15th and 16th Century Italian Art:The Ninja Turtles

Ms. Lee

Humanism

•Humanist writings spread•Emphasis on education and expanding knowledge•Exploration of individual potential•Commitment to civic responsibility•Elite funded art

Ghiberti vs. Brunelleschi

•Competition for the Florence baptistery•Submitted a relief panel•Ghiberti won

Ghiberti’s Panel

•Emphasized grace and smoothness•Recalls Greco-Roman statuary•Appreciation of the nude male•Includes spatial illusion

Richardfabi, “The Sacrifice of Isaac” March 2005 via Wikipedia, Creative Commons Attribution

Brunelleschi

•Fascination with Roman architecture•Most acknowledged Renaissance architect•Unfinished dome of Florence Cathedral•Created new building methods and tools

The Medici

•Wealthy Florentine banking family•Cultivated humanists•Cosimo Medici started first library since antiquity•Commissioned many artworks

Donatello

•Enthusiasm for Roman virtue and form•Depicted diverse figures•Advanced classical idealism and natural illusion•David, first free-standing nude since antiquity

Br1dotcom, “David di Donatello [1/35]” March 9, 2009 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution

16th Century

•Designated as High Renaissance•Developed from 15th Century ideas•Economy Growing•Reformation began

Leonardo’s Art

•Studied under Verrocchio•Demonstrated use of chiaroscuro•Used atmospheric perspective•Used sfumato (misty haziness)•The Mona Lisa

Leonardo’s Science

•Studied botany, geology, geography, zoology, ect.•Influenced his art•Observational approach•Anatomy’s importance to art•Journals included inventions

Julius II

•Noted for contributions in art•Commissioned St. Peter’s basilica, tomb, Sistine Chapel ceiling, papal apartments•Selling of indulgences

St. Peter’s Basilica

•Commissioned to gain control of Italy•Bramante was chosen•Devoloped form of central-plan church•Pantheon used as a model•Unfinished in Bramante’s lifetime•Passed to Michelangelo to finish

Michelangelo’s Sculpture

•Architect, sculptor, painter, poet, engineer•Saw himself as a sculptor•Material defines art•Mistrusted mathematical applications to art•Michelangelo’s David•Julis II’s tomb Jay8085, “David” July 7, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution

Michelangelo’s Painting

•Tomb suspension led to Sistine Chapel ceiling•Enormous difficulties•Little experience in fresco painting•Complicated perspective problems

Raphael

•Learned from his father•Chosen to paint papal apartments in Vatican•Only finished library and room of Heliodorus•Developed style according to Leonardo and Michelangelo

Summed Up

•Humanism’s importance•Ghiberti’s influence•Brunelleschi’s architecture•Donatello•Leonardo•Michelangelo•Raphael