Spring 2011THE NEW NATION

Nanci Pelosi (D-California) out, Ralph Boehner (R-Iowa) in

CHANGE IN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

LEADERSHIP TODAY, 1/5/11

Definition: an example used to justify similar situations that happen at a later time

BAV TERM: PRECEDENT

SET PRECEDENT

This happens RIGHT before we write the Constitution: Some states owed money after the Revolutionary War When they couldn’t pay, the states seized their farms

and took the land as payment Farmers in Massachusetts grew very upset One ANGRY farmer, Daniel Shay, (Rev. war captain) led

1,000 men toward an arsenal in Mass. and started fighting the state militia about his stolen land

If this occurred today, what would happe? Under the Articles of Confederation, what could the US do? There was NO ARMY, to protect people in Mass. There were NO TAXES that the national government could

charge to pay off the state’s debt There was NO PRESIDENT to step in and help!

SHAY’S REBELLION!

Shows the n

eed for t

he Const

itutio

n

SHAYS REBELLION

GW won EVERY vote in the Electoral College

Remember, the runner up is supposed to be his VP Had to have

a separate election for VP, winner = John Adams

GEORGE WASHINGTON: ELECTED USING THE NEW CONSTITUTION!

Created a cabinet…

ISSUE #1: WASHINGTON NEEDS HELP

Sec. of State (in charge of US relations with other countries

Sec. of the Treasury (deals with all financial matters)

Sec. of War (in charge of national defense)

Attorney General (in charge of all legal affairs)

A cabinet is the group of people who are selected by the president to help him in his dai ly dut ies. To the r ight are the fi rst cabinet posit ions, and those who served Washington then, and Obama today.There were or iginal ly only 3 cabinet posit ions. Today, there are 21.

WASHINGTON’S CABINET, THEN AND NOW…

Hamilton believed STRONGLY that the US should pay for ALL the remaining Revolutionary War debt

The other members of the cabinet disagreed. Especially those from VA

So they needed to COMPROMSE. Washington said he would move the capital to VA if VA would let him pay off EVERYONE’s debt.

ALEXANDER HAMILTON'S THOUGHTS ON NATIONAL DEBT

I’m Alexander Hamilton,

first Sec. of the Treasury

CAPITAL MOVES FROM NY TO DC

Established the fi rst cabinet…Allowed his Sec. of Treasury to make a plan to take on

all remaining Rev. War debt In exchange, he moved the capital the VA (eventually

becomes Washington DC) Today: Whiskey Rebellion and political parties

emerge…

WASHINGTON REVIEW

CHANGES IN GW’S CABINET

Now that Hamilton has the okay to pay off the war debt, he needs to raise taxes. And he decides fi rst to tax imports and exports, and then, he taxes whiskey

In western PA, farmers turned their leftover grain to whiskey

Weren’t pay their taxes and tax collectors were sent in

WHISKEY REBELLION

Washington was very upset about how these farmers were handling their frustration

He went to solve the problem himselfPersonally marched army to PA to stop the rebellion

Told people if they wanted to change the laws they had to follow the new rules in the Constitution

WASHINGTON’S REACTION

Washington announces to those close to him that he WILL NOT run for a 3 rd term. No matter what…

So the buzz begins, who will take his placeDiff erent people with diff erent ideas start to make

their move

THE EMERGENCE OF POLITICAL PARTIES

I’m retiring

this time…

seriously!

Seriously!? Me too…

Political party: people with similar ideas about government, who join together and try to get their candidates into offi ce

The fi rst two political parties had leaders who each formerly served in GW’s cabinet: Thomas Jefferson

Republicans Alexander Hamilton

Federalists

FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES

WASHINGTON SAYS GOODBYE… “FAREWELL ADDRESS”

The period for a new election of a citizen to administer the executive government of the United States being not far distant, and the time actually arrived when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who is to be clothed with that important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that I should now apprise you of the resolution I have formed, to decline being considered among the number of those out of whom a choice is to be made.

AKA: Another election is coming up and I have decided not to run again

MAIN IDEAS IN HIS FAREWELL ADDRESS

I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discr iminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful eff ects of the spir it of party general ly.

This spir it , unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under diff erent shapes in al l governments, more or less stifl ed, control led, or repressed; but, in those of the popular form, it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spir it of revenge, natural to party dissension, which in diff erent ages and countries has perpetrated the most horr id enormities, is itself a fr ightful despotism. But this leads at length to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries which result gradually incl ine the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual; and sooner or later the chief of some prevail ing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposit ion to the purposes of his own elevation, on the ruins of public l iberty. AKA: pol it ical parties are bad and we should NOT have them in America

FAREWELL ADDRESS IDEAS CONT.

It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infi delity to existing engagements. I hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to private aff airs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be observed in their genuine sense. But, in my opinion, it is unnecessary and would be unwise to extend them.

Taking care always to keep ourselves by suitable establishments on a respectable defensive posture, we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary emergencies.

Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand; neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences;

AKA: steer clear of Permanent Alliances, don’t make other countries mad by showing favorites

FAREWELL ADDRESS IDEAS CONT.

Federalists 1. Favored strong central

government.2. "Loose" interpretation of the

Constitution.3. Encouragement of commerce

and manufacturing.4. Strongest in Northeast.5. Favored close ties with

Britain.6. Emphasized order and

stability.

1. Emphasized states' rights.2. "Strict" interpretation of

the Constitution.3. Preference for agriculture

and rural life.4. Strength in South and

West.5. Foreign policy sympathized

with France.6. Stressed civil liberties and

trust in the people

THE FIRST TWO PARTIES WERE…

Republicans

Election of 1796Adams = first placeJefferson = second

placeThese two men were

from opposing parties: Adams = Federalist, Jefferson = Republicanhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiEO1jQcSjc

JOHN ADAMS BECOMES PRESIDENT