Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir (kichwa)

RESUMEN_BUEN_VIVIR_KICHWA_RESUMEN BUEN VIVIR KICHWA 23/04/10 14:03 Page 1

René Ramírez GallegosMamallakta Wiñarinapa Paktay YuyaytaKillkakamayuk Pushak

Miguel Carvajal AguirreRikurayanata Tinkichik Kamaywasipak Pushak

Katiuska King MantillaKapu kullkillaktay Tinkichik Kamaywasipak Pushak

Doris Soliz CarriónLlaktayta Tinkichik Kamaywasipak Pushak

Nathalie Cely SuárezPukuchiyta, Llankayta, Mishanakuyta TinkichikKamaywasipak Pushak

Jeannette Sánchez ZuritaRunakunapak Allikayta Tinkichik Kamaywasipak Pushak

María Fernanda Espinosa GarcésWiñay Kawsay Tiyakta TinkichikKamaywasipak Pushak

Jorge Glas EspinelKawsay Ruraykunata Tinkichik KamaywasipakPushak

Montgomery Sánchez ReyesEcuador Marka Pushakkunapak Tantariy Shutipi

Paúl Granda LópezEcuador Kitiy Pushakkunapak Tantariy Shutipi

Hugo Quiroz VallejoEcuador Sulka Pushakkunapak Tantariy Shutipi

Carlos Díez TorresRunakunapak Ayniyay, Rikurayanapash TantariyShutipi (chapaklla)

Diego Martínez VinuezaTantaripak Killkak

ECUADOR MAMALLAKTAMAMALLAKTA PAKTAYMAN TANTARIY RUNAKUNA

Rafael Correa DelgadoMamallaktapak Kamachishka Pushak

Ecuador Mamallakta. Mamallakta Wiñarinkapak Paktaykuna

Mamallaktapak Sumak Kawsay Paktaykuna 2009-2013: Tawkasami Mamallakta Kashkata Kawsakpura Rurankapa

Kichikishka Killka

© Mamallakta Wiñarinapa Paktay Yuyayta Killkakamayuk - SENPLADES, 2010

Quito, Ecuador (shukniki killka, 2.000 Kamukuna)

Kay kamu killkay yuyayta hapisha nishpaka, kay sapita nipay

Mamallaktapak Paktana Yuyaytaka SENPLADES rurashkami, payka Secretaría Técnica del Sistema NacionalDescentralizado de Planificación Participativa kashkamantami, imashina Pushak Kamachishka 1577, 2009 watapi, 26 panchikillapi; chayta Pushak Rafael Correa Mamallakta Paktayman Tantariy Runakunaman ari nichun rikuchishka. MamallaktaWiñanaman Paktana Yuyaykunata, kay pushak kamachiy pachapika “Mamallaktapak Sumak Kawsay Paktaykuna 2009-2013” nishpami riksinchik, kayta ari nishkami 2009 watapi 05 sasi killapi, Kamay Yuyariwan Nº CNP-001-2009.

Kay killkayka, Mamallakta Paktayman Tantariy Runakunapak, kunan pushak kashka shutipimi killkashka.

TinkichiyMaría Belén Moncayo – Paktayñanpak, Llankayñanpakpash PushakAdrián López – Llankayñanpak, Runakunapak Yuyarishka Kaypash Kati Pushak

TikrachikkunaJosé Caiza CaizaArturo MuyolemaElvira Miñacajas María Juana Paca Tránsito Chela

Tikrachikkuna, rikukkuna, llankay tinkichikkunapash, españolmanta alli mana alli kichwamantikrachishka yuyaykunata rikuna kan.

Kay killkay Paktay Yuyaymanta, kichikishka killkaymi kan Hatun kamuta killka katinkapakka kaypi yaykupay: http://plan.senplades.gov.ec

SENPLADESAv. Juan León Mera No. 130 y Patria. PBX: (593 2) 3978900. Fax: (593 2) 2563332. Quito- Ecuador

Nikiklinchi panka web www senplades.gov.ec; zirma willay: [email protected]/ [email protected].

