Docker for PHP Developers - ZendCon 2016

ZendCon, October 2016 1

Docker for PHP DevelopersChris Tankersley@dragonmantankZendCon 2016, October 2016


What Is Docker?“Docker is an open platform for developers and sysadmins to build, ship, and run distributed applications. Consisting of Docker Engine, a portable, lightweight runtime and packaging tool, and Docker Hub, a cloud service for sharing applications and automating workflows, Docker enables apps to be quickly assembled from components and eliminates the friction between development, QA, and production environments.”

https://www.docker.com/whatisdocker/


Containers


Normal Bare-Metal Server

CPU RAM HD Network

Operating System

nginx PHP DB


Virtual Machines

CPU RAM HD Network

Operating System

nginx PHP DB

Operating System

nginx PHP DB

Operating System

Hypervisor


Containers

CPU RAM HD Network

Operating System

nginxnginx PHP DB PHP DB


Containers Are Not New• LXC (Linux Containers)• OpenVZ• Systemd-nspawn• Qemu/kvm• BSD Jails• Solaris Zones• chroot


Docker is an Ecosystem

Docker Engine


Docker is an Ecosystem

Docker ComposeDocker Machine Docker Swarm


How does it work?

Uses a variety of existingContainer technologies

Server ContainersHyper-V Containers xhyve Virtualization


Sorry OSX < 10.10 and Windows < 10 Users

Docker Toolbox


Let’s use Docker


Running a container• `docker run` will run a container• This will not restart an existing container, just create a new one• docker run [options] IMAGE [command] [arguments]• [options ]modify the docker process for this container• IMAGE is the image to use• [command] is the command to run inside the container• [arguments] are arguments for the command


Running a simple shell






What’s Going On?

Ubuntu Kernel

/+ bin/+ etc/+ dev/+ home/+ usr/+ var/+ lib/+ …

nginx

bash

/+ bin/+ etc/+ dev/+ home/+ usr/+ var/+ lib/+ …

php


Running Two Webservers
















Some Notes• All three containers are 100% self contained• Docker containers share common ancestors, but keep their own files• `docker run` parameters:• --rm – Destroy a container once it exits• -d – Run in the background (daemon mode)• -i – Run in interactive mode• --name – Give the container a name• -p [local port]:[container port] – Forward the local port to the container port


Volumes


Modifying a running container• `docker exec` can run a command inside of an existing container• Use Volumes to share data


Persistent Data with Volumes• You can designate a volume with –v• Create a named volume with `volume create`• Volumes can be shared amongst containers• Volumes can mount data from the host system


Mounting from the host machine










Mounting from the host isn’t perfect• The container now has a window into your host machine• Permissions can get screwy if you are modifying in the container• Most things it creates will be root by default, and you probably aren’t root on

the host machine

• Host-mounted volumes are not portable at all• OSX and Hyper-V VMs have limited pathings to mount• OSX has poor I/O performance


Named Data Volumes• Creates a space that becomes persistent• Can be mounted anywhere inside your images• Have our app containers use the data volume to store data• Use ‘editor containers’ to go in and modify data when needed


Mounting Data Volumes












Why go through the hassle?• Data volumes are portable, depending on the driver• Data volumes are safer• Separates the app containers from data• Production can use a data volume, dev can use a host volume

• Our app containers stay small• Works directly with other tools


Network Linking


Docker Links• Allows containers to ‘see’ each other over the network• Each container thinks the other one is just another machine• Containers all have an internal network address, so we don’t need to

expose everything through the host• Legacy Links work with `--link`• Can set up virtual networks


More Traditional Setup

INTARWEBS Nginx PHP-FPM

Data Volume

Port 9000

Editor














Let’s Build It


Let’s Build It


Let’s Build It


Let’s Build It


Let’s Build It


More Notes!• We can now rebuild sections of the app as needed• We can restart nginx without impacting PHP• We can extend much easier

• Docker 1.12 has added a whole bunch of new stuff


BREAK TIME! WOO!


