTML HTML BasicsBasics

HTML, Text, Images, Tables

Shabab ShihanShabab Shihanshababshihan.coshababshihan.co

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Table of Contents1. Introduction to HTML

How the Web Works? What is a Web Page? My First HTML Page Basic Tags: Hyperlinks, Images, Formatting Headings and Paragraphs

2. HTML in Details The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration The <head> Section: Title, Meta, Script, Style

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Table of Contents (2)

2. HTML in Details The <body> Section Text Styling and Formatting Tags Hyperlinks: <a>, Hyperlinks and Sections Images: <img> Lists: <ol>, <ul> and <dl>

The <div> and <span> elements HTML Tables HTML Forms

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How the Web Works? WWW use classical client / server

architecture HTTP is text-based request-response protocol

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Client running Client running a Web a Web

BrowserBrowser

Server running Server running Web Server Web Server

Software (IIS, Software (IIS, Apache, etc.)Apache, etc.)

Server Server responseresponse

HTTPHTTP

HTTPHTTP

What is a Web Page?

Web pages are text files containing HTML

HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language A notation for describing

document structure (semantic markup) formatting (presentation markup)

Looks (looked?) like: A Microsoft Word document

The markup tags provide information about the page content structure

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Creating HTML Pages An HTML file must have an .htm or .html

file extension HTML files can be created with text

editors: NotePad, NotePad ++, PSPad

Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors): Microsoft FrontPage Macromedia Dreamweaver Netscape Composer Microsoft Word Visual Studio

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Skype: shabab.shihan1Twitter: http://bit.ly/1HkfemTFacebook: http://on.fb.me/1N3DhbNLinkedin: http://bit.ly/1RGnZNFPortfolio site: www.shababshihan.comFor hire me create your website: http://bit.ly/1GTFk5b

Text, Images, Tables, Forms

HTML Structure HTML is comprised of “elements” and

“tags” Begins with <html> and ends with </html>

Elements (tags) are nested one inside another:

Tags have attributes:

HTML describes structure using two main sections: <head> and <body>

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<html> <head></head> <body></body> </html><html> <head></head> <body></body> </html>

<img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" />

HTML Code Formatting The HTML source code should be

formatted to increase readability and facilitate debugging. Every block element should start on a new

line. Every nested (block) element should be

indented. Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces in

the page source, so formatting is harmless. For performance reasons, formatting can

be sacrificed10

First HTML Page

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<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><head> <title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title> </head></head> <body><body> <p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p> </body></body></html></html>

test.htmltest.html


First HTML Page: Tags

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Opening Opening tagtag

Closing Closing tagtag

An HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tag and the content inside.


First HTML Page: Header

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HTML HTML headerheader


First HTML Page: Body

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HTML HTML bodybody

Some Simple Tags Hyperlink Tags

Image Tags

Text formatting tags

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<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/"<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/" title="Telerik">Link to shihsn Web title="Telerik">Link to shihsn Web site</a>site</a>

<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />

This text is <em>emphasized.</em>This text is <em>emphasized.</em><br />new line<br /><br />new line<br />This one is <strong>more This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>emphasized.</strong>

Some Simple Tags – Example

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<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head> <title>Simple Tags Demo</title><title>Simple Tags Demo</title></head></head><body><body><a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/" title=<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/" title= "Telerik site">This is a link.</a>"Telerik site">This is a link.</a><br /><br /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><br /><br /><strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.</body></body></html></html>

some-tags.htmlsome-tags.html

Some Simple Tags – Example (2)

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<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head> <title>Simple Tags Demo</title><title>Simple Tags Demo</title></head></head><body><body><a href="http://www. shababshihancom/" title=<a href="http://www. shababshihancom/" title= “ “shihan site">This is a link.</a>shihan site">This is a link.</a><br /><br /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><br /><br /><strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.</body></body></html></html>

some-tags.htmlsome-tags.html

Tags Attributes Tags can have attributes Attributes specify properties and behavior Example:

Few attributes can apply to every element: id, style, class, title The id is unique in the document Content of title attribute is displayed as hint

when the element is hovered with the mouse Some elements have obligatory attributes