Killkayman RikukkunaRosa María Vacacela GualánJosé Atupaña Guanulema

Killka ShuyukMiguel Dávila P.Soluciones Gráficas


Katikillka

Rikuchi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1. 2009-2013 Mamallakta Sumak Kawsay Paktaypak Wallpariy Katikuy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.1. Mamakamachiy churashka hatunwiñariy llankayñan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.2. Paktayta wallpankapa pushay yuyaykuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.3. Kawsaypak Ayninakuy Llankayñan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.4. Katikuy pachapi Paktachishkakuna, ushashkakuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2. Allikay yuyachikuna, kati ruraykunapash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.1. Allikay yuyaychikuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.2. Rurana pushay yuyaykuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3. Mushuk kawsayman kutik: kullki yuyaymanta Sumak Kawsayman Wiñariy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.1. Sumak Kawsay yuyayman kuchuyaykuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.2. Sumak Kawsaypak yuyarikuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.3. Ecuador llaktapak Mamakamachiypi Sumak Kawsay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.4. Tawkasami, tawka kawsay Hatun Mamallaktata Wallpashpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

4. Taripay yuyari : 3 chunka wata kullkipilla yuyal, 31 killata runakunapak Kuyurimuy. . . . . . . 264.1. ¿Imamantatak mushuk waranka watapak Ecuador llaktaka mushukyayta mutsun? . . . . 264.2. Revolución Ciudadana tantanakuypak 31 killa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

5. Charishkata mushukllaman wiñachina, Sumak kawsayta charinkapa rakina . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.1. Mushuk kawsanakuyman arininakuy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545.2. Shuklaya mushuk kullkayta wallpay, Sumak kawsayta charinkapa rakinapash . . . . . . . 555.3. Mushuk pushay yachay kullkaypak tatkikuna, suni watakunapi kutin rakinapash . . . . 56

6. 2009-20013 watakunapak Pushay yachay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596.1. Kapukyachik ñankunata kimirichina, charishkakunata kutin rakinapash

imalaya kikin charishkata shuktakyachina, tantarinapash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596.2. Mamakullkimanta yachayta mushukyachiy, murukunata akllashpa

shuktak Mamallaktamanta yaykuchimuy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596.3. Kapukkuna tiyachun mirachina, tawkasamita kanchaman kachana,

istaman katukkuna, allpapachaman kachaypash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606.4. Pushay yachaywan yaykuchina, allpapacha watupi kachun,

Apya-Yala tantarichunpash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616.5. Hatun yachayta mushukyachina, amawtaywan, sumakruraywan,

mushuk yuyaywan yachayta mushukyachipash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626.6. Tinkunakuy, willanakushpa kawsak runakunaman

karumanta willana, riksiykunapash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636.7. Zirma urmata mushukyachina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646.8. Hatun kullkipak milka ukupi Sumak Kawsaypak kullkita churana hayñita,

paktakayta charik Mamakamachiyyuk Mamallatapak ukupi hayñita kamanapash . . . . . 656.9. Runakunata yanapaywan yaykuchina, ukllana, hayñita, paktakayta charik

Mamakamachiyyuk Mamallatapak ukupi hayñita kamanapash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

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6.10. Iñilyay, wakaychiy, pachamama charimushkapak yachay,tukuypak riksiyta mirachinapash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6.11. Wiñachiypash, saywashka allpata kamachiyna, mana ñitirina,karuman yallichiypash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

6.12. Llaktayuk ushay, runakuna umayaypash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

7. Sumak Kawsaypak Mamallakta paktaykuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 Paktay: Paktakayta yanapana, tawkapurapi llutarinapash

runakancha tantanakunapash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 Paktay: Llaktayukkuna ima ruraytukuytapash ashtawan allichina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 Paktay: Llaktakunapak kawsayta alliyachina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 Paktay: Pachamamapak hayñikunata kamana,

uksikpash iñilyakpash pachamamata ñawpachina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 Paktay: Awkikayta, kasillatapash kamana; allpapachapi pushayyachay

yaykuchinata, Apya-Yala llaktakuna tantanakuchun tankana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786 Paktay: Alli llankay kuskata kamana, paktakay, tawka wallpapi

allikaytapash kamana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Paktay: Tukuylla llaktay kuskakunata, kawsaypura kimirinakuyta, wallpana,

sinchiyachinapash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818 Paktay: Mamallakta kikinkayta, tawkasami kinkikayta, tawkapura kikinyayta,

kawsaypura kimirinakuyta arinina, sinchiyachinapash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 Paktay: Hayñikuna, paktakay katikuyta kamana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8310 Paktay: Aynipipash, llaktaypipash yaykurita kamana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8411 Paktay: Runakunata yanapak, kullki allikay llikata shayachina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8512 Paktay: Sumak Kawsaypak llakta ushayyuk Mamallaktata wallpana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

