0720 System of Rice Intensification Experience in Punjab Under Extension Reform (ATMA)

EXPERIENCE IN PUNJABEXPERIENCE IN PUNJABUNDER EXTENSION REFORM (ATMA)UNDER EXTENSION REFORM (ATMA)

Department of Agriculture, PunjabDepartment of Agriculture, Punjab

Dr. Amrik Singh Dr. Amrik Singh Agriculture Dev. Officer cum Agriculture Dev. Officer cum Dy. Project Director. ATMADy. Project Director. ATMAGurdaspur ( Punjab)Gurdaspur ( Punjab)E mail : E mail : [email protected]: +91-9872211194Tel: +91-9872211194

System Of Rice Intensification System Of Rice Intensification

104/10/23

204/10/23

Total geographical area : 50.33 lakh ha Net area sown: 42.01 lakh ha Area under cultivation (%) : 84 Area under irrigation (%) : 96 Cropping intensity (%) : 188 Area under rice: 25.75 lakh ha. Cropping pattern : Rice – wheat Decrease in water level during 1993 - 2003 = 55 cm 2004 - 2005 = 74 cm

Contribution of rice from Punjab to central pool keeps reducing

3Static of DOA PunjabStatic of DOA Punjab04/10/23

0

16

4541

3538

4237

42

33 33

49

39 3733

0

10

20

30

40

50

6019

60-6

1

1970

-71

1980

-81

1990

-91

1995

-96

1996

-97

1997

-98

1998

-99

99-2

000

20-2

001

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

4

Contribution of Rice to the Central Pool from Punjab

Static of DOA PunjabStatic of DOA Punjab04/10/23

5

Would this be the future of Punjab? A desert?Would this be the future of Punjab? A desert?

04/10/23

Dr Amrik SinghDr Amrik Singh

6

04/10/23


SAVE WATER, SAVE LIFETO SUSTAIN UNIVERSAL PROSPERITYBIN JAL NAHIN KAL

7

First, there is life in the water, by which everything else is made green.

04/10/23


AVERAGE FALL/RISE OF WATER TABLE IN PUNJAB

DURING 1993 - 2003

8

Average fall/rise of water table in Punjab during 1993-200304/10/23 Dr Amrik SinghDr Amrik Singh

CAUSES OF WATER TABLE DECLINE

CropCrop Pre-Green Pre-Green RevolutionRevolution

Present Present dayday

WheatWheat 37%37% 78%78%

RiceRice 6%6% 60%60%

GramGram 22%22% 0.4%0.4%

Other Other pulsespulses

24%24% 1.3%1.3%

9

04/10/23


SHIFT IN CROPPING PATTERN

EARLY RICE CULTIVATION

FREE ELECTRICITY AND CANAL WATER FOR IRRIGATION

WANING AWAY OF NATURAL LOW-LYING AREAS AND COMMON VILLAGE PONDS

CONTINOUS STANDING OF WATER IN RICE FIELDS, RESULTING IN RELEASE OF 0.45 TONS OF METHANE AND CO2 IN 90 DAYS WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO GLOBAL WARMING

10

04/10/23


SHIFT TO INSTALLING SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS FROM CONVENTIONAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

This results in:

1. HIGH INSTALLATION COSTS, AND

2. INCREASED POWER REQUIREMENT -- WITH MORE INPUT COST

1104/10/23


12EFFECT OF SODIC SUBSOIL WATER IRRIGATION ON RICE

04/10/23Dr Amrik SinghDr Amrik Singh

5-Year Plan5-Year Plan Growth Rate (%)Growth Rate (%)

1992-971992-97 4.74.7

1997-021997-02 2.12.1

2002-062002-06 1.51.5

2007-122007-12 4.14.1(projected)(projected)

1304/10/23 Dr Amrik SinghDr Amrik Singh

REMEDIAL MEASURES:

1. Increasing ground water recharge. Maintenance of soil health for sustainable tapping of

underground water. Renovation of existing village ponds and excavation

of new ponds for tapping groundwater flow Increase in canal water supply

14

2.Crop diversification

3. Delaying rice transplanting

4. Increase area under hybrid rice.

5. Popularization of the System of Rice Intensification for increasing productivity of rice per unit of area and for water saving


Depletion of underground water table Degrading soil fertility Shrinkage in average size of land holding Rise in farmers’ cost of cultivation. Deficiency of micronutrients in soil Development of pest resistance Decrease in production and productivity

