Uttarakhand: A Tragedy,A Lesson

ORJust An Incident

Uttarakhand: A Tragedy,A Lesson

ORJust An Incident

Tapas Kumar Ghatak, GeophysicistSpatial Planning Expert,Former Director , KMDA ,Dept of UD GOWBand JICA Waste Management ProjectSr GIS consultant, UNICEF, World Bank , DFID

Seismic Zone Intensity on MMI scale % of total area

II (Low intensity zone) VI (or less) 43%

III (Moderate intensity zone) VII 27%

IV (Severe intensity zone) VIII 18%

V (Very severe intensity zone) IX (and above) 12%

Kedarnath Badrinath

Gongotri

JOSHIMATH

Tributaries

- left Saraswati, Dhauliganga, Nandakini,Pindar

- right Mandakini

Source Confluence of SatopanthGlacier and Bhagirathi KharakGlacier

- elevation 3,880 m (12,730 ft)

Sourceconfluence

Bhagirathi River

Source Gaumukh (gou, cow+ mukh, face), about18 km (11.2 mi) from thetown of Gangotri

- elevation 3,892 m (12,769 ft)

Source confluence Alaknanda River

Mouth Ganges

- location Devprayag, Uttarakhand,India

Alakanada Basin catchment Bhagirathi basin catchment

Sourceconfluence

Bhagirathi River

Mouth Ganges

- location Devprayag, Uttarakhand, India

- elevation 475 m (1,558 ft)

Length 190 km (118 mi)

Basin 10,882 km2 (4,202 sq mi)

Discharge

- average 439.36 m3/s (15,516 cu ft/s)

- elevation 475 m (1,558 ft)

Length 205 km (127 mi)

Basin 6,921 km2 (2,672 sq mi)

Discharge

- average 257.78 m3/s (9,103 cuft/s)

- max 3,800 m3/s (134,196 cuft/s)

Sample catchment in a Hilly River

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Duration minute

Few prominent Cloud burst

0 Rainfall in inches

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Person killed in cloud burst/flood

0

2000

4000

6000

Killed

Vehicles on road to Badrinath

Pilgrimages arriving in Badrinath from 1990 to 2012

Pilgrimages arriving in Kedarnath from1990 to 2012

Kedarnath Shrine underwater

Why is Uttarkhand so disaster prone?

• Weather forecast to predict sudden cloudbursts is missing.

• Government has failed to control illegal construction ofhouses on the river bed.

• Bumper to bumper dams every 18Km apart. 70+ hydropowerprojects on river Ganges tributaries.

• Constant digging to construct hydroelectric plants results indeforestation and landslides.

• Poor roads in Uttarkhand

• Weather forecast to predict sudden cloudbursts is missing.

• Government has failed to control illegal construction ofhouses on the river bed.

• Bumper to bumper dams every 18Km apart. 70+ hydropowerprojects on river Ganges tributaries.

• Constant digging to construct hydroelectric plants results indeforestation and landslides.

• Poor roads in Uttarkhand

What could be added to the List• Poor Mobile connectivity in almost 70% of the valley• No Cell Phone Charging facility by alternative source in

case of prolong Power failure• No data base for the tourists/ pilgrimages/vehicles

between May-September• Un controlled increase in tourist, going beyond carrying

capacity• No community interface in the entire system like contact

No, Name of the person etc in every 5-10 Km in the YatraRoute.

• Special care team for Senior citizen en routeAll of them could be done and executed

• Poor Mobile connectivity in almost 70% of the valley• No Cell Phone Charging facility by alternative source in

case of prolong Power failure• No data base for the tourists/ pilgrimages/vehicles

between May-September• Un controlled increase in tourist, going beyond carrying

capacity• No community interface in the entire system like contact

No, Name of the person etc in every 5-10 Km in the YatraRoute.

• Special care team for Senior citizen en routeAll of them could be done and executed

Looking into East

Darjeeling

Land Slide in Darjeeling ,25 Aug 2011

Darjeeling after Image analysis

DARJEELING DISTRICTDARJEELING DISTRICTBLOCKS OF DARJEELING DISTRICTBLOCKS OF DARJEELING DISTRICTGP OF DARJEELING DISTRICTGP OF DARJEELING DISTRICTRIVER OF DARJEELING DISTRICTRIVER OF DARJEELING DISTRICTNATIONAL HIGHWAY OFNATIONAL HIGHWAY OFDARJEELING DISTRICTDARJEELING DISTRICTTOWN OF DARJEELING DISTRICTTOWN OF DARJEELING DISTRICTRAILWAY TRACK OF DARJEELINGRAILWAY TRACK OF DARJEELING

DISTRICTDISTRICTOTHERS ROAD OF DARJEELINGOTHERS ROAD OF DARJEELING

DISTRICTDISTRICTJHORA OF DARJEELING DISTRICTJHORA OF DARJEELING DISTRICTLANDSLIDE OF DARJEELINGLANDSLIDE OF DARJEELINGDISTRICTDISTRICT

