CELL ORGANIZATION IN THE HUMAN BODY

CHAPTER 2NAME: BAVATHARANE SHANMUGAM

CLASS: 1A1

TEACHER: PN.NOR SURIATI

WHY HUMANS ARE

COMPLEX ORGANISMS?

INTRODUCTION

Analogy – computer consists of various components. Each component has special structure and shape that have been created to do certain functions.

As well as computers, the human body as made up of various types of cells. These cells are different in the form of shape and structure with different functions.

WHAT IS THE PROOF?

1. HUMAN ARE COMPLEX ORGANISMS THAT MADE UP OF MILLION INDIVIDUAL SYSTEMS.

2. SOME OF THE MAJOR SYSTEMS ARE THE BLOOD CIRCULATION, THE SKELETAL SYSTEM, THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

3. THE HUMAN BODY IS A COMPLEX SYSTEM OF CELLS, MOST OF WHICH ARE GROUPED INTO ORGAN SYSTEM THAT HAVE SPECIALISED FUNCTIONS. THESE SYSTEMS CAN BEST BE UNDERSTAND IN TERMS OF THE ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS THEY SERVE; DERIVING ENERGY FROM FOOD, PROTECTION AGAINST INJURY, INTERNAL COORDINATION AND REPRODUCTION.

Human are unique among earth’s life forms as they.

☺Have language and thought

☺ Have a better developed brain than other life forms.

☺ Are able to create and learn from experience.

☺ Are endowed with intelligence which enables them to think and reason rationally and to differentiate right from wrong.

Cell in our body have different sizes and shapes and carry out various functions.

The process in which each type of cell is specialized to perform a specific function is known as division of labor.

• What are the various types of cells that consist in our body?• What is the function of each cell?• Different types of cell carry out

different functions. • These cells have differed structures

and shapes to carry out specialized functions. • These cells are known as

specialized cells.

CELLS

EPHITHELIAL / SKIN CELL

FUNCTION: To prevent the loss of water from body.

EPHITHELIAL / SKIN CELL

CHEEK CELL

FUNCTION: To protect the inner surface of cheek.

MUSCLE CELL

FUNCTION: Enables the body to move through the contraction and the relaxation of muscle.

FUNCTION: To protect the body from invaded by microorganisms.

WHITE BLOOD CELL

FUNCTION: To transport oxygen in the body.

RED BLOOD CELL

REPRODUCTIVE CELL

FUNCTION: Take part in fertilization to produce young for the next new generation

REPRODUCTIVE CELL

BONE CELL

FUNTION: To support and protect the internal organs.

CELL ORGANISATION

1. The human body is organized in the following way:

CELL

TISSUEORGAN

SYSTEM

ORGANISM

2. The organization of cells in this way enables multicellular organisms to carry out various processes of life such as moving, breathing and reproduction.

• Each types of cell carry out a specific function. • Different types of cells have different

structures, shapes and sizes. • Examples of cells:

Nerve cellMuscle cell Reproductive cell

CELL

• A group of similar cells that perform the same function. • Example: - muscle tissue is made up

of muscle cells, and nervous tissue is made up of nerve cells. • There are many types of tissues.

These include covering tissue or protective tissue, supporting tissue, connecting tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, etc.

TISSUE

• Different tissues may be grouped together to perform a particular kind of function. Such a group of tissues is called an organ. • An organ consists of two or more

types of tissues that perform a certain function. • Each type of tissue in an organ

helps the organ perform its function. • Example: - the heart. Each type of

tissue in the heart organ helps it to pump blood to all parts of the body. Ear, stomach, lung, brain.

ORGANS

• Example: each type of tissue in the heart organ helps it to pump blood to all parts of the body.

A few organs that work together to perform a certain function.

Example: - digestive system, reproductive system, excretory system, etc.

These systems work together in harmony within an organism.

SYSTEM

10 systems in a human body

SYSTEM

SYSTEM ORGANS IN SYSTEM

MUSCULAR Muscle

SKELETAL Rib cage, hummers, back bone, femur, skull, pelvic

DIGESTIVE Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestine, liver

REPRODUCTIVE Testis, ovary

SYSTEM ORGANS IN SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY Nose, trachea, lungs, diaphragm

NERVOUS Brain, spinal cord, nerve fiber

BLOOD CIRCULATORY

Heart, blood yessel

EXCRETORY Kidney, skin, lungs

FUNCTION: Muscles contract and relax to move the body.

ORGANS: Muscle

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

FUNCTION: Supports the body and protects the internal organs

ORGAN: Rib cage, hummers, back bone, femur, skull, pelvic

SKELETAL SYSTEM

FUNCTION: Breaks up food into simpler forms so that they are more easily absorbed by the body.

ORGANS: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, intestine, liver

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

FUNCTION: Takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and water vapor from the body.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

ORGANS: Nose, trachea, lungs, diaphragm

FUNCTION: Transports digestive food, oxygen, carbon dioxide and excretory products in the body.

ORGANS: Heart, blood yesses

BLOOD CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

FUNCTION: Removes waste such as urea from the body

ORGANS: Kidney, skin, lungs

FUNCTION: Responds to stimuli from the surroundings and sends impulses from one part of the body to another.

ORGANS: Brain, spinal cord, nerve fiber

NERVOUS SYSTEM

FUNCTION: Produces young for the next generation .

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SPERMS

Red piece

Tail Head

Neck

Middle piece

OVUM

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PENISTESTIS

OVUM

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FUNCTION: Produces male reproductive cell called sperms.

ORGANS: Testis

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

FUNCTION: Produces female reproductive cell called sperms.

ORGANS: Ovaries

FUNCTION: Produces hormones, control reproduction growth and mental development.

ORGANS: Ovary {FEMALE}, Testis {MALE}

ENDOCRIN SYSTEM

Made up of many systems. Different systems work together to

form an organism; Such as HUMAN.

THE END

ORGANISM

THANK YOU!REFRENCES:

I. SCINCE SUCCESS REFERENCE BOOK

II. GOOGLEIII. SCIENCE SCHOOL

NOTE BOOK