15Dr Amrik SinghDr Amrik Singh04/10/23

METHODOLOGY

Nursery was sown on raised beds Young seedlings 10-12 days old were used for

transplanting Single seedling per hill Planting at wider spacing (25x25 cm) Weed control with conoweeder as well as

manual weeding Irrigation given to 2.5 cm depth up to panicle

initiation after surface cracks developed 65 kg urea was used in addition of 4 tons FYM


17

Seed TreatmentSeed Treatment•10 gm ceresin wet10 gm ceresin wet• I gm StreptocyclinI gm Streptocyclinper 8 kg of seedper 8 kg of seed• Broadcast seed on Broadcast seed on nursery bed nursery bed

04/10/23

18

SEEDLINGS AFTER 10 DAYSSEEDLINGS AFTER 10 DAYS

04/10/23


19

• Application of thin Application of thin layer of FYMlayer of FYM• Broadcasting of Broadcasting of sprouted seeds on sprouted seeds on nursery bedsnursery beds

04/10/23

Amrik Singh

SRI CONVENTIONAL METHOD

20

UPROOTING OF SEEDLINGS


21

SRI CONVENTIONAL METHOD


Application of fertilizer

35 kg urea at the time of field preparation

4 tons well composted FYM per acre 15 kg urea at 25 DAT 15 kg urea at 45 DAT

PREPARATION OF CHANNELS FOR DRAINAGE OF EXCESS WATER

23

Flooding the Flooding the main fieldmain field

04/10/23


24

Marking field with markerMarking field with marker

04/10/23


Transplanting of young seedlingsTransplanting of young seedlings

2504/10/23


2604/10/23


WEEDING WITH ROTARY CONO WEEDERWEEDING WITH ROTARY CONO WEEDER

27

04/10/23


DR. GURDIAL SINGH, JOINT DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE DR. GURDIAL SINGH, JOINT DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE (HYVP) & DR. B.S. KAHLON, CHIEF AGRI. OFFICER, (HYVP) & DR. B.S. KAHLON, CHIEF AGRI. OFFICER,

INTERACTING WITH FARMERSINTERACTING WITH FARMERS

28

04/10/23


04/10/23

29Dr Amrik SinghDr Amrik Singh

30

Difference between SRI and conventional methodsDifference between SRI and conventional methodsof rice cultivation ( PAU 201)of rice cultivation ( PAU 201)

04/10/23


04/10/23

Dr Amrik Singh31

04/10/23

Dr Amrik Singh32

04/10/23 Dr Amrik Singh33

34

Profuse Productive TillersProfuse Productive Tillers

04/10/23


35

REDUCTION IN HEIGHT OF PLANT

04/10/23


STRONGER ROOT SYSTEMS

3604/10/23


04/10/23 37

38

Millipedes in SRI fieldMillipedes in SRI field No. of productive tillersNo. of productive tillers

04/10/23


3904/10/23


Farmers counting the tillers of SRI rice plantin an exhibition

Amrik Singh40

SRI farmer presenting panicles of SRI rice to

S. Sucha Singh Langah, Punjab Minister of Agriculture

04/10/23

42

Economics of SRI cultivation vs. conventional method, kharif 2007

Non-SRINon-SRI SRISRI

ItemItem QuantityQuantity Value (Rs)Value (Rs) QuantityQuantity Value (Rs)Value (Rs)

Paddy production per Paddy production per acreacre

31.80 31.80 qt/acreqt/acre

21465/-21465/- 49.80 49.80 qt/acreqt/acre

33,615/-33,615/-

VARIABLE COSTSVARIABLE COSTS -- --

1. Seed & seed 1. Seed & seed treatmenttreatment

i. Seed (kg)i. Seed (kg) 8kg8kg 120/-120/- 2kg2kg 30/- 30/-

ii. Seed treatment ii. Seed treatment

(a) Emisan (gm) (a) Emisan (gm) (b) (b) Streptomycin (gm)Streptomycin (gm)

1010

116/-6/-

5/-5/-10gm10gm

1gm1gm6/-6/-

5/-5/-

Sub TotalSub Total 131/-131/- 41/-41/-

2. Manure and 2. Manure and fertilizersfertilizers

(a) Urea(a) Urea 110 kg110 kg 499/-499/- 65 kg65 kg 278/-278/-

(b) DAP(b) DAP 50 kg50 kg 467/-467/-

(c) Zinc sulphate(c) Zinc sulphate -- -- -- --43Dr Amrik SinghDr Amrik Singh04/10/23