8. Mamallatapak Saywashka allpata pushayyachay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.1. Sumak kawsayta paktankapa mushuk shinalaya saywashka allpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898.2. Wiñaykawsaymanta Ecuador llaktapak saywashka allpata milkay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908.3. Mamallaktata shuk shunkupilla wallpayta, tinkirishka, runakuna

tiyarichun paktachik kachun yanapana, sinchiyachinapash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938.4. Sumak kawsayta paklla kawsana llaktakunapi tankana,

awkikay mikuytapash tankana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968.5. Kuyurik hillayta allikachina, chakramanta mikunakunata, ushaykunata,

tinkirinakuyta hatunyachina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978.6. Pachamamapak charimushkata rikushpalla mawkayachishpa charirayayta kamana,

pachamamapi wiñarik, mana wiñarik tiyakkunata sumaychachun kamana . . . . . . . . . 998.7. Tawkasami kawsayta, kawsaypi charimushkatapash hawayachina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048.8. Apya-Yala mamallaktakunawan Pushayyachipi, allpapachapi

awkiyashpa tukuykunawan tantarina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078.9. Mushuklaya karupi llankayta, mana ñitirishkatapash sinchiyachina,

llankayñan ushaywan, kawsana llaktapi llankaytapash sinchiyachina . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088.10. Kawsay llakta llankayñanpak yuyachiykuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

9. Llankayñanta rurankapa yuyaykuna, tukuypak kullki yaykuy kallaripi kachun . . . . . . . . . . . 1139.1. Ushayta, llankay pachatapash mirachinkapak, tiksi mutsuykunata

kushpa kuchuyachina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139.2. Acumulación de capital en sectores productivos generadores de valorPukuchik

hatun kapullankaykuna , chanita wiñachik kullkita kullkachinapash . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149.3. Tukuyllapak kullki churayta imashina akllashpa churankapa yachayñan . . . . . . . . . . 114

10. Sapikuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

11. Mushuk Shimikuna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

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Kulla killapi 2007 2010 watakunapi, PlanNacional de Desarrollo, “Plan para la RevoluciónCiudadana” wallpana yuyaykunawankallarirkanchik, kaykunaka mana illakmantakallarirkanchikchu. Mushuk yuyaywan, allíkawsayta mashkashpa, pushak akllarina 2006,2007, 2008 watakunapi, Pushak KankapakHatun Yuyaykunata hapishpa Movimiento Paístantanakuyka, tukuylaya Ecuador llaktarunakunaman, llaktayukkunamanpashricsichirka. Kunanka, chay yuyaykunatasinchiyachinkapakmi Plan Nacional para elBuen Vivir 2009-2013 kamupi, mushuk kawsanayuyayman yallinkapa, shinallatak, Ecuadormamallakta Tukuy Sami Runakunapak kachun,sumak kawsayta tarinkapakpash, RevolucionCiudadana yuyayka kanmi.

Kayna watakunapi shina, Apukkamak llankashkashinalltakmi kay 2009-2013 watakunapi,llankaypipash llaktayukkuna mushukyaytatantachishpa paktachinapakmi RevoluciónCiudadana tantanakuyka munan. Kaymushukyachina yuyaykunami MamallaktapakKamachiyta ruraypipash yanaparka; shinamitukuripika, Ecuador llaktapak runakunatamushuk yuyaywan tantarichunpash yanaparka;Ecuador llaktapak Mamakamachiytapashwiñachirkakuna. Chaymantami mushukyachikyuyaykunaka kaykunami kan:

1. Kimirishpa, MamakamachiytaMushukyachina, tukuypura runakunakimirinakushpa, sinchi ushaywanñukanchikpak mamallaktata mushukkawsayman pushankapakmi kan, shinapakta pakta tukuy sami runakuna, shukllatukushpa. Kawsankapakpash kanmi.