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<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />Attribute Attribute altalt with with

value "value "logologo""

Headings and Paragraphs Heading Tags (h1 – h6)

Paragraph Tags

Sections: div and span

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<p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p>

<h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h3>Sub heading 3</h3><h3>Sub heading 3</h3>

<div style="background: skyblue;"><div style="background: skyblue;"> This is a div</div>This is a div</div>

Headings and Paragraphs – Example

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<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><title>Headings and <head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>paragraphs</title></head> <body><body> <h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1> <h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2> <h3>Sub heading 3</h3><h3>Sub heading 3</h3>

<p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p> <p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p>

<div style="background:skyblue"><div style="background:skyblue"> This is a div</div>This is a div</div> </body></body></html></html>

headings.htmlheadings.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><title>Headings and <head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>paragraphs</title></head> <body><body> <h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1> <h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2> <h3>Sub heading 3</h3><h3>Sub heading 3</h3>

<p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p> <p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p>

<div style="background:skyblue"><div style="background:skyblue"> This is a div</div>This is a div</div> </body></body></html></html>

Headings and Paragraphs – Example (2)

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headings.htmlheadings.html

HTML Document Structure in Depth

Preface

It is important to have the correct vision and attitude towards HTML HTML is only about structure, not

appearance Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and

parse errors – you should not.

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The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration HTML documents must start with a

document type definition (DTD) It tells web browsers what type is the

served code Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0

(Transitional or Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML 5 Example:

See http://w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html for a list of possible doctypes

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">transitional.dtd">

http://www.w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html

HTML vs. XHTML XHTML is more strict than HTML

Tags and attribute names must be in lowercase

All tags must be closed (<br/>, <img/>) while HTML allows <br> and <img> and implies missing closing tags (<p>par1 <p>par2)

XHTML allows only one root <html> element (HTML allows more than one)

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XHTML vs. HTML (2) Many element attributes are deprecated

in XHTML, most are moved to CSS Attribute minimization is forbidden, e.g.

Note: Web browsers load XHTML faster than HTML and valid code faster than invalid!

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<input type="checkbox" checked><input type="checkbox" checked>

<input type="checkbox" <input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />checked="checked" />

The <head> Section Contains information that doesn’t show

directly on the viewable page Starts after the <!doctype> declaration Begins with <head> and ends with </head>

Contains mandatory single <title> tag Can contain some other tags, e.g.

<meta> <script> <style> <!–- comments -->

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<head> Section: <title> tag Title should be placed between <head>

and </head> tags

Used to specify a title in the window title bar

Search engines and people rely on titles28

<title><title>shihanshihan Academy – Winter Season Academy – Winter Season 2014/2015 </title>2014/2015 </title>

<head> Section: <meta> Meta tags additionally describe the

content contained within the page

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<meta name="description" content="HTML <meta name="description" content="HTML tutorial" />tutorial" />

<meta name="keywords" content="html, web <meta name="keywords" content="html, web design, styles" />design, styles" /> <meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" <meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" /> />

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5; <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5; url=http://www.shababshihan.com" />url=http://www.shababshihan.com" />

<head> Section: <script>

The <script> element is used to embed scripts into an HTML document Script are executed in the client's Web

browser Scripts can live in the <head> and in the <body> sections

Supported client-side scripting languages: JavaScript (it is not Java!) VBScript JScript

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The <script> Tag – Example

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<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html> <head><head> <title>JavaScript Example</title><title>JavaScript Example</title> <script type="text/javascript"><script type="text/javascript"> function sayHello() {function sayHello() { document.write("<p>Hello document.write("<p>Hello World!<\/p>");World!<\/p>"); }} </script></script> </head></head> <body><body> <script type=<script type= "text/javascript">"text/javascript"> sayHello();sayHello(); </script></script> </body></body></html></html>

scripts-scripts-example.htmlexample.html

<head> Section: <style> The <style> element embeds

formatting information (CSS styles) into an HTML page

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<html><html> <head><head> <style type="text/css"><style type="text/css"> p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; } p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; } span { text-transform: uppercase; }span { text-transform: uppercase; } </style></style> </head></head> <body><body> <p>Styles demo.<br /><p>Styles demo.<br /> <span>Test uppercase</span>.<span>Test uppercase</span>. </p></p> </body></body></html></html>

