Kinesiology presentation

AROUSAL, ANXIETY AND CONTROLLING STRESS IN EMERGENCY STALENESS

KINESIOLOGY (SPS 145)

Prepared for:

Madam Jamiaton Kusrin

Prepared by:

Mohd Rahimi bin Mohd Shahimi (2010791069)

Mohd Hafifi bin Mohd Izani (2010577247)

Halimah binti Jakaria (2010724225)

AROUSAL1. Most critical factor prior to and during

performance2. Body needs to be at optimal level to perform

at best3. Ideal level of arousal should match

requirements of specific task and individual4. Arousal regulation is a major concern among

sport psychologists

facultywp.ccri.edu/ksalisbury/files/2012/01/SportPsychPPTCH12.ppt

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AROUSAL & PERFORMANCE

IMPROPER LEVEL OF AROUSAL

Self talkMuscle tension

Distractibility Coordination

ANXIETY

Is a feeling of fear, worry or nervousness, resulting from uncertainty.

Something that causes you worry or fear.

advanced English dictionary (page 47)

TYPES OF ANXIETY

Trait Anxiety

A general predisposition to perceive many situation as threatening and to respond to them with high anxiety

State AnxietyAn individual’s anxiety at a particular moment (“right now”) and ever changing.

Somatic Anxiety

Physical component reflecting perception of physiological responses such as heart rate, respiration, and muscle tension

Cognitive Anxiety

Thought component (worry, fear, concentration disruption)

PRECOMPETITIVE ANXIETY

1. COGNITIVE ANXIETY starts high & remains high as time to event approaches.

2. SOMATIC ANXIETY remains low until 24 hours before the event.

3. Once performance begin, somatic anxiety dissipates rapidly and cognitive state anxiety fluctuates throughout the contest.

CAUSES OF ANXIETY IN ATHLETES

Predisposition to anxiety Perceived important (threat) of situation Negative attributional style Perfectionism Fear of failure Competition specific stress

Lavallee et al. (2004) Sports Psychology: Contemporary Themes (palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke)

SIGNS OF AROUSAL & ANXIETY

1. Cold, clammy hands2. Constant need to urinate3. Profuse sweating4. Negative self-talk5. Dazed look in eyes6. Headache7. Dry mouth8. Difficulties sleeping9. Increased muscle tension10. Butterflies in Stomach11. Inability to concentrate

http://www.psychologycampus.com/sports-psychology/arousal-anxiety.html


STRESSThe nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it in order to maintain physiological equilibrium. This positive or negative response results from emotions that are accompanied by biochemical and physiological changes directed at adaptation

concepts of fitness & wellness ninth edition (page 363)

TYPES OF STRESS

• Use stress in constructive way

• High stress, increase sports performance

EUSTRESS

• Can lead to behavioural, physical and mental problems.

• High stress, decrease sports performance

DISTRESS

GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME

Alarm Reaction

Any physical or mental trauma triggers an immediate set of reaction that the stress. If the stress is not severe or long lasting, we bounce back and recover rapidly.

Resistance

Eventually, sometimes rather quickly, we adapt to stress and we tend to become more resistant to illness and disease.

ExhaustionA prolonged resisitance leads to exhaustion. A short resisitance allow for the quick recovery.

Source: Health News Network

PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURE OF AROUSAL & ANXIETY

1. By using Electrocardiogram(ECG or EKG).

2. It is quick and painless test that records the electrical activity of the heart.

3. It may be taken at rest or during exercise.

Image source: http://www.heart-specialist.org/ecg.html

http://www.heart-specialist.org/ecg.html


1. Using a mercury Sphygmomanometer

2. Test blood pressure.

Image source: http://www.vitalsigns-health.co.uk/test_bloodpressure.html

http://www.vitalsigns-health.co.uk/test_bloodpressure.html


1. Using a Electroencephalogram (EEG)

2. Determine the difference between interfering signals & brain wave.

3. To examine the effects of visual activity on alpha rhythm in the brain.

Image source:http://www.honestdiscounts.com/blog/diagnosing_epilepsy.htm

http://www.honestdiscounts.com/blog/diagnosing_epilepsy.htm

http://www.honestdiscounts.com/blog/diagnosing_epilepsy.htm


1. Using a Electrooculography (EOG).

2. EOG is a technique for measuring the resting potential of the retina.

Image source: http://www.soundandvision.com/content/analog-devices-electrooculogram