2. Ama Llullashpa Mushukyarina,achikllarina, ñawinchishpa, rikurayashpakawsashpaka, tukuy runakuna

wallparishpa, kimirinacushpaka, shayakkaspikunashinami kanchik, shinamirunapura riksirinakushpa, kay mushukyaykatikuy kawsayta shamuk watakunapi,tankanakushpa sinchiyachishun.

3. Kullkimanta, kapukmanta, chakramantamushukyari, ñawpamanta, shitashka,kunkashka kawsayta ama katinkapak,Mamallaktapak kullkita yachaykuypi, ñanruraykunapi, wasikunapi, amawtaytaripaykunapi, sumakruraypi, llankaypi,tikra tikra pukuchinkapak, runakunatayuyachinkapa, kiti llaktapi kawsaywan,paklla llaktapi kawsaykunawanpash,rantimanta paktachinakushpa kawsana kan.

4. Tukuykuna mushukyana, kullkikuyuchinapi, kapu kuyuchinapi,runakunata allichirina yuyaywankimichishpa, runakunapak ayllullaktakunapak, runallaktakunapak tiksihayñikunawan, Mamallaktatakamachichun.

5. Allikay, kikinllay, Abya-YalaMamallaktakuna Tantarimantamushukyana, atikuywan, shuktakMamallaktakunawan, kikinllay, karikarita chimpapurashpa apanakunkapak,shuktak achka Mamallaktakunapura hatuntantarikunawan, kimirishpa Abya-yala,Caribe llaktakunawanpash tantarishpaashtawan sinchiyachina; shinallatakshuktak Mamallaktakunawanpash allíapanakunami kan.

2009 watamanta 2013 watakaman Plan NacionalPara el Buen Vivir kamuka hatun yachaykunata,pushak yachaykunata, mushuk yachayñankunamantapash charinmi. Shinapashashtawan kushikuyka kanmi: Consenso de

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Rikuchi


Washington1 tantanakuypi imashina chariktukunkapak yuyaykuna churashkakunata, manaalli kachishpa, anchuchishka, kutin, shuktaksumak kawsayta mashkankapak.

Kay tukuri chunka watakunamanta Apya-Yalallaktapi, tawkasami runakuna, Sumak Kawsaytamashkashpa tankamushkakunami, ama kullkiyuyaypilla, katuykunapilla yuyarishpakawsankapa. Chay sumak kawsaykunamanchayankapak yuyaykunatami, hatun EkuaturMamallaktata Kamachiypi churahskakuna; shinamushuk ñankunata, muskuykunata tukuypuratukushpa, paktankapak yuyarishkakuna.

Shinapash, Sumak Kawsay yuyaytaka, punchanpi,punchanpi kawsaykunamanta, ruray ushaytachuranchik; ama kullkillapilla, katuykunapillayuyarishpa, mushuk kawsayta mashkashpakachun; chayka, ama yapa kullki yuyaywanlla,tukuy mamallaktapi tiyashkakunawantukuchichun, ashwanka, charishkakunata tukuysami runakumanmi paktachina kan; shuklayanishpaka, tukuy yapa charishkakunata, tukuylayarunakuna ñawpamanta, chay kullkiyuk yuyaywanlla,wakchayachishka, kipayachishkakunamanmirakina kan. Shinami, ruraykunapi, kawsaypipash,ña mana katuypilla, kullki ruraypilla yuyarishpa,Sumak Kawsayta tarishun.

Shinallatak, runakunawan, pachamamawanallíta kawsanakushpa kawsaytapash taripashpakutin rikushpa, kutin yuyarishpa, chay sumakkawsayta paktana, shuk shimipi nishpaka,imashinami kunanka runa kawsaypillayuyashkata anchuchishpa, sami pachamamapitiyashkakunawan pakta pakta kawsankapa,(Guimaraes en Acosta, 2008) runa llankaykuna,ama pachamamata llakichishpa ashtawankarin,mirachispa (kutin mirachishpa), rikurayashpakawsana kan.

Tukuchinkapakka, sumak kawsaytaka paktapurallata,wankurishpa paktakayta mashkashpallami sumakkawsayka tiyanka; llaktakunata, runallaktakunatakutin riksishpa, allikachinakushpa rimanakushpalla,chanishpalla paykunapak kawsayta, yachaykunatapashriksirinakunka.