style-example.htmlstyle-example.html

Comments:  Tag Comments can exist anywhere between

the <html></html> tags Comments start with 

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<!–- Shihan Logo (a JPG file) --><!–- Shihan Logo (a JPG file) --><img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Shihan Logo"><img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Shihan Logo"><!–- Hyperlink to the web site --><!–- Hyperlink to the web site --><a <a href="http://shababshihan.com/">Shihan</ahref="http://shababshihan.com/">Shihan</a>><!–- Show the news table --><!–- Show the news table --><table class="newstable"><table class="newstable">......

<body> Section: Introduction The <body> section describes the

viewable portion of the page Starts after the <head> </head> section Begins with <body> and ends with </body>

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<html><html> <head><title>Test page</title></head><head><title>Test page</title></head> <body><body>  </body></body></html></html>

Text FormattingText Formatting Text formatting tags modify the text

between the opening tag and the closing tag Ex. <b>Hello</b> makes “Hello” bold

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Text Formatting – Example

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">transitional.dtd"><html><html> <head><head> <title>Page Title</title><title>Page Title</title> </head></head> <body><body> <h1>Notice</h1><h1>Notice</h1> <p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p> <p><pre>Next paragraph:<p><pre>Next paragraph: preformatted.</pre></p>preformatted.</pre></p> <h2>More Info</h2><h2>More Info</h2> <p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br <p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />/> Next line.</p>Next line.</p> </body></body></html></html>

text-text-formatting.htmlformatting.html

Text Formatting – Example (2)

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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">transitional.dtd"><html><html> <head><head> <title>Page Title</title><title>Page Title</title> </head></head> <body><body> <h1>Notice</h1><h1>Notice</h1> <p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p> <p><pre>Next paragraph:<p><pre>Next paragraph: preformatted.</pre></p>preformatted.</pre></p> <h2>More Info</h2><h2>More Info</h2> <p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br <p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />/> Next line.</p>Next line.</p> </body></body></html></html>

text-text-formatting.htmlformatting.html

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag Link to a document called form.html on

the same server in the same directory:

Link to a document called parent.html on the same server in the parent directory:

Link to a document called cat.html on the same server in the subdirectory stuff:

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<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a>

<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a>

<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a>

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (2)

Link to an external Web site:

Always use a full URL, including "http://", not just "www.somesite.com"

Using the target="_blank" attribute opens the link in a new window

Link to an e-mail address:

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<a href="http://www.devbg.org" <a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a>target="_blank">BASD</a>

<a href="mailto:[email protected]?<a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug+Report">subject=Bug+Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (3) Link to a document called apply-now.html On the same server, in same directory Using an image as a link button:

Link to a document called index.html On the same server, in the subdirectory english of the parent directory:

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<a href="apply-now.html"><img<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>

<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to <a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English version</a>English version</a>

Hyperlinks and Sections Link to another location in the same

document:

Link to a specific location in another document:

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<a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a><a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a>......<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>

<a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to <a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section 3.1.1</a>Section 3.1.1</a>

<!–- In chapter3.html --><!–- In chapter3.html -->......<div id="section3.1.1"><div id="section3.1.1"> <h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3><h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3></div></div>

Hyperlinks – Example

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<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="http://www.devbg.org" <a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a> <br />target="_blank">BASD</a> <br /><a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug <a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>only)</a><br /><br /><a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg” /></a> <br />button.jpg” /></a> <br /><a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English <a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English version</a> <br />version</a> <br />

hyperlinks.htmlhyperlinks.html

<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="http://www.devbg.org" <a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a> <br />target="_blank">BASD</a> <br /><a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug <a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Bug Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>only)</a><br /><br /><a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg” /></a> <br />button.jpg” /></a> <br /><a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English <a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English version</a> <br />version</a> <br />

hyperlinks.htmlhyperlinks.htmlHyperlinks – Example (2)

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Links to the Same Document – Example

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<h1>Table of Contents</h1><h1>Table of Contents</h1>

<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />...the rest of the table of contents......the rest of the table of contents...



