Mrs. Agosta, Mrs. Hassett and Ms. Pojer

Mrs. Agosta, Mrs. Hassett and Ms. Pojer

I. Origins and History:I. Origins and History:

Judaism is the first Judaism is the first monotheistic religionmonotheistic religion

Yahweh is the Hebrew name Yahweh is the Hebrew name for God.for God.

Hebrews , later called Jews, Hebrews , later called Jews, were nomads who lived in the were nomads who lived in the Fertile Crescent (the Fertile Crescent (the birthplace of monotheism)birthplace of monotheism)

Hebrews, also called the nation Hebrews, also called the nation of Israel, settled in Palestine of Israel, settled in Palestine (the Promised Land)(the Promised Land)

In 930 BCE, the Kingdom In 930 BCE, the Kingdom split split

North was called IsraelNorth was called Israel

South was called Judah South was called Judah

Eventually Israel was invaded Eventually Israel was invaded and the Hebrews lived under and the Hebrews lived under foreign ruleforeign rule

DiasporaDiaspora- - When the Jews When the Jews were forced out of Palestine were forced out of Palestine and were scattered and were scattered They kept their identity, They kept their identity, obeyed Hebrew law, and obeyed Hebrew law, and influenced Christianity and influenced Christianity and IslamIslam

II. Beliefs:II. Beliefs:

MonotheismMonotheism- believe in one - believe in one true Godtrue God

Chosen peopleChosen people- God made a - God made a covenant covenant (binding (binding agreement)agreement) with Abraham with Abraham

Sacred Text:Sacred Text: TorahTorah

- - First 5 books of the First 5 books of the Old TestamentOld Testament

-- Tells the story of the Tells the story of the Hebrew people Hebrew people including their including their enslavement by enslavement by Egyptian PharaohsEgyptian Pharaohs

Ten Ten CommandmentsCommandments-- laws that God gave to laws that God gave to the Hebrews through the Hebrews through MosesMoses They explain They explain

religious duty to God religious duty to God and moral conduct and moral conduct

ProphetsProphets- spiritual leaders that - spiritual leaders that interpreted God’s will and interpreted God’s will and preached preached ethicsethics (moral (moral standards of living)standards of living)

III. Important FactsIII. Important Facts

Place of Worship:Place of Worship:Synagogue or Temple Synagogue or Temple

Today:Today:

Nation of Israel is JewishNation of Israel is Jewish

Neighbor country of Palestine is Neighbor country of Palestine is MuslimMuslim This has led to constant This has led to constant

fighting over common holy fighting over common holy places in Israel places in Israel (Ex. Jerusalem(Ex. Jerusalem) )

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today

Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

The Dome of the Rock

IV. Important Leaders:IV. Important Leaders: AbrahamAbraham Patriarch or father of Judaism, made a Patriarch or father of Judaism, made a

covenant (binding agreement) covenant (binding agreement) with with GodGod

ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR

IsaacIsaac

EsauEsauJacobJacob

12 Tribes of Israel

12 Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

12 Arabian Tribes

Abraham’s GeneaologyAbraham’s Geneaology

MosesMosesadopted son of Egyptian adopted son of Egyptian pharaohpharaoh

led Hebrews out of slavery in led Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt to the Promised Land Egypt to the Promised Land (Canaan). Called the Exodus.(Canaan). Called the Exodus.

“Shepherd of His People”

“Shepherd of His People”

King DavidKing Davidunited the empireunited the empiredefeated the Philistine giant defeated the Philistine giant

Goliath Goliath

King Solomon King Solomon David’s sonDavid’s sonMade Made

Jerusalem into Jerusalem into impressive impressive capital (built capital (built temple and temple and palace)palace)

He was praised He was praised for his wisdomfor his wisdom

DeborahDeborah female judge who won honor and female judge who won honor and

respectrespect In Hebrew society, women were In Hebrew society, women were

subordinate (inferior) to men and could subordinate (inferior) to men and could not participate in some religious not participate in some religious ceremoniesceremonies

Interest DetailsInterest Details

A Mitzvah (MITS-vuh)A Mitzvah (MITS-vuh) literally means commandment. commandment. It is any of ny of the 613 commandments that Jews the 613 commandments that Jews are obligated to observe. It can also are obligated to observe. It can also refer to any Jewish religious refer to any Jewish religious obligation, or more generally to any obligation, or more generally to any good deed. good deed. It’s plural is Mitzvot Mitzvot (mits-VOHT)(mits-VOHT)..

Why do Jews wears a Why do Jews wears a yarmulke?yarmulke?

The most commonly known and recognized piece of Jewish garb is The most commonly known and recognized piece of Jewish garb is actually the one with the least religious significance. The word actually the one with the least religious significance. The word yarmulke (usually, but not really correctly, pronounced yammica) yarmulke (usually, but not really correctly, pronounced yammica) is is YiddishYiddish. It comes from a Tartar word meaning skullcap. . It comes from a Tartar word meaning skullcap. According to some According to some OrthodoxOrthodox rabbisrabbis, it comes from the Aramaic , it comes from the Aramaic words "yerai malka" (fear of or respect for The King). words "yerai malka" (fear of or respect for The King).

It is an ancient practice for Jews to cover their heads during It is an ancient practice for Jews to cover their heads during

prayer. This probably derives from the fact that in Eastern prayer. This probably derives from the fact that in Eastern cultures, it is a sign of respect to cover the head (the custom in cultures, it is a sign of respect to cover the head (the custom in Western cultures is the opposite: it is a sign of respect to remove Western cultures is the opposite: it is a sign of respect to remove one's hat). Thus, by covering the head during prayer, one showed one's hat). Thus, by covering the head during prayer, one showed respect for respect for G-dG-d. In addition, in ancient Rome, servants were . In addition, in ancient Rome, servants were required to cover their heads while free men did not; thus, Jews required to cover their heads while free men did not; thus, Jews covered their heads to show that they were servants of G-d. In covered their heads to show that they were servants of G-d. In medieval times, Jews covered their heads as a reminder that G-d is medieval times, Jews covered their heads as a reminder that G-d is always above them. always above them.