Shina kashpaka, Sumak Kawsay imakayka sinchiyuyaymi kan, runakunapak wiñaykawsaypachamanta yachayka mana wachuyashkayuyaymi kashka. Shina kaktami kunanka, kutinkutin rantinchishpa Sumak Kawsay yuyaytaka

hamutanata munashkanchik “tukuykunapakmutsurikunata allichishpa, allí kawsay, allíwañuyta charishpa, ayllupura kuyashpa,kuyanakushpa, sisay pacha shina kari-warmi,pachamamawan asilla kawsashpa, tukuylayarunakunapa kawsaykunaka wiñay wiñaymankatinka.. Sumak kawsayka ama llakirishpa, sapankishpirishkashina, samakukshina pachapi imallatiyashkakunata, muskuytashina rikuyta ushashpa,hamutashpa, shinalatak, tukuylaya runakunapakushay yuyaykuna, kishpirikunapash hatunyakpi,sisayakpi, chaypimi imalaya runakuna, llaktakuna,sami kawsaykunapash, -tawkasami runakuna,shuklla runapi wakurishpa, mamapachapitiyashkashina, kawsayta munashpa (ña aychamutsuypi, ña samay mutsuypi ama shuktakmashikunapak kawsayta tsiknishka sarushkakachun). Shina ñukanchik Sumak kawsayyuyayka tukuy tukuypurapak kashkata yuyashpa,riksirinakushpa, hamutanakushpa, chaninakushpa–tukuylaya kashpapash, pakta pakta kashpa-_shinami yanapay yuyay tiyanka, ñukanchik imakashkata riksinakushun, shinami ñukanchikllatashamuk watakunapi jatunyarina, pakta paktakawsanatapash ushashun” (Ramírez, 2008: 387).

Kay mushuk yuyaywanka kallari alli yuyaywankawsayta kallarichunmi churanchik, kayakukumanta mushukyaritami rikuchin, shinamipaktakayta charik, kishpiyrishka mushukrunakunata wallpankapa, tukuykunapak paktapakta kachun yuyayta kun. Chaymantami alliyuyaywan kawsayka pichka paktakay pushaykunatarikuchin: runakuna pakta pakta kawsay,kullkimantapash, pakta pakta kawsay, tukuykunapakta pakta kimirina, wawa-wanpra-ruku-paya,sapalla kashpapash pakta pakta kana,pachamamapitiyashka jatun llaktakunawan paktapakta kana, huchakunapipash, ama shukman,shukman tukushpa. Shinami chay mushukyuyayman chayankapakka, mana ushayyuyaykunatami katikpika rikuchin:

• Tukuylaya kashpapah, shukllashinawankurishpa kankapakka, minkanakushparurana.

• Tawka runakunantin aylluyarishpakawsana munayyuk runakuna kakta riksina.

• Tukuy runakuna tawka runakunawanpakta kashkata, shukllashina kawsanatañawpachina.

• Tukuy runakunapak runakay hayñikuna,ushaykunatapash, allimanta paktachishpakamana.

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1 Washinton llaktapi, 1989 watapi, Institute for Internacional Economic tantari rurashkapi, ashtawan kullkillapi yuyaykawsayta charishpa, llakimanta kishpirina.


• Pachamamawan runa kawsaykunata,ruray-llankaykunatapash aynishpa kushikushi kawsana.

• Karanakuy, ayninakuy, wankurinakuykawsayta wallpana.

• LLankay kimirinakuyta, shinallatakkishpiyri samaytapash sinchiyachina.

• Tukuy kashkata, tukuykunapak kaktawallpana.

• Tukuykuna ayninakushpa, tukuykunallankay, kishpiyri rimanakuypak llaktaushay tiyachun sinchita wallpana.

• Tawkasami kawsayuk runakunawan, manaiñikkunawanpash, Mamallakta ushaytasinchiyachina.

Llapik yuyaymanta pakirishpa, mushukMamallaktata wallpanaka, shamuk watakunapakshuk pushay yachaypimi churashka kan. Kaykapachamamapi tiyakkunata runakunapakkawsaywan pakta mashkankapakmi kan.Shinallatak punkara tukurikpi kipa watakunapaktukuykunapak Sumak kawsay paktachunka,tiyakkunatapashmi chimpapurashpa rakina. Kayyachay pushayka 2009-2013 paktachishpakallarinkapaka chunka ishkay ñankunatamimutsurin, shina:

I. Mamallaktapi kapuchiy hillaykunatatukuykunapak ushachina tiyachun,shinallatak charishkakunatatukuykunaman rakishpa, chikan samitantanakuyta charinakunapash tiyachunushachina.