ItemItem QuantityQuantity Value (Rs)Value (Rs) QuantityQuantity Value (Rs)Value (Rs)

FYMFYM -- -- 4 ton4 ton 1200/-1200/-

(d) Muriate Of potash(d) Muriate Of potash -- -- -- --

Sub TotalSub Total 966/-966/- -- 1478/-1478/-

(3) Pesticides, (3) Pesticides, fungicide & fungicide & insecticideinsecticide

(a) Nuvacron(a) Nuvacron -- -- --

(b) Blitox(b) Blitox -- -- --

(c) Butachlor(c) Butachlor 1200 ml1200 ml 180/-180/- -- --

(d) Caldan(d) Caldan -- -- -- --

Sub TotalSub Total 180/-180/- -- --

(4) Irrigation(4) Irrigation 2626 675/-(Diesel 675/-(Diesel charges)charges)

1414 215/-215/-

(5) Human labour (5) Human labour (transplanting, (transplanting, spraying, weeding, etc.)spraying, weeding, etc.)

1200/-1200/- 2125/- per 2125/- per acreacre


04/10/23

(6) Tractor (hrs)(6) Tractor (hrs) 3T 3T Harrow,Harrow,

2 tillings2 tillings

puddlingpuddling

900/-900/-

500/-500/-

650/-650/-

3T 3T Harrow, 2 Harrow, 2

tillingstillings

levelingleveling

900/-900/-

500/-500/-

100/-100/-

(7) Harvesting (7) Harvesting (cost per acre)(cost per acre)

600/-600/- 700/- 700/-

(8) Marketing (8) Marketing chargescharges

146.55/-146.55/- 229.08/-229.08/-

Sub TotalSub Total 3,996.55/-3,996.55/- 4,554.04/-4,554.04/-

Total variable Total variable costcost

5,948.55/-5,948.55/- 7,288.04/-7,288.04/-

Interest@ 9% for Interest@ 9% for half yearhalf year

535.32/-535.32/- 655.42/-655.42/-

Total CostTotal Cost 6,483.87/-6,483.87/- 7,943.46/-7,943.46/-

Total ReturnTotal Return 14,98I.13/-14,98I.13/- 25,671.5025,671.50


04/10/23

REPORT ON SRI CULTIVATIONNAME OF THE FARMER : BHAGWAN SINGHADDRESS : VILLAGE DEHRIWAL DAROGA , DISTRICT GURDASPURSEASON : KHARIF SEASON 2007-08 -- AREA UNDER SRI: 3 KANALVARIETY : PAU 201

46

S.No.S.No. ParameterParameter Farmers methodFarmers method SRISRI

1.1. Date of nursery sowingDate of nursery sowing 18 /5/200718 /5/2007 18/5/200718/5/2007

22 Date of transplantingDate of transplanting 16/6/200716/6/2007 27/5/200727/5/2007

33 Weed ControlWeed Control 1200 ml Butachlor1200 ml Butachlor 2 T weeding with 2 T weeding with CW+ 1HWCW+ 1HW

44 FYMFYM NILNIL 1 MT1 MT

33 Fertilizer (urea, kg/acre)Fertilizer (urea, kg/acre) 115115 45 kg45 kg

44 No. of productive tillers/m2No. of productive tillers/m2 345345 425425

55 No. of grains/panicleNo. of grains/panicle 225225 297297

66 Length of panicle (cm)Length of panicle (cm) 2525 2828

88 Chaffy grain (%)Chaffy grain (%) 1616 1212

99 Grain yield (kg/acre)Grain yield (kg/acre) 28.400 qt/ acre28.400 qt/ acre 38.680 qt/ acre38.680 qt/ acre

1010 Yield per sq mt (gm) Yield per sq mt (gm) 710710 967967

1111 Duration (days)Duration (days) 145145 137137


04/10/23

REPORT ON SRI CULTIVATIONNAME OF THE FARMER : KAPIL BEHALADDRESS : VILLAGE HAYATNAGAR, DISTRICT GURDASPURSEASON : KHARIF SEASON 2007-08 -- AREA UNDER SRI: 0.5 ACREVARIETY : PAU 201