KURSEONG BLOCK OF DARJEELING DISTRICTKURSEONG BLOCK OF DARJEELING DISTRICT

KURSEONG BLOCK OF DARJEELING DISTRICTKURSEONG BLOCK OF DARJEELING DISTRICTELEVATION MODEL OF KURSEONG BLOCK OFELEVATION MODEL OF KURSEONG BLOCK OFDARJEELING DISTRICTDARJEELING DISTRICT

Integration of physical parameters for development of Darjeeling Hills

R.C : Rock Competency 1: GOOD, 2: MODERATE, 3: LESS, 4:POOR, 5:DISTURBED, 6: THRUST

R.F : Rain Fall 1:MODERATE, 2: GOOD, 3: HEAVY,4:VERY HEAVY

L.U : LAND USE F: FOREST, T: TEA, M.P: MEDICAL PLANT, O: OTHER USE , L.S: LAND SLIDE

CRITICAL AREAS NON-CRITICAL AREAS

Lat/Long Grid R.C R. F L.U MajorDrainage

Majorroad

Imp.Place

ReliefRangein ft.

Remark

8800- 88052705- 2710

A5 1 2 F NIL Phedigaon-Sabargram

PalutSabargram

10000-12000

880- 88052710- 2715

A6 1 1,2 F Siri khola NIL ThakhamPhedigaonSandakphu

8000-12000

8805- 88102655- 2700

B3 1 2 O,F Rangbongnala

Sukhiapokri-Mirik,Mirik-

Pokribong

SukiapokriDebrepamRangbong

Mirik

4000-7000

8805- 88102700- 2705

B4 1 1,2 O, F NIL NIL DangiabazarSingbong

6000-8000

8805- 88102705- 2710

B5 1 1,2 O, F, LS Lodhomakhola

Budhuwari-Phedigaon

RimbikBudhiwariPhedigaon

3000-9000

8805- 88102710- 2715

B6 1 1 F RammanRivar

NIL Ramman 8000-10000

880- 88052650- 2655

C2 13,4,5

2 T, F Rangbongnala

Mirik-Panighata

MirikManjwaTingling

3000-6000

Integration of physical parameters for development of Darjeeling Hills

R.C : Rock Competency 1: GOOD, 2: MODERATE, 3: LESS, 4:POOR, 5:DISTURBED, 6: THRUST

R.F : Rain Fall 1:MODERATE, 2: GOOD, 3: HEAVY,4:VERY HEAVY

L.U : LAND USE F: FOREST, T: TEA, M.P: MEDICAL PLANT, O: OTHER USE , L.S: LAND SLIDE

CRITICAL AREAS NON-CRITICAL AREAS

Lat/Long Grid R.C R. F L.U MajorDrainage

Majorroad

Imp.Place

ReliefRangein ft.

Remark

8800- 88052705- 2710

A5 1 2 F NIL Phedigaon-Sabargram

PalutSabargram

10000-12000

880- 88052710- 2715

A6 1 1,2 F Siri khola NIL ThakhamPhedigaonSandakphu

8000-12000

8805- 88102655- 2700

B3 1 2 O,F Rangbongnala

Sukhiapokri-Mirik,Mirik-

Pokribong

SukiapokriDebrepamRangbong

Mirik

4000-7000

8805- 88102700- 2705

B4 1 1,2 O, F NIL NIL DangiabazarSingbong

6000-8000

8805- 88102705- 2710

B5 1 1,2 O, F, LS Lodhomakhola

Budhuwari-Phedigaon

RimbikBudhiwariPhedigaon

3000-9000

8805- 88102710- 2715

B6 1 1 F RammanRivar

NIL Ramman 8000-10000

880- 88052650- 2655

C2 13,4,5

2 T, F Rangbongnala

Mirik-Panighata

MirikManjwaTingling

3000-6000

DEVELOPMENT AREAS AS DERIVED FROM PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF DARJEELING HILL AREA , WEST BENGAL

1 AREA FOR ECO TOURISM 4 NEEDS RESTRICTION IN DEVELOPEMENT

2 FUTURE DEVELOPEMENT 5 DELICATE AREA, NEEDS MONITORING( IMMEDIATE PRIORITY}

3 CONTROLLED DEVELOPEMENT 6 NEEDS MONITORING

88 00 5 110 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5015

10 10

5

27

5

27

00 00

55 55

50 50

88 00 5 110 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

C5 D5 E5

C2

H6

G5 H5

D2

E3

E4 F4

F5

F3 G3 H3 I3

H4 I4 J4 K4

I5 J5 K5

B3 C3 D3

G4

E2

C4 D4

I2

A6 B6

A5 B5

B4

DEVELOPMENT AREAS AS DERIVED FROM PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF DARJEELING HILL AREA , WEST BENGAL