Other Helpful Commands


Inspect a containerdocker inspect [options] CONTAINER_NAME

• Returns a JSON string with data about the container• Can also query• docker inspect -f “{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}” web_server

• Really handy for scripting out things like reverse proxies


Work with images• docker pull IMAGE – Pulls down an image before using• docker images – Lists all the images that are downloaded• docker rmi IMAGE – Deletes an image if it’s not being used


Our Goals• Not change our workflow (much)• Run PHP 7, Unit Tests, and webserver• Deploy “easily”


Containerizing Commands


Running Composerdocker run --rm \ -v c:/Users/drago/.composer:/root/.composer \ -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop:/app \ -v c:/Users/drago/.ssh:/root/.ssh \ composer/composer \ require phpunit/phpunit


Functions!function docker-composer() { appname=$(basename `pwd -P`) appname="${appname/-/}" imagename='composer/composer' output=$(docker images | grep "${appname}_composer") if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then imagename="${appname}_composer" fi docker run --rm -v ~/.composer:/root/.composer -v $(pwd):/app -v ~/.ssh:/root/.ssh $imagename $*}


Add our code to the autloader{ "require": { "phpunit/phpunit": "^5.5" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "DemoApp\\": "src/" } }}


Run our appdocker run -d --name phptest \ -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop/:/app \ -w /app/html \ -p 8080:80 \ php:cli \ php -S 0.0.0.0:80


Unit Test our Codedocker run --rm -ti \ -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop/:/app -w /app php:cli vendor/bin/phpunit -c phpunit.dist.xml


Docker Compose


What is Docker Compose?• Multi-container orchestration• A single config file holds all of your container info• Works with Docker Swarm and a few other tools, like Rancher


Sample docker-compose.ymlversion: ‘2’

volumes: mysqldata: driver: local

phpserver: build: ./docker/php volumes: - ./:/var/www/

mysqlserver: image: mysql environment: MYSQL_DATABASE: dockerfordevs MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: docker volumes: - mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql

nginx: build: ./docker/nginx ports: - "80:80" - "443:443"


Creating your own Images


Dockerfile• Dockerfile is the configuration steps for an image• Can be created from scratch, or based on another image• Allows you to add files, create default volumes, ports, etc• Can be used privately or pushed to Docker Hub


FROM php:7RUN apt-get update \ && apt-get install –y \ libmcrypt-dev \ libpng12-dev \ libfreetype6-dev \ libjpeg62-turbo-dev \ && docker-php-ext-install iconv mcrypt pdo pdo_mysql

COPY build/app /var/www# …EXPOSE 80 443VOLUME /var/wwwVOLUME /var/log

RUN apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*


Build itdocker build -t tag_name ./

• This runs through the Dockerfile and generates the image• We can now use the tag name to run the image


Add in some Compose


Start the app with Compose


Docker Machine


What is Docker Machine?• A provisioning tool that is used to set up a box with Docker• Used in Docker Toolbox to create the VM• Supports:• EC2• Azure• Digital Ocean• Hyper-V• OpenStack• Virtualbox• VMWare


Why use it?• Makes it very easy to spin up new boxes• Docker Machine handles all of the dirty stuff for you• Docker Toolbox users are already using it• Integrates with Docker Swarm

• It is not necessarily portable


Let’s make a machine!


Let’s Connect!


Thank You!• Software Engineer for InQuest• Author of “Docker for Developers”• https://leanpub.com/dockerfordevs

• Co-Host of “Jerks Talk Games”• http://jerkstalkgames

• http://ctankersley.com• [email protected]• @dragonmantank

https://leanpub.com/dockerfordevs

https://leanpub.com/dockerfordevs

http://ctankersley.com/

mailto:[email protected]

Technology

Docker for PHP Developers - ZendCon 2016