http://www.soundandvision.com/content/analog-devices-electrooculogram

Image source:prohealthcareproducts.com


1. The Galvanic Skin Response (GSR).

2. Measure skin conductivity from the fingers or palms.

3. The GSR is highly sensitive to emotions in some people.

Image source: www.angelfire.com

https://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=r3UFEyjGmUga6M&tbnid=wgKX4Q2khALdRM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http://prohealthcareproducts.com/heat-and-cold-therapy-c-38/visual-feedback-meter-for-galvanic-skin-response-monitor-p-806&ei=-0VvUvuIHMyPrge-q4GYDg&bvm=bv.55123115,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNF5-pRnbXx6VmcM1NUutBdU4qZ4Hg&ust=1383110504862514

https://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&docid=y-n2TQYsUCVqrM&tbnid=pHqB5fFJhdZQAM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http://www.angelfire.com/ar3/3204_physics/page4.html&ei=0ERvUtSpIZDrrAeI1YDYDA&bvm=bv.55123115,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFQfwzp4ho5bd7wAGGPMQkUanLG3A&ust=1383110191713713

BEHAVIORAL MEASURE OF AROUSAL & ANXIETY

1. By using observation.2. Do observation on athletes behavior

before, during and after event can provide much information about their stress response.

3. Clues to watch out for include shaking, talking fast, irregular toilet visit, bitting the nails and inability to stay still.

http://www.teachpe.com/sports_psychology/anxiety.php

http://www.teachpe.com/sports_psychology/anxiety.php

AROUSAL & ANXIETY PERFORMANCE THEORIES

1. Drive Theory

2. Inverted-U Hypothesis

3. Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning

4. Multidimensional anxiety theory

5. Catastrophe Model

6. Reversal Theory

1. DRIVE THEORY

Drive theory states that the more arousal and anxiety an individual experiences, the higher their performance will be.




http://www.teachpe.com/sports_psychology/motivation.php



2. INVERTED-U HYPOTHESIS

This theory posits that their is a medium amount of arousal and anxiety that causes one to perform higher - too little anxiety/arousal and too much anxiety/arousal will cause performance to be poorer.



http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2657838/figure/f1-nbtm-3-1-0001/



3. INDIVIDUAL ZONES OF OPTIMAL FUNCTIONING

This theory takes into account that people have different levels of anxiety and arousal that are unique in making them perform at their best. Some people perform their best with low anxiety, some with a medium amount and others with a high amount. The amount of anxiety/arousal that an individual requires to perform their best is based on individual characteristics.



http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/sport-psychology-midterm-exam-part-2/deck/149880



4. MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANXIETY THEORY

This theory of anxiety posits that when one has

anxious thoughts - they will have poorer

performance. Anxiety felt by the body will have

an effect on performance much like that of the

inverted U theory. However, there is little support

for this theory.






5. CATASTROPHE MODEL

The catastrophe model posits that as long as there are lower thoughts of anxiety, then performance will be best at a medium level of physical arousal. If there is a high level of anxious thoughts (worry), performance will be better at a medium level of physical arousal but will suddenly drop off and become very poor. There is a breaking point when performance decreases dramatically.







6. REVERSAL THEORY

This theory posits that the way that arousal affects performance depends on an individual's interpretation of their arousal. Arousal can be interpreted as pleasant and exciting and as unpleasant and anxious. Arousal that is thought to be pleasant helps performance, and vice versa for bad arousal.






Why do some athletes choke under pressure?

‘Choking’ refer to a sudden failure of athletic performance due to an overwhelming anxiety attack.

Choking is characterized by anxiety symptoms and the feeling that the harder one tries, the worse one’s performance gets.

Most likely to be caused by concern with excessive self consciousness and concern with mechanics skill execution.

Lavallee et al. (2004) Sports Psychology: Contemporary Themes (palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke)

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