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It is commonly believed that major sporting events provide ongoing benefits separate from infrastructure provision, including increased participation in the sport in question and physical activity in general. This is becoming an increasingly important aspect of hosting a major sporting event, with event organisers considering how a major event can benefit the development of the sport. However, there is little empirical research to support that such development occurs. The Australian Surf Life Saving Championships (ASLSC) were held in Kurrawa, Queensland from 1995 – 2006. From 2007 – 2009, the event was held in Scarborough, Western Australia, which provides an opportunity to study the interactions between an event and sport in terms of legacy. Regression analysis was conducted using membership statistics from Surf Life Saving Western Australia and its 28 individual clubs from 1990 to 2009. Membership Categories that may indicate changes in sport participation (active patrolling members, juniors, total membership, Bronze medallion awards, coaches, officials, competitor numbers, performance and media) were examined in Western Australia during this period. These variables were regressed against a dichotomous ‘dummy’ variable indicating event location and equivalent data from other Australian states. There were no significant changes in any of the membership categories in Western Australia during the time Western Australia hosted the event when accounting for membership variation in the wider organisation. Significant changes were found for competitor numbers, performance and media. The findings indicate that hosting the ASLSC event for three years at a location did not result in increases in participation in the host State – legacy did not occur by osmosis. This suggests that dedicated strategies need to be implemented by event hosts to leverage hosting the event into desired sport development outcomes.
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Danya HodgettsInstitute for Social Science and Health Research
CQUniversity
Sport development
legacies from major
events
Legacy by osmosis?
Dr Mitch Duncan, CQUniversity
Prof Kerry Mummery, University of Alberta
Sport development
Need for increased sport participation to
address inactivity and obesity
Increasing pressure to deliver broader social
outcomesCoalter 2007; United Nations, 2003
Sporting events are attracting increased
attention and government resources
Event impact and legacy
Events have an effect on tourism and
economic, physical and environment,
social and cultural, and development of the
sport itselfAllen et al. 2005; Cashman 2002
Not sufficient evidence available to confirm
or refute increased participation levels
resulting from Olympic GamesVeal & Toohey 2005, Weed Coren Fiore 2009
Event leveraging
Trickle down benefits from the Olympics
are not automaticHindson et al., 1994: 22
Link between $ and medals, but not
medals and participationHogan and Nortan 2000
Benefits occur through an actively
leveraged processChalip, 2004
os·mo·sis noun (äs mō′sis, äz-)
Transport of a
substance across
a cell membrane
by diffusion;
expenditure of
energy is not
required.
Photo courtesy of Harvie Alison Photography
Photo courtesy of Harvie Alison Photography
Methods
Statistical analysis of membership
1990 – 2010 where possible
Data was examined at: Club (Scarboro)
Metropolitan (Perth)
State (Western Australia)
Variables
Membership
Active
Junior
Total
Training
Surf Rescue Certificate
Bronze Medallion
Championship
Entries
Pointscore
Entries: Pointscore
Accreditation
Coach
Official
Sotiriadou et al., 2008; Cashman, 2002
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
160001991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Acti
ve M
em
bers
hip
Year
NSW
Qld
Vic
WA
Tas
Analysis
State CategoryUnadjusted†
β B p
Western
Australia
Active 0.78 1049.19 <.001***
Junior 0.77 2561.35 <.001***
Total 0.81 7121.38 <.001***
Analysis
State CategoryUnadjusted† Adjusted‡
β B p β B p
Western
Australia
Active 0.78 1049.19 <.001*** 0.10 131.52 .32
Junior 0.77 2561.35 <.001*** 0.15 510.38 .29
Total 0.81 7121.38 <.001*** 0.05 428.63 .79
Analysis
State CategoryUnadjusted† Adjusted‡
β B p β B p
Western
Australia
Active 0.78 1049.19 <.001*** 0.10 131.52 .32
Junior 0.77 2561.35 <.001*** 0.15 510.38 .29
Total 0.81 7121.38 <.001*** 0.05 428.63 .79
Queensland Active 0.14 172.38 .57 -0.47 -592.60 .15
Junior 0.82 3997.58 <.001*** 0.34 1638.14 .003**
Total 0.76 9413.21 <.001*** -0.01 -112.06 .95
New South
Wales
Active 0.79 4321.85 <.001*** 0.07 377.96 .66
Junior 0.61 8969.02 .006** -0.40 -5892.20 .016*
Total 0.72 19815.15 <.001*** -0.07 -1877.48 .07
Victoria Active 0.76 1949.50 <.001*** -0.26 -66.83 .80
Junior 0.72 3567.40 .001** -0.18 -893.46 .24
Total 0.75 10105.08 <.001*** -0.02 -1877.48 .07
Tasmania Active 0.66 102.31 .002** 0.29 44.77 .36
Junior 0.84 366.00 <.001*** 0.24 101.99 .46
Total 0.91 808.83 <.001*** 0.56 496.82 .010*
South
Australia
Total 0.83 2488.60 <.001*** 0.20 596.15 .37
Analysis
Results - Membership
Queensland Junior
1638 (β=0.34, F(5,13)=89.54, p=.003)
New South Wales Junior
-5892 (β=-0.40, F(5,13)=44.53, p=.016)
Tasmania Total
497 (β=0.56, F(5,13)=16.69, p=.01)
Scarboro SLSC Total
-158 (β=-0.35, F(5,13)=48.30, p=.039)
Results - Training
New South Wales Bronze
715 (β=0.57, F(6,13)=12.51, p=.022)
Victoria Bronze
405 (β=0.50, F(6,13)=15.19, p=.033)
Results - Championship
Competitor entries
Western Australia
667 (β=1.23, F(6,8)=42.251, p=<.001)
South Australia
-292 (β=-2.24, F(6,8)=7.095, p=.018)
Metropolitan Western Australia
406 (β=0.75, F(6,2)=202.21, p=.032)
Pointscore
Western Australia
290 (β=0.82, F(1,8)=50.826, p=.033)
Results - Accreditation
Queensland Coach Accreditation
138 (β=0.89, F(1,9)=33.626, p=<.001)
Photo courtesy of Harvie Alison Photography
Discussion
Photo courtesy of Harvie Alison Photography
Conclusion
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