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Creep Deformation in lead/tin solder.
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CREEP DEFORMATION
By: Nikolas Anthony Bryan-Dunaway
In Engineering Materials
OUTLINE
Purpose Statement Introduction (1-3)Materials & Methods (1-3)Analysis (1-3)Conclusions
What Is
Next?
OUTLINE
Purpose Statement Introduction (1-3)Materials & Methods (1-3)Analysis (1-3)Conclusions
Why Read This?
PURPOSE STATEMENT
The purpose of this presentation is to familiarize you as an up and, coming engineer, with the concept of creep deformation in engineering materials. Common
creep testing machines
OUTLINE
Purpose Statement Introduction (1-3)Materials & Methods (1-3)Analysis (1-3)Conclusions
Creep Deformation Defined
INTRODUCTION (1/3)
Question:
What is Creep Deformation?
Answer: Creep deformation is a naturally occurring situation where a material becomes stretched, or deformed, by being subjected to constant forces at a given temperature. It is a function of changing strain over time.Guitar Strings
Become Detuned after initially being strung because of creep deformation.
INTRODUCTION (2/3)
First, lets define strain.
Strain, in engineering, can be defined as the direct proportionality of the change in dimension and the inverse proportionality of its original dimension such that:
New Dimension –
Original Dimension
Original Dimension Strain
INTRODUCTION (3/3)
A graphic representation of creep. -The Stages of Creep-
Stage 3: “Necking”- the strain becomes exponential because of “necking”, or, the rapid reduction in cross sectional area.
Stage 2: Linear strain- Strain increases at fixed rate due to work hardening (becoming stronger under stress) and annealing (thermal softening) which happen simultaneously throughout portions of the material.
Stage 1: Initial Strain- Material is “strain loaded” which seems to be almost instantaneous after which the strain rate begins to drop off.
OUTLINE
Purpose Statement Introduction (1-3)Materials & Methods (1-3)Analysis (1-3)Conclusions
A Case In
Study
MATERIALS & METHODS (1/3)
We conducted our own creep test. This is what we used to perform the experiment:Materials:
1. 24-30in, 0.093 Gauge Solder Wire, 60% Tin-40% Lead (2)2. 1200g Weight (1)3. 1500g Weight (1)4. Wooden Dowel (1)5. Work Shop Tool Mounting Hooks (4)6. Workshop Tool Mounting Board (1)7. Yard Rulers (2)
MATERIALS & METHODS (2/3)
•We started by hanging the wooden dowel on the mounting hooks that were fixed to the board
Step 1
•We then fixed two pieces of wire to the dowel by winding the material around it.
Step 2
•Finally we set two yard rulers parallel to each wire and fixed them in place by tape.
Step 3
•We marked two gauge points on the wire within the rulers measurable area and attached the weights at the ends of the wires.
Step 4
Wooden Dowel
Mounting Hooks
Solder Wire
Yard Ruler
1200g Weight
1500g Weight
Mounting Board
Gauge points at which to calculate change in length.
-Experiment Setup-
MATERIALS & METHODS (3/3)
We let the samples sit for a couple of weeks. The
experiment took place indoors at room temperature.
We took measurements by reading the measurement
coinciding with the marks and subtracting the two to
get our change in length. We repeated this process a
few times during the day. After finishing, we plotted
the data and determined the wires creep deformation
graphically. We measured the time since the start of
the experiment in cumulative minutes.
OUTLINE
Purpose Statement Introduction (1-3)Materials & Methods (1-3)Analysis (1-3)Conclusions
Graphical Interpretatio
n
Analysis (1/3)
After conducting the
experiment we saw
that our graph looked a
lot like the graph at the
beginning of the
presentation. Look at
the graph again. 1.0001.5002.0002.5003.0003.5004.0004.5000.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
CREEP OF 60%Sn-40%Pb SOLDER w/1200g Weight
CREEP CURVE
LOG (TIME,MIN)
STRA
IN (Δ
L/Lo
)
Analysis (2/3)
1.0001.5002.0002.5003.0003.5004.0004.5000.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
CREEP OF 60%Sn-40%Pb SOLDER w/1200g Weight
CREEP CURVE
LOG (TIME,MIN)
STRA
IN (Δ
L/Lo
)
Analysis (3/3)
Our graph is missing stage 1
of the creep deformation.
The reason for this is
because this stage happens
very rapidly, especially in a
material like solder, and we
were unable to record the
early stage of creep. 1.0001.5002.0002.5003.0003.5004.0004.5000.000
0.100
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
CREEP OF 60%Sn-40%Pb SOLDER w/1200g Weight
CREEP CURVE
LOG (TIME,MIN)
STRA
IN (Δ
L/Lo
)
OUTLINE
Purpose Statement Introduction (1-3)Materials & Methods (1-3)Analysis (1-3)Conclusions
And so…
CONCLUSIONThis presentation was created to provide other
engineers with a familiarization of creep deformation.
In the process of experimenting and recording data on
the test samples, I believe we achieved that. Creep
deformation is fundamentally important in the use and
assignment of engineering materials to projects when
time is important. Creep deformation can be defined
by the deformation of a material at a constant
temperature while under constant forces.
THE END
REFERENCES Buddinski, K., & Buddinski, M. (2010). Engineering
Materials: Properties And Selection. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.
Horton, H., Jones, F., Oberg, E., & Ryffel, H. (2008). Machinery's Handbook: 28th Ed. New York: Industrial Press.
Kopeliovich, D. D. (2009, Febuary 3). Creep. Retrieved November 7, 2010, from substech.com: http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=creep
Wikipedia.org. (2010, October 15). Creep (deformation). Retrieved November 7, 2010, from Wikipedia.org: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creep_(deformation)