Whatever the reason given, however, covering the head has Whatever the reason given, however, covering the head has always been regarded more as a always been regarded more as a customcustom rather than a rather than a commandmentcommandment. .

http://www.jewfaq.org/signs.htmhttp://www.jewfaq.org/signs.htm

Reading the TorahReading the Torah

Hasidic JewsHasidic Jews

OriginsOrigins Hasidic Jews are called Hasidic Jews are called HasidimHasidim in Hebrew. This in Hebrew. This

word derived from the Hebrew word for loving word derived from the Hebrew word for loving kindness. It focuses on the joyful observance of God’s kindness. It focuses on the joyful observance of God’s commandments, heartfelt prayer and boundless love commandments, heartfelt prayer and boundless love for God and the world He created. for God and the world He created.

The movement originated in Eastern Europe in the The movement originated in Eastern Europe in the 18th century by Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer (1700-1760). 18th century by Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer (1700-1760). As his following grew, he became known as the Baal As his following grew, he became known as the Baal Shem Tov (abbreviated as Besht) which means Shem Tov (abbreviated as Besht) which means “Master of the Good Name”. “Master of the Good Name”.

Why do Hasidic men always Why do Hasidic men always wear a wear a hat?hat?

Religious male Jews (not just Hasidim) Religious male Jews (not just Hasidim) wear a hat to cover the head in respect wear a hat to cover the head in respect for God. Covering the head reminds us for God. Covering the head reminds us that there is a Creator, a Higher Power, that there is a Creator, a Higher Power, above our own limited minds. Any head above our own limited minds. Any head covering will do, but some people like a covering will do, but some people like a certain style of hat to identify their certain style of hat to identify their group. Others simply have personal group. Others simply have personal preferences about hats. preferences about hats.

Why do Hasidic Jews always wear Why do Hasidic Jews always wear black? black?

Some Hasidic groups do have a uniform of Some Hasidic groups do have a uniform of sorts for the men, while others do not. sorts for the men, while others do not. Male Hasidic clothing does not have to be Male Hasidic clothing does not have to be black, but is usually a dark, conservative black, but is usually a dark, conservative color. The use of black clothing on color. The use of black clothing on Sabbaths and holy days traces back to a Sabbaths and holy days traces back to a time when black dye was rare and time when black dye was rare and expensive, so black was reserved for expensive, so black was reserved for formal occasions (the same as tuxedos formal occasions (the same as tuxedos and "black tie" events in the secular and "black tie" events in the secular world.) The Sabbath is a time for honoring world.) The Sabbath is a time for honoring God by dressing nicely (as you would in God by dressing nicely (as you would in the presence of a king), so people wore the presence of a king), so people wore their best black coats on the Sabbath. their best black coats on the Sabbath.

What is the significance of the untrimmed beards and What is the significance of the untrimmed beards and sidecurls?sidecurls?

The The payospayos (sidecurls, pronounced PAY-us) and beard are worn in (sidecurls, pronounced PAY-us) and beard are worn in obedience to this commandment in the Torah (Bible): obedience to this commandment in the Torah (Bible): You shall not round the corners of your heads, nor mar the edges of You shall not round the corners of your heads, nor mar the edges of your beards. (Leviticus 19:27)your beards. (Leviticus 19:27)

The "corners of the head" are the area above the ears. "Not rounding" The "corners of the head" are the area above the ears. "Not rounding" them means not shaving the hair there, or cutting it very short. them means not shaving the hair there, or cutting it very short. Together, both the curls and the untrimmed beard are a symbol of Together, both the curls and the untrimmed beard are a symbol of obedience to the laws of God. Many Hasidic men also cut the rest of obedience to the laws of God. Many Hasidic men also cut the rest of the hair very short. This is not really required, but is more comfortable the hair very short. This is not really required, but is more comfortable under a hat. Also, some Hasidim see the entire haircut -- very short hair under a hat. Also, some Hasidim see the entire haircut -- very short hair with beard and payos -- as part of the "uniform" of their group. with beard and payos -- as part of the "uniform" of their group.

Most men twist them while still wet. If you do this often enough, the hair Most men twist them while still wet. If you do this often enough, the hair gets trained that way. A boy starts wearing payos at age three. Before gets trained that way. A boy starts wearing payos at age three. Before that, his hair is not cut at all, and is allowed to grow long. On his third that, his hair is not cut at all, and is allowed to grow long. On his third birthday, there is a special ceremony where the hair is cut short except birthday, there is a special ceremony where the hair is cut short except for the sidecurls. for the sidecurls.

http://www.pinenet.com/~rooster/hasid2.html#HASID2http://www.pinenet.com/~rooster/hasid2.html#HASID2-Q1-Q1

Mount SinaiMount Sinai

St. Catherine’s Monastery

at Mount Sinai

St. Catherine’s Monastery

at Mount Sinai

Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem

Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem

King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan

King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan

The First TempleThe First Temple

Inside the Temple Tabernacle

Inside the Temple Tabernacle

The Arcof the

Covenant

The Arcof the

Covenant

Kingdoms of

Judah

&

Israel

Kingdoms of

Judah

&

Israel

Israelites in CaptivityIsraelites in Captivity