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Unmanned aerial vehicles New possibilities using UAV in remote sensing
of the environment Jakub KARAS
RPAS - remotely piloted aircraft system
UAS - unmanned aerial system
UAV - unmanned aerial vehicle ...is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. Its flight is controlled either autonomously by onboard computers or by the remote control of a pilot on the ground or in another vehicle
ADVANTAGES: • significantly cheaper to operate (compared to
usage piloted machines)
• easy handling and mobility
• high flexibility for the use of machines in action
• possible to use (takeoffs and landings) even in hard-to-reach areas
• low noise operation
• resistance - extremely dangerous locations
• high resolution images and videos
• other potential benefits of the acquisition specific data in connection with the physical microsensors
How to choose right UAS Each Unmanned Aerial System has its own specifics with which we calculate and adjust the selection of
the purpose for which it is acquired ...
RPAS/UAS – specifications
Copter x wing types
Copter
- variability of different sensors, limited weight - the use of mapping, through monitoring, after shooting - vertical take-off and landing (some even from hand) - online video transmission from the sensor - manual x automatic flight
Wing (Plane)
- limited to mapping a predetermined sensor - take-off from the hand or from the ramp - landing automatic (manual)
WING UAV take-off from the hand or from the ramp
SENSORS • RGB camera • Multispectral camera • Hyperspectral camera • Thermal camera • Laser scanner • Specific sensors (gas sensors etc.)
USING UAS IN ENVIRONMENT
FORESTRY WATER
MANAGEMENT AGRICULTURE
ACTUAL MAPPING
ENVIRONMENT GREEN
DOCUMENTATION ENERGY
NATURE INCIDENTS
CURRENTNESS x SPEED x ACCESS
AREAS OF USE FORESTRY, WATER MANAGEMENT,
AGRICULTURE
ACTUAL ORTHOPHOTOMAPS Current orthophoto, flying the next day depending on the weather, in a short period...
* Mokrá quarry
ACTUAL ORTHOPHOTOMAPS Actual orthophotomaps in very high image resolution for small areas
* Timber depot in image resolution 7 mm/pixel
Orthophotos according to specific requirements * Průhonice park – orthophoto 3 cm/pixel
Current orthophotomaps according to specific customer requirements (different compared to a conventional orthophotos - WMS). Mapping during the low clouds (without shadows), flying the next day depending on the weather conditions, in a short period..
ORTOPHOTOMAPS NIR, NDVI, Thermal actual orthophoto in the NIR, NDVI, thermal imaging, for vegetation indIces, precision farming, application maps for clever agriculture machines * breeding wheat field
ACTUAL MAPPING AND AERIAL MONITORING
• Mapping the exact extent of damage in the fields after wildlife
IDENTIFICATION ANIMALS BEFORE HARVEST * Monitoring of wildlife and their position in the agricultural fields the day before harvest
ACTUAL MONITORING NATURE INCIDENTS
EROSION x LANDSLIDES x FLOODINGS x FOREST CALAMITY x WATERLOGGING x GEOLOGICAL ...
MONITORING EROSION INCIDENT Orthophotomap erosion incident in Postupice in image resolution 1 cm/pixel
MONITORING EROSION EVENT Orthophotomap erosion event in Postupice in image resolution 1 cm/pixel
MONITORING EROSION INCIDENT
Digital terrain model detail digital map grooves in dimensions 10 - 20 cm
MONITORING NATURE INCIDENTS
* D8 highway landslide, textured point cloud
Mapping possible immediately after the incident. Visualization of the extent of damage on the basis of the chosen strategy, progress and possible risks. From one flight RPAS - aerial photography, orthophotos, high-resolution point cloud 3D model visualization ... Further options videodocumentation, aerial photos.
MONITORING NATURE INCIDENTS * D8 highway landslide, ortophotomap in 5 cm/px
MONITORING NATURE INCIDENTS * drainage water, waterlogging
MONITORING NATURE INCIDENTS * geological structures
ACTUAL MAPPPING AND MONITORING * Prague floods in 2013 from UAV
PASPORTIZATION / INVENTORY Forest extraction
INVENTORY FROM ACTUAL ORTHOPHOTOMAP * forest – Holýšov, 2 cm/pixel
INVENTORY * detail stumps
IDENTIFICATIONS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
The possibility of using remote sensing to identify drainage systems
• direct identification of lines of drains, fragments until comprehensive drainage systems (DS) using different means and acquisition of various types of data
• accurate topologies and determine their actual position
• in the field (correction of the project documentation)
• Using different outputs and sensors from UAV during different weather conditions
IDENTIFICATIONS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
IDENTIFICATIONS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
IDENTIFICATIONS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
Mapping in different time period
IDENTIFICATIONS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
combination with thermal mapping
IDENTIFICATIONS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
combination with digital surface model
IDENTIFICATIONS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
VOLUME MEASURING / MAPPING OF THE CURRENT SITUATION
VOLUME MEASURING
Calculations volumes of landfill materials and their monitoring changes over time - in sandpits, quarries and mines, if we knowing the digital terrain model of the original plane.
After several testing at landfills coal mines Tušimice the measurement accuracy of the resulting volumes of 0.2% over the conventional method of stereo/ photogrammetry.
* decimated point cloud
VOLUME MEASURING/MAPPING OF THE CURRENT SITUATION
VOLUME MEASURING / MAPPING OF THE CURRENT SITUATION
Calculations volumes of landfill materials and their monitoring changes over time - in sandpits, quarries and mines, if we knowing the digital terrain model of the original plane.
* Wood dump– orthophotomap 6 mm/pixel
* 3D model
VOLUME MEASURING
OUTPUTS
• Actual orthophotomaps and mapping (high image resolution
1 – 25 cm/pixel) in RGB or NIR
• Digital surface/terrain models (point clouds)
• Oblique and vertical aerial images, photoplans
• Spherical images and aerial virtual travels
• Aerial videodocumentations
• Aerial monitoring, pasportization
• 3D models
• Volume measuring
LEGISLATION • registration requirement unmanned aerial means to the Civil
Aviation Authority, the allocation of a registration number
• need permits for aerial work (commercial use)
• UAV pilot exams (theoretical and practical)
• insurance UAV