II. Karu llaktamanta rantishkakunata ashaasha akllashpa, kullkiyay yachay tiksitamushukman chayachun wallpana.

III. Alli kapuchikta mirachina, karu llaktamankatunkapak, sami kapukkuna tiyachun,shinallatak katukkuna allpapachapi samikuskakuna tiyachunpash rurana.

IV. Pachamamapi awkiyaywan kimirishpa,shinallatak Apya-Yalapipash ñukanchikuku yuyaywan kimirinapash kanmi.

V. Hatun sumak yachayta mushukyakmanwallpana, shinallatak amawtay yachay,hillaykunata, wiñachinakunapashpunchanta paktachichina.

VI. Runakunapak willaykuna tiyachunka,tinkirik hillay llikakuna pakta tiyachunrurana.

VII. Kunan achikyachikkunata, sapimantamushukyachina.

VIII. Sumak Kawsaypak, kullkiyay hatuntiksikuna tiyarayachun hawapi churana.

IX. Mamallaktapi tukuypura kimirinatakamashpa aynina, hayñikunatapashallichina.

X. Ñukanchik pachamamanta yachayta,shinallatak munay kuskakuna ayllullakta

kawsay wakichishka kachun,chariyaypakpash kachun.

XI. Allpa kamachiy niki, wiñariypash; samipaktachikuna markakunamanurikukuchishpa ashtawan hawallatukuchun rurana.

XII. Runakuna ushay tiyachun, llaktakunawankurishkapash kachun rurana.

Kay tiksikunawan, Mamallakta Paktay yuyaypimañantami rurana, shinallatak llankayñanka 12hatun paktanakunatami tukuy mamallaktamantiyan, 2007-2010 pushay yachaypimi churashkakarka. Kunanka Mamallaktapak kuchupillapaktanakuna ukupimi llankanakunatakamushukyachishka kan, tukuylla hatun kuska,saywashka allpapi paktanami kan, ashtawankarinmushuk Mamakamachiy Plan Nacional para elBuen Vivir rikuchishka ukumanta wacharishkamantakatishpa ruranapakmi kan, kunan tiyak, kaypaktanakunatami yuyarinakushkanchik:

1 Paktay: Paktakayta yanapana, tawkapurapillutarinapash runakanchallaktakunapi tantanakunapash.

2 Paktay: Ushaykunata allichina,llaktayukpak ushayyaypash.

3 Paktay: Llaktakunapak kawsaytaalliyachina.

4 Paktay: Pachamamapak hayñikunatakamana, uksi, chariraypak shukpachamamata ñawpachina.

5 Paktay: Awkikayta, kasillatapash kamana;allpapachapi pushayyachayyaykuchinata, Apya-Yalallaktakuna tantakuchun tankana.

6 Paktay: Llankarayana kuskata kama,paktakay, tawka wallpapiallikaytapash kamana.

7 Paktay: Tukuylla llaktay kuskakunata,samikawsaypura kimirinakuyta,wallpana, sinchiyachinapash.

8 Paktay: Mamallakta kikinkayta, tawkasamikinkikayta, tawkapura kikinyayta,kawsaypura kimirinakuyta arinina,sinchiyachinapash.

9 Paktay: Hayñikuna, paktakay katikuytakamana.

10 Paktay: Tukuyllapi, llaktaypipashyuyaykuchichun kamana.

11 Paktay: Runakunata yanapak, chariraypakkullkillita shayachina.

12 Paktay: Sumak Kawsaypak llakta ushayyukMamallaktata wallpana.

Kay Paktay Yuyayka, mana chawpishkakunatatantachishka shinalla, chakchushka nipakunata,chaskishka shina mana kanchu. Tukuy kashkarikuytami Yaykurishka rikuytami charin,

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hayñikuna achiklla kachun tiksishkami kan,kayka ñawpa yuyaywan llankashkata yallitamicharin. Shinallatak pachamamata charirayanashunkutami charin; kari-warmi pakta paktakanata, wiñarinata, kawsaypurata, saywashkaallpatapash charinmi. Hatunkuskakunapak,Mamallakta paktana yuyaykunawanaylluyarinkapa kimirina hatun ushaytami kurka.Mamallaktapak llakikunata, llaktapak yuyayta,hatun kuskakunapak hatun munaykunawanhuninakunkapa hatun ushayta kurka.

