1.Climate, Technology, and GovernanceGroup 3 Presenters:Ryan RadcliffeBobby KhondkerMatt BrownChristine Stoddard

2. Climate, Technology,and GovernancePath to Success GlobalizationsNegative Effects Environmental Degradation Geoengineering is a Tool Governance is the Solution The Future is in our hands 3. Climate, Technology,and GovernanceThe Globalization Effect 4. Climate, Technology,and GovernanceEnvironmental Degradation Water Pollution Less than 3% of the Worlds water is usable Water contamination Chain effect of Global Warming Soil Pollution Globalization hastens Erosion & Deforestation Waste-dumping, pesticides & fertilizers Air Pollution Greenhouse gas emissions Effect on the Ozone Layer 5. Climate, Technology,and GovernanceGeoengineeringlarge-scale engineering of our environment in order tocombat or counteract the effects of changes inatmospheric chemistry - National Academy of SciencesGeoengineering Approaches Carbon Sequestration/Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Solar Radiation Management (SRM) 6. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceCDR ApproachesLand Based Ocean BasedEnhanced Air Capture CO2WeatheringOceanic UpwellingOcean Fertilization or Down welling(Olivine)(Artificial Trees) 7. Climate, Technology,and GovernanceArtificial Trees Brain child of Columbia University Professor Claus Lackner. In one day, each tree capture same amount of CO2emitted by 20 vehicles "This is an industry still in its infancy and will eventually rival(Artificialthe size of todays energy markets." Billy Gridley of GlobalResearch Technologies ) (OlivineTrees) 8. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceSolar Radiation Management Reduce incidence and absorption of solar radiation Sunlight is reflected/divertedDesert Reflectors Surface Albedo Ocean AlbedoCloud AlbedoStratospheric AerosolsSpace Based 9. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceCloud Albedo Projectfunded by Bill Gates Machines spray seawater 3,000 feet into air The machines are developed by Silver Lining,based in San Francisco 10. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceStratospheric Aerosols Approach similar to the effects of Volcanic Eruption ofMount Pinatubo (Philippines) in 1991. Mount Pinatubos various gases reached 21 miles highinto the atmosphere within two hours of the eruption. The aerosol cloud spread around the earth in twoweeks and covered the planet within a year. The entire planet was cooled 0.4 to 0.5C. 11. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceStratospheric AerosolsMount Pinatubo Eruption Geoengineered release of Aerosols 12. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceSpace-based Techniques Positioning Sun Shields in space to reflector deflect solar radiation Where (L1)? How many? Design? Deployment? 13. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceMethod Comparison 14. Climate, Technology,and GovernanceWhat we have seen Technologies have been presented that addresswhat to do. The Challenge is how to execute themcorrectly droplet size, type of aerosol, mirrorconfiguration etc. Disruptive technologies also exist that have provenhow to execute the technology. Our challengenow is : what to do about it. 15. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceGreat Power, Great Responsibility 16. Climate, Technology,and GovernanceGovernance Kyoto Protocol initiated in 1997 Adaptation Mitigation Modest emission-reduction targets are missed Countermeasures (geoengineering) needed 17. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceGovernance No treaty explicitly addresses Geoengineering 2009 Royal Society report Existing national land use planning and environmental controls are likely to be applicable 1972 London Convention on Marine Dumping 18. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceGovernance Models Unilateral ConsortiumInternationalDecision Making: FastestFastSlowestLegitimacy:LeastMoreMostCost Sharing:LeastMoreMost Unilateral Unlikely unless already feeling the dramatic results Consortium Most likely for research and advocacy International Most likely 19. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceGovernance Requirements Policy and budget guidelines Cost sharing and technology transferstrategies Dispute settlement, compensation and liability Answer difficult questions Which strategies should be researched/implemented? Balance global warming and side effects? Take the edge off or substitute for mitigation? Long term solution or emergency measure? 20. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceGovernance UNFCCCBest candidate for InternationalGovernance Significance between Protocol and UNFCCC Encouraged vs Committed Protocol Mechanisms Protocol Goals 21. Climate, Technology, and GovernanceConclusion Technology & Governance Battling ClimateChange Like most technologies Regulation isnecessary Geoengineering capable of significantpositive or negative impacts Ethical Positions vs Reality 22. Climate, Technology,and GovernanceConclusion Winning the Battle against Climate Change We have the ability to question & understandthe problem We have the ability to solve the problem Tech & Globalization the tools that caused the problem served as the vehicle for increased industrial activity the same tools will fix the problem 23. Climate, Technology,and GovernanceConclusion Geoengineering Not the only answer Part of the solution Combined w/ Governance & Commitment Reversing the effects of Climate Change 24. Climate, Technology,and GovernanceGovernance KyotoQ&AProtocol/UNFCCC