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Chapter SevenChapter Seven
Chapter 7 Slide 1
Scientific and Artistic Achievements
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
1. What is a ‘Golden Age’?
2. What were the conditions that led to a Golden Age?
3. What were some of the scientific and artistic achievements of the people of ancient India, China and Southeast Asia?
Chapter 7 Slide 2
Look at the objects above. How have they been improved by
modern societies?Chapter 7 Slide 3
What Is a Golden Age?What Is a Golden Age?
A period where there is a flourishing of achievements in the arts and
sciences
Chapter 7 Slide 4
Some Golden AgesSome Golden Ages
India: Gupta dynasty (c. 320–550 CE)
China: Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE)
Tang dynasty (618–907 CE)
Song dynasty (960–1279 CE)
Southeast Asia: Khmer period (800–1432 CE)
Chapter 7 Slide 5
Strong, stable government
Peace
People’s basic needs are met
Freedom of expression
What Were the Conditions that Led to a Golden Age?What Were the Conditions that Led to a Golden Age?
Chapter 7 Slide 6
Chapter 7 Slide 7
INDIAINDIA
Scientific AchievementsScientific Achievements Mathematics: pi, zero,
decimal system
Astronomy: earth is round and revolves around sun
Metallurgy: worked with bronze, iron and steel
Medicine: plastic surgery
Chapter 7 Slide 8
Aryabhata, Indian mathematician and astrologer at the Nalanda University
Artistic ContributionsArtistic Contributions
Literature: Vedas, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Shakuntala
Architecture: rock temples such as Ajanta and Ellora
Sculpture: used stone and bronze
Textiles: cotton
Chapter 7 Slide 9
Illustration of Rama and Sita, hero and heroine of Ramayana
Timeline of AchievementsTimeline of Achievements
BCE 2500
1000 800 600 400 200 CE 1 200 400 600 800 1000 CE
Ramayana 700 BCE
Casting of iron 5th century BCE
Plastic surgery 600 BCE
Ajanta caves constructed 2nd century
BCE
Mathematical concepts and numeric invented
c. 320–550 CE
Mahabharata 900 BCE
Cotton plants grown 2500 BCE
Chapter 7 Slide 10
China
Chapter 7 Slide 11
ChinaChina
Scientific AdvancesScientific Advances
Chapter 7 Slide 12
Astronomy Seismograph Mechanical clock Compass
A drawing of ancient China’s famous astronomer, Zhang Heng
Gunpowder Printing Paper Medicine MetallurgyMongol bomb thrown against a charging
Japanese Samurai during the Mongol invasions of Japan in 1281
Stages of Paper-MakingStages of Paper-Making1. Wood is first soaked in water until the fibres are soft.2. A frame with a fine mesh is dipped into the softened
fibres, such that a layer of fibre is embedded in the mesh.
3. The mesh is then pressed hard to remove traces of water. After the fibres dry, a layer can be peeled off to form a sheet of paper.
Chapter 7 Slide 13
Artistic ContributionsArtistic Contributions
Silk
Literature: Shiji and poetry
Pottery and porcelain
Sculpture: used bronze, clay and stone e.g. terracotta warriors
Painting
Chapter 7 Slide 14
An example of a Chinese landscape painting
BCE 2600 1600 800 600 400 200 CE 1 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Discovery of silk 2600 BCE
Bronze crafting 1500 BCE
Seismograph 132 CE
Diamond Sutra 868 CE
Invention of paper c. 200 BCE
Block printing 700 CE
Timeline of AchievementsTimeline of Achievements
Acupuncture 800 BCE
Chapter 7 Slide 15
South East AsiaSouth East Asia
Chapter 7 Slide 16
Scientific AdvancesScientific Advances
Metallurgy Discovery of bronze
spearpoints, iron bangles and red and buff pottery at Ban Chiang in 1970s
Hydraulic Engineering The control of water supply
through the building of dams and canals
Chapter 7 Slide 17
A commemorative plaque at Ban Chiang
Artistic ContributionsArtistic Contributions
Pottery Ban Chiang, c. 3000 BCE
Architecture Borobodur, Angkor Wat
Sculpture Uniquely Southeast Asian,
never exact copies of Chinese or Indian works
Chapter 7 Slide 18
A sculpture from Thailand
Artistic ContributionsArtistic Contributions
Textiles: batik and ikat
Literature: hikayat, syair and pantun
Chapter 7 Slide 19
A batik painting depicting two Indian women
Dyeing by hand
BCE 3000 2000 200 CE1 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 CE
Bronze works 2000 BCE
Pottery 3000 BCE
Malay literature flourishes 15th century CE
Borobodur complex built 850 CE
Angkor Wat built 9th–13th century CE
Timeline of AchievementsTimeline of Achievements
Chapter 7 Slide 20
Learning OutcomesLearning OutcomesLearning OutcomesLearning Outcomes
Chapter 7 Slide 23
1.1. A ‘Golden Age’ is…A ‘Golden Age’ is…
2.2. The conditions that led to a Golden The conditions that led to a Golden Age were…Age were…
3.3. Some examples of the scientific and Some examples of the scientific and artistic achievements of the people of artistic achievements of the people of ancient India, China and Southeast ancient India, China and Southeast Asia are…Asia are…
