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POLITICAL PARTIESAND
PARTY SYSTEMS
What is a Political Party?
A group of people that is organized for the purpose of winning government power, by electoral or other means.
A political organization which nominates candidates for election to a legislature.
Characteristics of a Political Party:
Has an organized structure with lines of authority and power distribution.
Seek to attract popular support in the form of votes.
Party Membershipmeans formal attachment to a political party,
usually involving the assumption of obligations to the party and receiving privileges from the party.
Usually require a person to apply formally for membership, and party officials can accept or reject the application (though in fact they are usually accepted).
The person must at least pay annual dues and sometimes take an oath to support the party’s principles and candidates.
Party Membership Rules:
Principal Activities of Parties
Selecting CandidatesParties virtually monopolize nominations,
which give them tremendous power to shape governments and policies.
Election CampaigningThose professionals, hired by the candidates
for substantial fees, organize high-tech campaigns that feature such up-to-date (and costly) techniques and raising money by computerized direct mail advertising.
The Functions of Political Parties
Leadership RecruitmentThe political party is still likely to be a
structure that identifies potential leaders, brings them to public attention, and secures them the support necessary for taking public office.
Interest AggregationThe most effective way for parties
to attract a wide base of support is to set up internal party procedures that permit different points of view-different interests-to be presented, discussed, compromised and aggregated.
Policy Formulation
The successful party finds out what people want and finds way to combine and address those demands. Specific policies inevitably begin to emerge in this process.
Campaigning
In today’s world of mass media, political consultants, and direct mail advertising, the parties still play a part in ensuring that voters are registered, that they know the differences among the candidates, and that they know when and where to vote on election day.
Governing
The leader of the party winning the most votes takes the top leadership role (be it president or prime minister), works with the advice of a cabinet formed of his own party.
Differences among Parties
In the Nature and Role of IdeologyThe platforms of other parties
say relatively little about ideologies and focus mainly on the parties’ proposed solutions to specific problems that especially concern voters at the time of the election.a) Missionary Parties
Parties whose principal aim is to win converts for their ideologies, not to maximize their votes so as to win elections.
b) Broker PartiesParties whose main goal is to win
elections, and who therefore appeal to as broad a spectrum of interests and ideologies as possible.
In CentralizationIn Discipline
Leader’s control of the members achieved by
dispensing rewards & imposing sanctions.
In CohesionThe extent to w/c party members
holding public office act together on policy issues.
Party Systems The system of interactions resulting
from inter-party competition.
Single-party systemPolitical system in which only
one political power is allowed.Hegemonic party system
A system in which there is more than a single party.
a)One-Party System
Two-Party SystemA state in which just two parties
dominate. Other parties might exist but they have no political importance.
Multi-Party SystemA system where more than two
parties have some impact in a state’s political life.
Some Philippine Political Parties
MAJORITY
Nacionalista Party
Liberal PartyPartido Liberal
ng Pilipinas
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
Force of the Filipino Masses
Lakas-Kabalikat ng Malayang Pilipino-Christian
MuslimDemocrats
Lakas Kampi - CMD
MINORITY
Gabriela Party
Anak mindanao Party
AnakPawis Party
THANK YOU!