CANCER PROTEOMICS

PRESENTATION BYMERESHEGA JAYASANKAR

M.SC BIOTECHNOLOGY 2ND YEAR

WHAT IS CANCER?

Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells caused by multiple changes in gene expression (or) mutation

Types of cancerBenign tumorMalignant tumor 3 specific groups (i) carcinomas (ii) sarcomas (iii) Leukemias (or) lymphomas

PROPERTIES OF CANCER CELLDensity dependent inhibitionAutocrine growth stimulationLess adhesive than normal cellsInsensitive to contact inhibition growthProteases, AngiogenesisFail to differentiate normallyNo apoptosisMetastasis

Causes of cancer

In 1775 Percivall Pott a british surgeon correlation between an environmental agent & development of cancer

Carcinogenic agents

DNA and RNA tumor virus

Tumor suppressor genesRegulate the growth of cells

1st suppressor gene to be studied is retinoblastoma (RB) (sporadic and familial)

Caretaker genes

Gatekeeper genes

p53Guardian of the genomeRepair of damaged DNAApoptosis if there is extensive

damaged DNATP53 when absent may cause Li-

Fraumeni syndome.BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor

suppressor genes help repair damaged DNA

OncogenesPromote loss of growth control

Derived from proto-oncogenes

First human oncogene identified as human homolog of the rasH(oncogene of harvey sarcoma virus)

Activation of oncogene called gene amplification (erbB-2)

proteomicsThe term proteomics and proteome coined by

Mark Willkins & his colleagues

Complete collection of proteins encoded by a genome of an organism

Various type of techniques Biomarkers 2-D PAGE Mass spectrometry Protein microarrays

BiomarkersA cancer biomarker refers to that is

indicative of the presence of cancer in the body

Important tool for cancer detection & monitoring

Proteins used as biomarkers (HER-2, EGFR)

Most cancer markers are proteins.

Protein separation2-d page

Mass spectrometryIt is an analytical technique that

ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass to charge ratio

Used to identify proteins in a mixture

MALDI-TOF : Matrix associated laser desorption ionization time of flight

MALDI-TOF

SELDI -TOFExtension of MALDI-TOF

The differences between SELDI & MALDI construction of sample

target design of the analyzer software tools used

Future implications

Improvements in the area of multidimensional separations promise the importance of biomarkers identification (LCM)

Development of proteomic pattern diagnostic might represent a revolution in the field of molecular field

Nanotechnology devices have the potential to greatly expand the capabilities of proteomics, addressing and providing a "toolbox" to translate the discovery of protein biomarkers to novel therapeutic and diagnostic tests

Nanowires & nanocantilever arrays can be used in biosensors that measure minute quantities of biomarkers in biological fluids

ReferencesProteomic Applications for

detection of cancer (Nature Reviews) Julia D. Wulfkuhle, Lance A.Liotta

& Emanuel F.PetricoinCell Biology 7th EDITION (Gerald Karp) chapter-16 The cell  2nd EDITION A Molecular

approach (Geoffrey M Cooper) chapter-13

THANK YOU