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Non-Verbal Communication
Subhendu Pattnaik
It’s what you do NOT say, Counts!It’s what you do NOT say, Counts!
It’s what you do NOT say, Counts!
Seriously!
Power of Non-Verbal MessagingResearch shows that when Verbal & Non-Verbal messages contradict each other, it’s the non-verbal message that people believe.Types of Non-Verbal Communication
• Body Communication• Facial Communication• Eye Communication• Touch Communication • Paralanguage & Silence• Spatial Messages• Temporal Communication
Body Communication• Body Gestures or Movements• Emblems• Illustrators• Affect Displays• Regulators• Adaptors
• Body Appearance
Emblems
• Expresses 10 Emotions – Happiness, Surprise, Fear, Anger, Sadness, Disgust, Contempt, Interest, Bewilderment and Determination.
• Same Facial Expression in different contexts can be interpreted differently. Smiling face against a sad face vs Smiling face against angry face.
• Facial Management techniques help you to display emotions in a socially acceptable way. Although deceptive, they are socially expected. Hiding emotions when you win while your best friend loses.
• Facial Feedback – People who feel and express emotions more are more emotionally aroused than people who feel but do not express their emotions.
Facial Communication
Eye CommunicationAverage length of gaze is about 3 seconds. More than that is staring. Less than that is disinterest. Cultural connotations exist. US Vs Japan
• Eye Contact• Studies show listeners gaze at speakers more than speakers gaze at listeners. Feels awkward when this reverses.• Visual Dominance – You increase gaze and gaze intently at listeners when making an important point• Regulates or Controls Conversation – by letting other person know when she can speak.• Signals nature of relationship – you increase eye-contact when you like someone.• Signals status and aggression – Longer eye contact between strangers mostly turn hostile. • Visual Dominance – You assert your position using this.
• Eye Avoidance (Civil Inattention or Lack of Interest) – You look away when couples get close in public
• Pupil Dilation – Larger dilated pupils are indicative of person’s positive interest, thus appear beautiful.
Touch Communication (Haptics)Touch may communicative 5 major meanings.
• Positive Emotions – Support, Appreciation, Inclusion, Sexual Interest, Affection
• Playfulness – lightens an interaction
• Control behaviours of others – Hurry up, Do it, Move here.
• Ritualistic – Greetings and Departures etc.
• Task-Related – Removing dust from someone’s face, checking forehead for fever
• Touch Avoidance – Those who fear oral communication show high degree of touch avoidance. Older People too.
• Gender & Cultural Differences – Ex: Females & Korea
Paralanguage Communication Paralanguage is vocal but non-verbal dimension of speech. It refers to the way in which you say words –
• Volume
• Pitch
• Speaking rate
• Voice quality
• People who talk fast are more persuasive and are evaluated more highly than those who talk at or below normal speeds.
• Rapid Speech rate is more persuasive or not depends on whether speaker is speaking in favor of you or against you.
• She’s giving this money to me.• Meaning: SHE is the one giving the money, nobody else.
• She’s giving this money to me.• Meaning: She is GIVING, not lending.
• She’s giving this money to me.• Meaning: MONEY is being exchanged, not anything else.
• She’s giving this money to me.• Meaning: I am getting the money, nobody else.
Silence Communication Silence serves important communication function.
• Allows time to speaker to think
• Prepares the receiver for the importance of future messages
• Used as a response to personal anxiety, shyness or threats
• Used to prevent communication
• Used to communicate emotional responses
• Used to achieve specific effects – Prolonged silence gives sense of authority; Nothing to Say
Spatial Messages (Proxemics)• Proxemic Distances – Intimate vs Personal vs
Social vs Public (Measured in Inches and Feet)• Theories about Space
• Protection Theory• Equilibrium Theory• Expectancy Violation Theory (Cultural Expected Distance)• Territoriality – Primary (Home Field Advantage) vs Secondary (These don’t belong to you but you are associated with them) vs Public Territories (Movie hall etc)• Territory Markers – Central Markers (Handkerchief in bus) vs Boundary Markers ( Fence in the grocery line) vs Ear Markers (Dorm room posters)•
Space Decoration – Aesthetic conditions of a room influences the judgements people made in it.
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Color Communication – Colors affect us physiologically – Respiration increases in red and soothes in blue.
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Scent – Olfactory Communication – Communicates attraction, Taste, Memory and Identification.
Temporal CommunicationPsychological Time – This refers to the importance place on the past, present or future. • Past Orientation – You relive memories and past.
• Present Orientation – You engage in work today because they are happening now.
• Future Orientation – Save Today, work hard for future.