47

S.No.S.No. ParameterParameter Farmers methodFarmers method SRISRI

1.1. Date of nursery sowingDate of nursery sowing 12/5/200712/5/2007 12/5/200712/5/2007

22 Date of transplantingDate of transplanting 13/6/200713/6/2007 24/5/200724/5/2007

33 Weed controlWeed control 1200 ml Butachlor1200 ml Butachlor 3 T weeding with 3 T weeding with CW CW

44 FYMFYM NILNIL 4 MT4 MT

55 Fertilizer (urea, kg per acre)Fertilizer (urea, kg per acre) 115115 65 kg65 kg

66 No. of productive tillers/m2No. of productive tillers/m2 245245 315315

77 No. of grains/panicleNo. of grains/panicle 212212 302302

88 Length of panicle (cm)Length of panicle (cm) 2525 3232

1010 Chaffy grain (%)Chaffy grain (%) 1616 1313

1111 Grain yield (kg/acre)Grain yield (kg/acre) 31.80 qt/ acre31.80 qt/ acre 49.80 qt/ acre49.80 qt/ acre

1212 Yield per sq mt (gm) Yield per sq mt (gm) 795795 12501250

1313 Duration (days)Duration (days) 145145 141141


04/10/23

Method of Method of cultivationcultivation

No. of No. of irrigations irrigations per acreper acre

Time to Time to irrigate irrigate one acreone acre

Saving of Saving of water water

under SRIunder SRI

Conven- Conven-

tional tional

methodsmethods2626

4 hours 4 hours

(5 cm)(5 cm)

45-50%45-50%

SRISRI 14142.15 hours: 2.15 hours: 2.5 cm with 2.5 cm with intermittent intermittent drying and drying and

wettingwetting

If we apply SRI method of rice cultivation in 26 lakh If we apply SRI method of rice cultivation in 26 lakh hectare of rice area in Punjab, then it is estimated that hectare of rice area in Punjab, then it is estimated that 50% water and electricity can be saved.50% water and electricity can be saved.


04/10/23

49

Year No. of farmers Area covered (acres)

2005-06 10 3

2006-07 25 30

2007-08 150 175

04/10/23

50

BENEFITS OF SRI AS OBSERVED BY FARMERS

Seed requirements 75% less

Water requirements 45-50 % less & resistance to water stress

Fertilizer requirements 25%-40 % less

Head rice recovery 71-74%

Maturity period Uniform

Duration 8-10 days less

Yield 25-40% more

Root and tillering system

Strong & profuse, resulting in lodging resistance

Pest & disease management

Development of resistance against foot rot in Basmati

Soil health Increase the microbiological activities

Require green manure/compost & good land preparation

Drain field before transplanting to get thicker mud

Experiment with different planting distances Need for motorized mechanical weeding for

soil aeration Need for research on chemical weed control

due to shortages of labour


Psychology and attitude Transplanting Water management Lack of labour for transplanting &

weeding Scooping of seedling Lack of equipment for marking &

weeding Sometimes cono-weeder is not working Non-availability of organic manures More labour-intensity with SRI


Unsolved problem in SRI plot

Irrigating field up to the flowering stage to a depth of 2.5 cm after surface cracks developed

Afterwards, conventional irrigation can give a similar yield with a 45-50% saving of water

Incorporation of weeds is more beneficial for increasing the grain yield than removing them from the field

SRI could reduce seed cost, especially for hybrid seed


SRI methods offer scope for considerable reduction in the water, electricity and seed requirements with an increase in yield attributable in large part to the incorporation of weeds into the soil & to soil aeration along with different plant management practices


Demonstrations on Government farms Need for appointing a Nodal Officer in the

State for SRI coordination and promotion Study tours for farmers to see SRI for

themselves Training to field staff Creating awareness among farmers by

using print media as well as electronic media

04/10/2356

Assured irrigation facilities for farmers using SRI, as they need smaller but reliable issues

Implementation of SRI technique through schemes

Providing markers and conoweeders with 50% subsidy; also need to assure good quality of tools

Agriculture extension staff need to be trained in this method, and incentives may be announced for rewarding district-wise those who motivate the highest number of farmers

Organization of SRI demonstrations on a large scale in the state

04/10/2357

58

04/10/23

Technology

0720 System of Rice Intensification Experience in Punjab Under Extension Reform (ATMA)