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Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
(African Tryponosomiasis)
Prepared by:
NOE P. MENDEZCENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY (CMU)
References: • Murray, P.R., K.S. Rosenthal, G.S. Kobayashi and M.A. Pfaller.
2000. Chapter 76: Blood and Tissue Protozoa. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Mosby Publishing. St. Louis
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. Parasites - African Trypanosomiasis (also known as Sleeping Sickness). 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/biology.htmlOdero, R. 2015. African trypanosomiasis. Medscape. Retrieved from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228613-overview#a5
The Culprit! Trypanosoma brucei gambienseKingdom: ProtistaPhylum: SarcomastigophoraClass: ZoomastigophoraOrder: KinetplastidaFamily: TrypanosomatidaeGenus: TrypanosomaSpecies: T. bruceiSubspecies: T. b. gambiense
LifeCycle
The VectorGlossina palpalis, commonly known as Tsetse fly, is the carrier of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Brief Description:The African trypanosomiasis
is a deadly disease caused by the Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and trasnsmitted by the tsetse fly.
Causes• A bite from an infected tsetse fly causes African
trypanosomiasis .• Blood transfusions are a rare cause of parasitic
transmission.• In rare cases, accidental transmission in the
laboratory has been implicated.
EpidemiologyLimited/distributed only to
Central and West Africa
SymptomsShort term symptoms Long term symptoms1. Occasional Ulcer 1. Lethargy2. Fever 2. Tremors 3. Myalgia 3.Meningoencephalitis4. Athralgia 4.Mental retardation5. Lymph Node Enlargement 5. General Deterioration
Final Stages of the Disease6. Convulsions7. Hemiplegia
8. Comatose State9. DEATH
Laboratory Diagnosis• Thin and thick blood smears
• Centrifugation of heparized samples and anion-exchange chromatography
• Serologic test• Immunofluorescence• ELISA• agglulation
Treatment, Prevention and Control
Acute stages:1. Suramin 2. Pentamidine3. Difluoromethylorit
hine
Chronic Stages:1. Melarsoprol 2. Tryparsamide with suramin3. Difluoromethylorithine
Treatment, Prevention and Control 1.Control Breeding Sites
2.Insecticides3.Treatment of Human
Cases