<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>... Section 1 follows here ...... Section 1 follows here ...<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2><h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>... Section 2 follows here ...... Section 2 follows here ...<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3><h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>... Section 2.1 follows here ...... Section 2.1 follows here ...

links-to-same-links-to-same-document.htmldocument.html

Links to the Same Document – Example (2)

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<h1>Table of Contents</h1><h1>Table of Contents</h1>

<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />...the rest of the table of contents......the rest of the table of contents...



<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>... Section 1 follows here ...... Section 1 follows here ...<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2><h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>... Section 2 follows here ...... Section 2 follows here ...<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3><h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>... Section 2.1 follows here ...... Section 2.1 follows here ...

links-to-same-links-to-same-document.htmldocument.html

Inserting an image with Inserting an image with <img><img> tag: tag:

Image attributes:Image attributes:

Example:Example:

Images: Images: <img><img> tag tag

src src Location of image fileLocation of image file (relative or absolute) (relative or absolute)altalt Substitute text for displaySubstitute text for display (e.g. in text mode) (e.g. in text mode)height height Number of pixels of the heightNumber of pixels of the heightwidth width Number of pixels of the widthNumber of pixels of the widthborder border Size of border, 0 for no borderSize of border, 0 for no border

<img src="/img/basd-logo.png"><img src="/img/basd-logo.png">

<img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" /><img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" />46

Miscellaneous Tags

<hr />: Draws a horizontal rule (line):

<center></center>: Deprecated!

<font></font>: Deprecated!

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<hr size="5" width="70%" /><hr size="5" width="70%" />

<center>Hello World!</center><center>Hello World!</center>

<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>

Miscellaneous Tags – Example

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<html><html> <head><head> <title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title><title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title> </head></head> <body><body> <hr size="5" width="70%" /><hr size="5" width="70%" /> <center>Hello World!</center><center>Hello World!</center> <font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font> <font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font> </body></body></html></html>

misc.htmlmisc.html

a. Appleb. Orangec. Grapefruit

Ordered Lists: <ol> Tag Create an OOrdered LList using <ol></ol>:

Attribute values for type are 1, A, a, I, or i

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1. Apple2. Orange3. Grapefruit

A. AppleB. OrangeC. Grapefruit

I. AppleII. OrangeIII. Grapefruit

i. Appleii. Orangeiii. Grapefruit

<ol type="1"><ol type="1"> <li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li> <li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li> <li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ol></ol>

Unordered Lists: <ul> Tag Create an UUnordered LList using <ul></ul>:

Attribute values for type are: disc, circle or square

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• Apple• Orange• Pear

o Appleo Orangeo Pear

Apple Orange Pear

<ul type="disk"><ul type="disk"> <li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li> <li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li> <li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ul></ul>

Definition lists: <dl> tag Create definition lists using <dl>

Pairs of text and associated definition; text is in <dt> tag, definition in <dd> tag

Renders without bullets Definition is indented

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<dl><dl><dt>HTML</dt><dt>HTML</dt><dd>A markup language …</dd><dd>A markup language …</dd><dt>CSS</dt><dt>CSS</dt><dd>Language used to …</dd><dd>Language used to …</dd>

</dl></dl>

Lists – Example

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<ol type="1"><ol type="1"> <li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li> <li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li> <li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ol></ol>

<ul type="disc"><ul type="disc"> <li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li> <li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li> <li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ul></ul>

<dl><dl> <dt>HTML</dt><dt>HTML</dt> <dd>A markup lang…</dd><dd>A markup lang…</dd></dl></dl>

lists.htmllists.html

HTML Special HTML Special CharactersCharacters

££££British PoundBritish Pound€€€€EuroEuro""""Quotation MarkQuotation Mark

¥¥¥¥Japanese YenJapanese Yen

————Em DashEm Dash  Non-breaking SpaceNon-breaking Space

&&&&AmpersandAmpersand>>>>Greater ThanGreater Than<<<<Less ThanLess Than™™™™Trademark SignTrademark Sign®®®®Registered Trademark Registered Trademark

SignSign

©©©©Copyright SignCopyright SignSymbolSymbolHTML HTML

EntityEntitySymbol NameSymbol Name

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Special Characters – Example

