Theme of Theme of CConstitutional onstitutional CConvention = onvention = CCompromiseompromise

ConcessionsConcessions

                                    

            The U.S Constitution

English Traditions

Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments

NY State ConstitutionThe Iroquois Confederacy

The Challenge continues….RatificationThe Challenge continues….Ratification

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1.1.How was the How was the Constitution to be Constitution to be ratified?ratified?

2.2.Why was their Why was their opposition?opposition?

3.3.Who opposed and Who opposed and why?why?

1.1.How was the How was the Constitution to be Constitution to be ratified?ratified?

2.2.Why was their Why was their opposition?opposition?

3.3.Who opposed and Who opposed and why?why?

                           

According the new U.S. Constitution Article VII

requires 9 states to Ratify the document

                           

The challenge of ratification was to unite 13 diverse states

(population, wealth, size) under a common government

system

““If men were angels, If men were angels, no government no government

would be necessary. would be necessary. If angels were to If angels were to

govern men, neither govern men, neither external nor internal external nor internal

controls on controls on government would government would

be necessary.”be necessary.” James MadisonJames Madison

Federalists Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

How about a Boxing Analogy……

The ratification of the Constitution was hotly hotly contested in many states pitting those in favor of a strong central gov’t (Federalist) and those who

feared a strong central gov’t (Anti-Federalist)

Strong gov’t to run the country

Protect individual

rights

VS.VS.

The Federalist PapersThe Federalist Papers

(the most influential political (the most influential political literature of the time) literature of the time)

1) Argued that limitations on 1) Argued that limitations on governmental power were governmental power were builtbuilt into the Constitution into the Constitution

2) Need for strength to earn 2) Need for strength to earn respect abroadrespect abroad

                           

The Federalist PapersFederalist Papers were a series of 8585 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, under the pen-name "Publius," that appeared in New York newspapers (primarily, the Independent Journal and the New York Packet) from October 1787 to May 1788. The essays urged New York delegates to ratify the Constitution. In 1788, the essays were

published in a bound volume entitled the Federalist and eventually became known as the Federalist Papers.

                           

To address fears that the Constitution would give the central government too much power and would limit individual freedom, Hamilton,

Jay, and Madison analyzed the Constitution in detail and outlined the built in checks and

balances meant to divide power between the three branches of government and to preserve

the rights of the people and states.

Ratification ChartFederalistsFederalists Anti- FederalistsAnti- Federalists

Position: Position: SupportedSupported Position : Position : OpposedOpposed

WHY?WHY? Large land owners, businessmen, wealthy

Wanted a stronger central govt. to protect their economic interests

WHY? WHY? Feared stronger central government

Constitution lacked a Bill of Rights

Too Much power to the president

Placed power in the hands of the wealthy

The proposed The proposed Constitution. . . is, Constitution. . . is,

in strictness, in strictness, neither a national neither a national

nor a federal nor a federal constitution; but a constitution; but a

composition of composition of both both

James MadisonJames Madison

The state motto, "Live free or die," and nine stars, signifying the fact that New

Hampshire was the ninth state to ratify the