1 AREA FOR ECO TOURISM 4 NEEDS RESTRICTION IN DEVELOPEMENT

2 FUTURE DEVELOPEMENT 5 DELICATE AREA, NEEDS MONITORING( IMMEDIATE PRIORITY}

3 CONTROLLED DEVELOPEMENT 6 NEEDS MONITORING

88 00 5 110 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5015

10 10

5

27

5

27

00 00

55 55

50 50

88 00 5 110 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

C5 D5 E5

C2

H6

G5 H5

D2

E3

E4 F4

F5

F3 G3 H3 I3

H4 I4 J4 K4

I5 J5 K5

B3 C3 D3

G4

E2

C4 D4

I2

A6 B6

A5 B5

B4

SIKKIM

BH

UTA

N

JALPAIGURI

SILIGURI

NAXALBARI

NEPA

L

KURSEONG

DARJEELING KALIMPONG

MOUZA MAP OF DARJEELINGLEGENDMAJOR

MOUJABLOCK

RIVERS

SCALE:

01.25Km 6.25Km 12.50Km

( MOUZA BOUNDARY APPROXIMATE )

Made by Environment Cell, KMDA

ROAD

BOUNDARYBOUNDARY

SIKKIM

BH

UTA

N

JALPAIGURI

SILIGURI

NAXALBARI

NEPA

L

KURSEONG

DARJEELING KALIMPONG

MOUZA MAP OF DARJEELINGLEGENDMAJOR

MOUJABLOCK

RIVERS

SCALE:

01.25Km 6.25Km 12.50Km

( MOUZA BOUNDARY APPROXIMATE )

Made by Environment Cell, KMDA

ROAD

BOUNDARYBOUNDARY

SIKKIM

BH

UTA

N

JALPAIGURI

SILIGURI

NAXALBARI

NEPA

L

KURSEONG

DARJEELING KALIMPONG

MOUZA WISE PROPOSEDLEGEND

MAJOR

MOUJA

BLOCK

RIVERS

SCALE:

AREA FOR

FUTURE

CONTROLLED

NEEDS RESTRICTON

DELICATE AREA,

NEEDS MONITORING

NEEDS MONOTORING(IMMEDIATE PRIORITY)

IN DEVELOPMENT

0 1.25Km 6.25Km 12.50Km

( MOUZA BOUNDARY APPROXIMATE )

Made by Environment Cell, KMDA

ROAD

BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY

ECO TOURISM

DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT ZONES

SIKKIM

BH

UTA

N

JALPAIGURI

SILIGURI

NAXALBARI

NEPA

L

KURSEONG

DARJEELING KALIMPONG

MOUZA WISE PROPOSEDLEGEND

MAJOR

MOUJA

BLOCK

RIVERS

SCALE:

AREA FOR

FUTURE

CONTROLLED

NEEDS RESTRICTON

DELICATE AREA,

NEEDS MONITORING

NEEDS MONOTORING(IMMEDIATE PRIORITY)

IN DEVELOPMENT

0 1.25Km 6.25Km 12.50Km

( MOUZA BOUNDARY APPROXIMATE )

Made by Environment Cell, KMDA

ROAD

BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY

ECO TOURISM

DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT ZONES

DARJEELING GUIDE MAP

LEGEND

5. Contour4. Settelment

SCALE :-1:8,000 6. Rail Way

1. Road2. River/Canal3. Jhora

Contour Interval - 50 Feet

7. Ward Boundary6. Old Boundary

SLOPE MAP OF DARJEELING

DARJEELING GUIDE MAP

LEGEND

5. Contour4. Settelment

SCALE :-1:8,000 6. Rail Way

1. Road2. River/Canal3. Jhora

Contour Interval - 50 Feet

7. Ward Boundary6. Old Boundary

0 – 55 PERCENT RISE0 – 55 PERCENT RISE

55 – 110 PERCENT RISE55 – 110 PERCENT RISE

110 – 166 PERCENT RISE110 – 166 PERCENT RISE

166 – 221 PERCENT RISE166 – 221 PERCENT RISE

221 – 276 PERCENT RISE221 – 276 PERCENT RISE

276 – 331 PERCENT RISE276 – 331 PERCENT RISE

331 – 380 PERCENT RISE331 – 380 PERCENT RISE

380 – 442 PERCENT RISE380 – 442 PERCENT RISE

0º – 35º0º – 35º

35º – 71º35º – 71º

71º – 107º71º – 107º

107º – 143º107º – 143º

143º – 179º143º – 179º

179º – 215º179º – 215º

215º – 251º215º – 251º

251º – 287º251º – 287º

PLANNINNG POLICIES

What it should be

What it is Now

= Development

PLANNINNG POLICIES

What it is Now

?