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<p>[>>  Welcome<p>[>>  Welcome   <<]</p>  <<]</p> <p>►I have following cards:<p>►I have following cards: A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p> <p>►I prefer hard rock ♫<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫ music ♫</p>music ♫</p> <p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his <p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his team</p>team</p> <p>Shihan Academy™</p><p>Shihan Academy™</p>

special-special-chars.htmlchars.html

Special Chars – Example (2)

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<p>[>>  Welcome<p>[>>  Welcome   <<]</p>  <<]</p> <p>►I have following cards:<p>►I have following cards: A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p> <p>►I prefer hard rock ♫<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫ music ♫</p>music ♫</p> <p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his <p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his team</p>team</p> <p>Shihan Academy™</p><p>Shihan Academy™</p>

special-special-chars.htmlchars.html

Block and Inline Elements Block elements add a line break

before and after them <div> is a block element Other block elements are <table>, <hr>,

headings, lists, <p> and etc. Inline elements don’t break the text

before and after them <span> is an inline element Most HTML elements are inline, e.g. <a>

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The <div> Tag

<div> creates logical divisions within a page

Block style element Used with CSS Example:

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<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV <div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV example</div>example</div><p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>

div-and-div-and-span.htmlspan.html

The <span> Tag

Inline style element Useful for modifying a specific

portion of text Don't create a separate area

(paragraph) in the document Very useful with CSS

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<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p><p>This one is another <span style="font-<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px; font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>size:32px; font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>

span.htmlspan.html

HTML Tables

Tables represent tabular data

A table consists of one or several rows

Each row has one or more columns

Tables comprised of several core tags: <table></table>: begin / end

the table

<tr></tr>: create a table row

<td></td>: create tabular data (cell)

Tables should not be used for layout. Use CSS floats and positioning

styles instead

61

HTML Tables (2)

Start and end of a table

Start and end of a row

Start and end of a cell in a row

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<table> ... </table><table> ... </table>

<tr> ... </tr><tr> ... </tr>

<td> ... </td><td> ... </td>

Simple HTML Tables – Example

63

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tr><tr> <td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td> <td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture <td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture 1</a></td>1</a></td> </tr></tr> <tr><tr> <td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td> <td><a href="lecture2.ppt">Lecture <td><a href="lecture2.ppt">Lecture 2</a></td>2</a></td> </tr></tr> <tr><tr> <td><img src="zip.gif"></td><td><img src="zip.gif"></td> <td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip"><td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip"> Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td> </tr></tr></table></table>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tr><tr> <td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td> <td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture <td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture 1</a></td>1</a></td> </tr></tr> <tr><tr> <td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td> <td><a href="lecture2.ppt">Lecture <td><a href="lecture2.ppt">Lecture 2</a></td>2</a></td> </tr></tr> <tr><tr> <td><img src="zip.gif"></td><td><img src="zip.gif"></td> <td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip"><td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip"> Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td> </tr></tr></table></table>

Simple HTML Tables – Example (2)

64

Complete HTML Tables

Table rows split into three semantic sections: header, body and footer <thead> denotes table header and contains <th> elements, instead of <td> elements

<tbody> denotes collection of table rows that contain the very data

<tfoot> denotes table footer but comes BEFORE the <tbody> tag

<colgroup> and <col> define columns (most often used to set column widths)

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Complete HTML Table: Example

66

<table><table><colgroup><colgroup> <col style="width:100px" /><col /><col style="width:100px" /><col /></colgroup></colgroup><thead><thead> <tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr><tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr></thead></thead><tfoot><tfoot> <tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr><tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr></tfoot></tfoot><tbody><tbody> <tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr> <tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr></tbody></tbody></table></table>

headerheader

footerfooter

Last comes the Last comes the body (data)body (data)

thth

columnscolumns

<table><table><colgroup><colgroup> <col style="width:200px" /><col /><col style="width:200px" /><col /></colgroup></colgroup><thead><thead> <tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr><tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr></thead></thead><tfoot><tfoot> <tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr><tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr></tfoot></tfoot><tbody><tbody> <tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr> <tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr></tbody></tbody></table></table>

Complete HTML Table:Example (2)

67

table-full.htmltable-full.html

Although the Although the footer is before footer is before the data in the the data in the

code, it is code, it is displayed lastdisplayed last

By default, By default, header text is header text is

bold and bold and centered.centered.

