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INTRODUCTION BASH

Bash Introduction

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Introduction to the Unix command line. André Santos & Francisco Neves

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Page 1: Bash Introduction

INTRODUCTION BASH

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ANDRÉ SANTOS

FRANCISCO NEVES62Gerente [email protected] andre-santos.pt

francisconeves [email protected] francisconeves.com

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UNIX BASED SYSTEMS

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UNIX BASED SYSTEMS STABILITY PERFORMANCE SCALABILITY COMPATIBILITY PRICE

VS WINDOWS

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BASH?‣WHAT DOES IT MEAN?‣ADVANTAGES?

WHAT IS

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BASH?‣AUTOCOMPLETE‣MAN PAGES‣CLEAR SCREEN

HOW TO DEAL WITH

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COMMANDSSOME REQUIRED

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LIST ls-a

-l

ALL FILESLONG FORMAT

MAKEDIRECTORY mkdir [OPT] DIR

-p MAKE PARENTS

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CHANGEDIRECTORY cd PATH

. CURRENT DIR

~

.. PARENT DIRHOME DIR

PRINT WORKINGDIRECTORY pwd

CREATE EMPTY FILE touch FILE

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COPY cp [OPT] FROM TO

MOVE ORRENAME mv FROM TO

-r COPY DIRECTORIES RECURSIVELY

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REMOVE rm [OPT] FILE

REMOVEDIRECTORY rmdir [OPT] DIR

-r RECURSIVELY REMOVE DIRECTORIES-f FORCE

-p PARENTS

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CONCATENATEAND PRINT FILES cat [OPT] FILES

less [OPT] FILE-N NUMBER THE OUTPUT LINES

VIEW FILE

-l NUMBER THE OUTPUT LINES

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FREQUENT COMMANDSLESSKey COMMANDSpace NEXT PAGE

b PREVIOUS PAGE

j NEXT LINE

k PREVIOUS LINE

g FIRST LINE

G LAST LINE

<n>G LINE <n>

Key COMMAND/<text> FOWARD SEARCH FOR <TEXT>

?<text> BACKWARD SEARCH FOR <TEXT>

n NEXT SEARCH MATCH

N PREVIOUS SEARCH MATCH

= FILE INFORMATION

h HELP

q QUIT

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DISPLAYFIRST LINES head [OPT] FILE

tail [OPT] FILE-n LAST N LINES

-n FIRST N LINES

DISPLAYLAST LINES

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PRINT LINES MATCHING A PATTERNgrep [OPT] PATTERN [FILE...]

-c DISPLAY THE NUMBER OF MATCHED LINES-i IGNORE CASE SENSITIVITY-l DISPLAY THE FILENAMES-n DISPLAY THE LINE NUMBERS-w MATCH WHOLE WORD

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WORD COUNTwc [OPT] FILE

-l LINE COUNT-c BYTE COUNT-m CHARACTER COUNT-w WORD COUNT

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COMMANDSCTRL-KEY

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KILL PROCESS CTRL + C

STOP PROCESS CTRL + Z

END OF FILE CTRL + D

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REDIRECTIONI/O

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COMMAND > FILE

REDIRECT STDOUT TO A FILE

OVERWRITECOMMAND >> FILE

REDIRECT STDIN TO A FILE

APPEND

COMMAND < FILE

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COMMAND1 | COMMAND2 | COMMAND3

REDIRECT THE OUTPUT FROM ONE COMMAND AS INPUT TO THE NEXT ONE

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WILDCARDS

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WHAT AREWILDCARDS?

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*

? ANY SINGLE CHARACTER

ANY NUMBER OF CHARACTERS

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SECURITYSYSTEM AND

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PERMISSIONSUNIX

sudo [OPT] [USER] COMMAND

ALLOWS USERS TO RUN PROGRAMS WITH THE SECURITY PRIVILEGES OF ANOTHER USER

NORMALLY THE ROOT

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PERMISSIONSUNIXuuu ggg ooo

useruseruser groupgroupgroup othersothersothers

r w x r w x r w x

4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1

a = all

7

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CHANGE PERMISSIONSchmod [OPT] MODE FILE

-R RECURSIVELY

+rx

g-w

777

READ AND EXECUTE FOR ALL

DENY WRITE ACESS FOR GROUP

READ, WRITE AND EXECUTE FOR ALL

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PROCESSESUNIXCOMMAND & RUN PROCESS ON BACKGROUND

jobs BACKGROUND OR SUSPENDED PROCESSES

kill SIGNAL PROCESS SEND SIGNAL TO A PROCESS

killall PROCESS KILL PROCESS BY NAME

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top

DISPLAY TOP CPU PROCESSES

ps

REPORTS THE PROCESS STATUS

-e

FULL LISTINGALL PROCESSES

-f

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LEASTLAST BUT NOT

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history -c CLEAR

LAST COMMANDS USED

time COMMANDTIME COMMAND EXECUTION

diffCOMPARE FILES LINE BY LINE

!* LAST MATCHED COMMAND

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WALK A FILE HIERARCHY

find PATH [OPT] [EXPRESSION]

-name FIND BY NAME-size FIND BY SIZE-iname CASE INSENSITIVE MODE

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