UNIVERSITY OF PORTHARCOURTFACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGYA SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON:POTENTIAL OF BIO WASTE IN ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION: A GREEN

TECHNOLOGY.

BY

AGGREH, ERHOVWON PETER(U2011/5555010)

MCB 409.2

SUPERVISOR: DR (MRS). CHIOMA BLAISE CHIKERE.CO-ODINATOR: DR O.C ERUTEYA

OCTOBER, 2015.

OUTLINE INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW STATEMENT OF PROBLEM RESEARCH FOCUS BIOREMEDIATION AS A CLEAN UP TECHNIQUE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BIOREMEDIATION SUCCESS. CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH INORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATION BIOLOGICAL WASTE AS AMENDMENTS FOR ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION WHY GREEN TECHNOLOGY? FUTURE PROSPECTS CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTIONDEFINITION OF TERMS

Pollution Crude oil Bio waste Green technology Bioremediation

LITERATURE REVIEWTABLE 1. A LIST OF SOME OF THE ARTICLES USED IN THIS PRESENTATION

S/N TITLE OF ARTICLE YEAR OF PUBLICATION AUTHOR(S)

1 Bioremediation : A new horizon for environmental clean-up

2012 Pandey, B. et al

2 Bioremediation: Features, Strategies and applications

2012 Sharma S.

3 Culture dependent characterization of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria in selected crude oil- impacted sites in Bodo, Ogoni land, Nigeria.

2014 Chikere, B. C. et al

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS The after effect of the application of inorganic fertilizer

to the environment. The inefficiency of natural attenuation to meet up the

restoration of an oil spilled environment. The destruction of the ecosystem due to crude oil

pollution When an oil spill occurs, there is complete depletion of

nutrients.

RESEARCH FOCUS

To evaluate the proficiency of bio waste in bio stimulation of microorganisms in the treatment of polluted environment

HISTORY TABLE 2. TIME LINE BC 600 – PRESENT OF THE HISTORY OF BIOREMEDIATION ADAPTED FROM EPA 2000.

Source: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2000.

EVENT DATEE EVENT DESCRIPTION

B.C 600 Intricate network of sewers were built for collecting waste water which underwent subsequent biological treatment

1800 It was believed that disposing of waste into local rives would dilute the waste

1960 Oil degrading organisms came into focus1970 George Robinson repeatedly revised the process of

bioremediation with jars1972 The first commercial use of bioremediation system to cleanup

a oil pipeline in Pennsylvania. 1980 Commercialization of bioremediation began earnestly.1989 The technology was used on the shorelines after the Exxon

Valdex spill1990 Oil pollution act was passed by congress.2002 - 2015 Field and laboratory experiment commenced fully

BIOREMEDIATION AS A CLEAN UP TECHNOLOGY.

Natural attenuationBio stimulationBio augmentation

TYPES OF NUTRIENT AMENDMENTS

Organic nutrientsInorganic nutrients

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BIOREMEDIATION SUCCESS

TABLE 3. PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS NECESSARY FOR BIOREMEDIATION ADAPTED FROM VIDALI 2001Parameters Conditions required for

microbial activity Optimum value for organic pollutant degradation

Soil moisture

25 - 28% of water holding capacity

30 – 90%

Soil pH 5.5 – 8.8 6.5 to 8.0 Oxygen content Aerobic, minimum air filled pore

space of 10% 10 – 40%

Nutrient content N and P for microbial growth C:N:P=100:10:1

Temperature 15 – 45 20 – 30 Heavy metals Type of soil

Total content – 2000 ppm Low clay or sill content

700 ppm 700

CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH INORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATION

It is environmentally unfriendly It is relatively scarce and costly

BIOLOGICAL WASTE AS AMENDMENTS FOR ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION

The waste serves as bulky agents which helps to increase porosity and permeability of the crude oil polluted environment which in turns promotes the free movement of oxygen, nitrogen and other nutrients thereby making it more accessible to the microorganisms.

The waste encompasses the activation of the activities of critical soil enzymes which would ultimately increase microbial population

SOURCES OF BIO WASTETABLE 4. WASTE BIOMASS RESOURCES ADAPTED FROM UNEP 2009

SOURCE WASTECassava Cassava mesocapCoconut Fronds, husk, groundCorn Cob, Stover, stalks, leavesCotton StalksCow Cow dungGoat Goat droppingsNuts HullsPeanuts ShellsRice Hull, hush, straw, stalksSugar cane Bagasse

Wood Sawdust

PREDOMINANT MICROORGANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR CRUDE OIL

DEGRADATION.Acinethobacter spActinobacter spAcaligenes spArthrobacter spBacillus spBerigerinckia spFlavobacterium spMethylosinus spMycococcus sp

Nitrosomonas spNorcardia spPenicillum spPlanerochaete spPsudomonas spRhizoctoma spSeratia spXanthofacter sp (B Pandey et al, 2012).

WHY GREEN TECHNOLOGY? Sustainability: the process does produce waste that have no adverse and after effect to the

environment. It is environmental friendly. Viability: it is a technique that aims at creating a center of economic activity around

technologies in terms of pollution control that benefits the environment, speeding implementation and creating new sub discipline careers that truly protects the planet.

Innovation: it provides alternatives to other techniques such as the use inorganic fertilizers as bio stimulants that have been demonstrated to damage health and the environment.

Cost: it is cost effective. Acceptance: it is an accepted practice by most individuals due to it’s safe processes and

operation. Ease of operation: it doesn't disrupts everyday activities while been carried out. Etc. Profit: it is a process that aims at improving the economy of a nation financially. Effectiveness: it is an effective technique that solely reduces contaminants in pollution control

to a save level.

MECHANISM OF OIL BIODEGRADATION- A MICROBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Microorganisms uses the crude oil as an energy source by feeding on them just as we eat food to get energy but this crude oil lacks some elemental nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus which can only be supplied only by bio stimulants(waste) just as we also need vitamins to supplement the food we eat.

DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATION(MICROORGANISMS HAVING FUN)

GGGFBHBF

Fig 1. Diagrams showing the mechanisms of operation of microorganisms during bio stimulation in an enhanced bioremediation process.

Source. Google downloads.

CONTESTS OF USING BIO WASTE The usage of bio waste requires a long time to achieve optimum results. It requires extensive monitoring. The process lack control after the application of the nutrients. It is a dynamic process, it is difficult to predict future effectiveness.

FUTURE PROSPECTS The use of bio surfactants should be considered as a

nutrient amendment process. Molecular analysis of microbial activity during a

bioremediation process should be look into.

CONCLUSIONOrganic waste can improve microbial growth.Biotechnology is a safe practice.Inorganic fertilizers should be avoided.Public awareness should be created.Pollution should be avoided.

REFERENCES Alfred, O. U. (2011). Bioremediation strategies for oil polluted marine ecosystems. Australian. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 12: 161-162.

Chikere, C. B., Okpokwasili., G. C. and Chikere, B. O. (2011). Monitoring of microbial hydrocarbon remediation in soil. 3 Biotech. 1 (3): 117-138.

Pandey, B. and Fulekar. (2012). Bioremediation technology: A new horizon for environmental cleanup. Biology and medicine. 4: 53-56.

THANKS A LOT FOR YOUR ATTENTION.