Nested Tables Table data “cells” (<td>) can contain

nested tables (tables within tables):

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<table><table> <tr><tr> <td>Contact:</td><td>Contact:</td> <td><td> <table><table> <tr><tr> <td>First Name</td><td>First Name</td> <td>Last Name</td><td>Last Name</td> </tr></tr> </table></table> </td></td> </tr></tr></table></table>

nested-nested-tables.htmltables.html

cellpaddingcellpadding

Defines the Defines the empty space empty space around the cell around the cell contentcontent

cellspacingcellspacing

Defines the Defines the empty space empty space between between cellscells

Cell Spacing and Padding Tables have two important attributes:

69

cellcell cellcell

cellcell cellcell

cellcell

cellcell

cellcell

cellcell

Cell Spacing and Padding – Example

70

<html><html> <head><title>Table Cells</title></head><head><title>Table Cells</title></head> <body><body> <table <table cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0">> <tr><td>First</td><tr><td>First</td> <td>Second</td></tr><td>Second</td></tr> </table></table> <br/><br/> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"> <tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr> </table></table> </body></body></html></html>

table-table-cellscells.html.html

Cell Spacing and Padding – Example (2)

71

<html><html> <head><title>Table Cells</title></head><head><title>Table Cells</title></head> <body><body> <table <table cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0">> <tr><td>First</td><tr><td>First</td> <td>Second</td></tr><td>Second</td></tr> </table></table> <br/><br/> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"> <tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr> </table></table> </body></body></html></html>

table-table-cellscells.html.html

rowspanrowspan

Defines how Defines how many rows many rows the cell the cell occupiesoccupies

colspancolspan

Defines how Defines how many many columns the columns the cell occupiescell occupies

Column and Row Span Table cells have two important attributes:

72

cell[1,cell[1,1]1]

cell[1,cell[1,2]2]

cell[2,1]cell[2,1]

colspancolspan="1"="1"



cell[1,1]cell[1,1]cell[1cell[1

,2],2]cell[2cell[2

,1],1]

rowspanrowspan="2"="2"



Column and Row Span – Example

73

<table cellspacing="0"><table cellspacing="0"> <tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td><tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td> <td <td colspan="2"colspan="2">Cell[2,1]</td></tr>>Cell[2,1]</td></tr> <tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td><tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td> <td <td rowspan="2"rowspan="2">Cell[2,2]</td>>Cell[2,2]</td> <td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr><td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr> <tr class=“3"><td>Cell[1,3]</td><tr class=“3"><td>Cell[1,3]</td> <td>Cell[2,3]</td></tr><td>Cell[2,3]</td></tr></table></table>

table-colspan-rowspan.htmltable-colspan-rowspan.html

<table cellspacing="0"><table cellspacing="0"> <tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td><tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td> <td <td colspan="2"colspan="2">Cell[2,1]</td></tr>>Cell[2,1]</td></tr> <tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td><tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td> <td <td rowspan="2"rowspan="2">Cell[2,2]</td>>Cell[2,2]</td> <td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr><td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr> <tr class=“3"><td>Cell[1,3]</td><tr class=“3"><td>Cell[1,3]</td> <td>Cell[2,3]</td></tr><td>Cell[2,3]</td></tr></table></table>

Column and Row Span –Example (2)

74

table-colspan-rowspan.htmltable-colspan-rowspan.html

Cell[2,3]

Cell[1,3]

Cell[3,2]Cell[2,2

]

Cell[1,2]

Cell[2,1]Cell[1,1]

Entering User Data from a Entering User Data from a Web PageWeb Page

HTML Forms Forms are the primary method for

gathering data from site visitors Create a form block with

Example:

76

<form></form><form></form>

<form name="myForm" method="post" <form name="myForm" method="post" action="path/to/some-script.php">action="path/to/some-script.php"> ......</form></form> The "action" attribute The "action" attribute

tells where the form tells where the form data should be sentdata should be sent

The “method" attribute The “method" attribute tells how the form data tells how the form data

should be sent – via should be sent – via GET or POST requestGET or POST request

Form Fields Single-line text input fields:

