Upload
atran10
View
146
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
The Production of SpaceAnn Marie TranMonique Betancourt
Perfect Acts of Architecture• Kipnis emphasizes that the architectural drawing
in history is art in itself, rather than just a representation of art
• Drawings have altered the course of architecture• Innovations in geometry and technique have
solved problems of representation• Architectural drawing as end work functions in
three ways▫ Innovative design tool▫Articulation of a new direction▫Creation of consummate artistic merit
• A perfect act of architecture achieves all three at once
•The cultural climate of the era caused skepticism and distrust towards any type and program in the world of architecture
•This skepticism turned optimistic with the thought of a new radical, uninhibited world approaching
•With a struggling economy in the 1970s architects turned to teaching, where they could further their research
•A culmination of studies made for the sudden emergence of “paper architecture” with more brilliance and depth
•Architects such as Koolhaas and Tschumi used architecture as a way to reinvent social and political events
•Kipnis talks about the importance of and the need to revisit architectural drawings
Le Corbusier, Domino Sketch, 1914
Jack Lynn and Ivor Smith, Housing Estate, Park Hill, London, 1961
From the Production of Space, Henri Lefebvre
• Mastering global space: bringing forms, functions, and structures together with a unitary conception This idea was influenced by Marx and the
notion that industry has the power to bring forth man’s creative capacities
Bauhaus
•Social space: the opening up/moving around/manipulating of space to be made available to the inhabitants and their desires and perceptions
•Abstract space: political, a product of violence and war, and is institutional – abstract space of capitalism, goal of homogeneity
•Natural space: climate, topography, and light
• There is a interdependent relationship between objects and space
• 3 points must be considered simultaneously:1. New consciousness of space:
reducing space through simplifying a building in a drawing and only outlining it or giving it a plan flat surface
Breaking up and rotating plans to change the dept and perception of space
2. Facade disappearance: A new emphasis on function over form
3. Global space: The opening up of public space which was later
enforced and utilized through capitalism (filled with commercial images, signs, and objects)
•Space should be read as directions, instructions, and order first and foremost
•A space is built for people to live in, not to be read and grasped
•The reading of space is secondary and irrelevant
•Form must express function
Siegfried Giedion
•Siegried Giedion was the first to put space at the center of history
•Kipnis’ critique: Giedion did not make the distinction between the geometric space and the spiritual space
Bruno Zevi
•Geometrical space is animated by the gestures and actions of the inhabitant
•Architectural space is defined by the inside-outside relationship
• Without the individual a space is essentially useless
Constant Niewenhuys, Project: Ladder Labyrinth, for New Babylon, 1967-1969
Curitiba, Brazil•Project was commissioned by Mayor Ivo
Arzua in 1964 & was adopted in 1968
•Purpose: ▫minimize urban sprawl▫reduce downtown
traffic ▫preserve historic
districts▫provide accessible and
affordable public transit
•Goal was to create a city where space could be accessible for the people▫Brazil’s first pedestrian-only street▫Trinary road design▫Developed an extensive bus system that
operates for less than 1/10 of what a subway costs to operate
▫Created an industrial zone on the outskirts of the city
Critiques•Disagree with Jeffrey Kipnis
▫Function over form▫Architecture is for the people/inhabitants
rather than a means used to convey a message
•Agree with Henri Lefebvre▫Taking space into consideration is essential
to architecture▫Ex: Curitiba and its current successes
Successes
•Bus system has decreased traffic by 30% while population continues to increase
•Many parks have been built to control the floods rather than building concrete canals
•Population in 1964 was about 430,000•Population now is more than 1.8 million •Average income per person has grown 66%
greater than the Brazilian average•Curitiba is where 99% of inhabitants of
Brazil want to live