Multi-line textarea fields:

Hidden fields contain data not shown to the user:

Often used by JavaScript code77

<input type="text" name="FirstName" <input type="text" name="FirstName" value="This is a text field" />value="This is a text field" />

<textarea name="Comments">This is a multi-<textarea name="Comments">This is a multi-line text field</textarea>line text field</textarea>

<input type="hidden" name="Account" <input type="hidden" name="Account" value="This is a hidden text field" />value="This is a hidden text field" />

Fieldsets Fieldsets are used to enclose a group

of related form fields:

The <legend> is the fieldset's title.

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<form method="post" action="form.aspx"><form method="post" action="form.aspx"> <fieldset><fieldset> <legend>Client Details</legend><legend>Client Details</legend> <input type="text" id="Name" /><input type="text" id="Name" /> <input type="text" id="Phone" /><input type="text" id="Phone" /> </fieldset></fieldset> <fieldset><fieldset> <legend>Order Details</legend><legend>Order Details</legend> <input type="text" id="Quantity" /><input type="text" id="Quantity" /> <textarea cols="40" rows="10"<textarea cols="40" rows="10" id="Remarks"></textarea> id="Remarks"></textarea> </fieldset></fieldset></form></form>

Form Input Controls Checkboxes:

Radio buttons:

Radio buttons can be grouped, allowing only one to be selected from a group:

79

<input type="checkbox" name="fruit" <input type="checkbox" name="fruit" value="apple" />value="apple" />

<input type="radio" name="title" <input type="radio" name="title" value="Mr." />value="Mr." />

<input type="radio" name="<input type="radio" name="citycity" value="Lom" " value="Lom" />/><input type="radio" name="<input type="radio" name="citycity" " value="Ruse" />value="Ruse" />

Other Form Controls

Dropdown menus:

Submit button:

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<select name="gender"><select name="gender"> <option value="Value 1"<option value="Value 1" selected="selected">Male</option>selected="selected">Male</option> <option value="Value 2">Female</option><option value="Value 2">Female</option> <option value="Value 3">Other</option><option value="Value 3">Other</option></select></select>

<input type="submit" name="submitBtn" <input type="submit" name="submitBtn" value="Apply Now" />value="Apply Now" />

Other Form Controls (2)

Reset button – brings the form to its initial state

Image button – acts like submit but image is displayed and click coordinates are sent

Ordinary button – used for Javascript, no default action

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<input type="reset" name="resetBtn" <input type="reset" name="resetBtn" value="Reset the form" />value="Reset the form" />

<input type="image" src="submit.gif" <input type="image" src="submit.gif" name="submitBtn" alt="Submit" />name="submitBtn" alt="Submit" />

<input type="button" value="click me" /><input type="button" value="click me" />


Password input – a text field which masks the entered text with * signs

Multiple select field – displays the list of items in multiple lines, instead of one

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<input type="password" name="pass" /><input type="password" name="pass" />

<select name="products" <select name="products" multiple="multiple">multiple="multiple"> <option value="Value 1"<option value="Value 1" selected="selected">keyboard</option>selected="selected">keyboard</option> <option value="Value 2">mouse</option><option value="Value 2">mouse</option> <option value="Value <option value="Value 3">speakers</option>3">speakers</option></select></select>


File input – a field used for uploading files

When used, it requires the form element to have a specific attribute:

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<input type="file" name="photo" /><input type="file" name="photo" />

<form enctype="multipart/form-data"><form enctype="multipart/form-data">...... <input type="file" name="photo" /><input type="file" name="photo" />......</form></form>

Labels

Form labels are used to associate an explanatory text to a form field using the field's ID.

Clicking on a label focuses its associated field (checkboxes are toggled, radio buttons are checked)

Labels are both a usability and accessibility feature and are required in order to pass accessibility validation.

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<label for="fn">First Name</label><label for="fn">First Name</label><input type="text" id="fn" /><input type="text" id="fn" />

HTML Forms – Example

85

<form method="post" action="apply-now.php"><form method="post" action="apply-now.php"> <input name="subject" type="hidden" value="Class" /><input name="subject" type="hidden" value="Class" /> <fieldset><legend>Academic information</legend><fieldset><legend>Academic information</legend> <label for="degree">Degree</label><label for="degree">Degree</label> <select name="degree" id="degree"><select name="degree" id="degree"> <option value="BA">Bachelor of Art</option><option value="BA">Bachelor of Art</option> <option value="BS">Bachelor of Science</option><option value="BS">Bachelor of Science</option> <option value="MBA" selected="selected">Master of<option value="MBA" selected="selected">Master of Business Administration</option>Business Administration</option> </select></select> <br /><br /> <label for="studentid">Student ID</label><label for="studentid">Student ID</label> <input type="password" name="studentid" /><input type="password" name="studentid" /> </fieldset></fieldset> <fieldset><legend>Personal Details</legend><fieldset><legend>Personal Details</legend> <label for="fname">First Name</label><label for="fname">First Name</label> <input type="text" name="fname" id="fname" /><input type="text" name="fname" id="fname" /> <br /><br /> <label for="lname">Last Name</label><label for="lname">Last Name</label> <input type="text" name="lname" id="lname" /><input type="text" name="lname" id="lname" />

form.htmlform.html

HTML Forms – Example (2)

86

<br /><br /> Gender: Gender: <input name="gender" type="radio" id="gm" <input name="gender" type="radio" id="gm" value="m" />value="m" /> <label for="gm">Male</label><label for="gm">Male</label> <input name="gender" type="radio" id="gf" <input name="gender" type="radio" id="gf" value="f" />value="f" /> <label for="gf">Female</label><label for="gf">Female</label> <br /><br /> <label for="email">Email</label><label for="email">Email</label> <input type="text" name="email" id="email" /><input type="text" name="email" id="email" /> </fieldset></fieldset> <p><p> <textarea name="terms" cols="30" rows="4"<textarea name="terms" cols="30" rows="4" readonly="readonly">TERMS AND readonly="readonly">TERMS AND CONDITIONS...</textarea>CONDITIONS...</textarea> </p></p> <p><p> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send Form" />Form" /> <input type="reset" value="Clear Form" /><input type="reset" value="Clear Form" /> </p></p></form></form>

form.html (continued)form.html (continued)

form.html (continued)form.html (continued)HTML Forms – Example (3)

87

TabIndex

The tabindex HTML attribute controls the order in which form fields and hyperlinks are focused when repeatedly pressing the TAB key tabindex="0" (zero) - "natural" order If X > Y, then elements with tabindex="X"

are iterated before elements with tabindex="Y"

Elements with negative tabindex are skipped, however, this is not defined in the standard

88

<input type="text" tabindex="10" /><input type="text" tabindex="10" />

<frameset>, <frame> and <iframe>

HTML Frames

Frames provide a way to show multiple HTML documents in a single Web page

The page can be split into separate views (frames) horizontally and vertically

Frames were popular in the early ages of HTML development, but now their usage is rejected

Frames are not supported by all user agents (browsers, search engines, etc.) A <noframes> element is used to provide

content for non-compatible agents.90

HTML Frames – Demo

91

<html><html>

<head><title>Frames Example</title></head><head><title>Frames Example</title></head>

<frameset cols="180px,*,150px"><frameset cols="180px,*,150px"> <frame src="left.html" /><frame src="left.html" /> <frame src="middle.html" /><frame src="middle.html" /> <frame src="right.html" /><frame src="right.html" /> </frameset></frameset>

</html></html>

frames.htframes.htmlml

Note the Note the targettarget attribute attribute applied to the applied to the <a><a> elements in elements in the left frame.the left frame.

Inline Frames: <iframe>

Inline frames provide a way to show one website inside another website:

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<iframe name="iframeGoogle" width="600" <iframe name="iframeGoogle" width="600" height="400" src="http://www.google.com" height="400" src="http://www.google.com" frameborder="yes" scrolling="yes"></iframe>frameborder="yes" scrolling="yes"></iframe>

iframe-iframe-demo.htmldemo.html

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