Kay mukuyay rurarichunka, Paktana Yuyaytakakuska katiy ruraykunapimi sinchiyachishparurashkami kan, arininakushpa kimirinakunapakhillayshina kashkamanta, ima llaktaykuna,pushay yachaykuna, ruray katichiykuna,ñawpakuy yuyaykunata sapan Mamallaktapushakpak, llankaykamayukpak achikyachikmashkaykuna kaymantami kan. Kuska katiyruraykuna llaktaykunapash Mama kamachiy,sumak Kawsay katiy yuyayta yanapana,shinallatak llankayñan nikushka shina paktallankaytami kun, kaymi ñallapash ruraywanpakta mañaymashkaywanpash llankaytaawachin.

Kuskakunapurallawan arininakuyka manapaktachu kan, kaypakka tantanakuykunasinchiyarita, Ecuador runakunapak kawsaytapashalliyachinkapa, shuktak kawsakkunapak llaktakawsakkunapakpash munay yuyaykunataawanami kan. Ñawpakman alliy yuyaykunaka,katiy yuyayshinata rikuchin. Kay katikunakamamallakta kashkapi, uchilla llaktakashkapipash, rishpa tikrashpapashmi rikuchin,shina tikramanpash, maypimi mushuk chawpipitawtarik Mamallaktachiyta awarin. Shinami,Ecuador 2007 watapi Plan Nacional deDesarrollo katikuyta tankan, maypimi llaktakaymarka paktana yuyaykunamanta wiñari kallarin.Kipa, 2009-2013 watakunapakka MamallaktaKawsayllakta Pushayyachaymi mushukyarishkarikurin, saywashka allpa utkakamachiytahapinamanta, shinallatak imatalla llankana,pushayyachay ñawpay yuyayta kawsayallpakunapi achikyachik kashkamanta rikun.

Katikilla llankay ñanpak kanchis kuskamikawsakukkunapak imalla mutsurik kaktachaskirka, ruray ushay, harkarikkunatapash,llaktakunapi kawsanapak yachakchayachin;shinallatak imashina kawsana llakta ushaytakaypak maypimi ima saywashka allpa,imashinayala pampakunalla imallapak kakriktarikuchinmi, Mamallakta pushaywan, mañaywanaysarishka kaktapash rikuchinkunami.

Tukuy kay mushuk Mamallakta llankayñanpashtukuypura runakuna sinchita ayninakushpawallpanami tukun. Kay paktay wallpaytaka,2007-2010 watakunapi Plan Nacional deDesarrollo rurarikuk pacha tapuykunamantamirikurishkata kallarita kutichiymi kan. Tawkasami shukllapi kawsakkunapura tantarishpayuyarinakushpa rurashkatami rikuchin,washaman tawka pachapi rikushkatapashmiyuyachin.

Esmeraldas, Babahoyo, Portoviejo, SantoDomingo, Cuenca, Loja, Latacunga llaktakunapi,Tena llaktapi llaktayukkunata tapunkapa llankaytantarikunata rurashpa may mutsurik kashkatahawayachishpa rikuchinmi; mamallaktamanllankayñanta imashina awanamanta yuyarinkapa,Quito, Guayaquilpipash, ishkay llankaytantarikunata rurarkakuna. Mamallaktapi,kawsayllaktakunapi, kawsaykuna chinkan chikankashkamanta Galápagos llaktapi, Bañosllaktapipash, tukuy sami runakunapurawan, sapirunakunawan shuktak llankay tantarikunatarurashkami kan. Chay ña nishkatantarikunapika, 85 killakunata llankashpa,4.000, Ecuador llaktapi tiyashka pushkakuna,umayarishpa rikurik runakunawan, imashinauchilla llaktakunapi, llankaykunatapaktanakunamantapash rimanakushka kan. Kaytantarikunamanta ima yuyaykunallukshishkakunaka pankakunapi llikachishkakipa tukuykuna killkakatishpa yachachunwillayllika pankapi churashkami karkakuna.

Katimushka tantarikunata yapapashmi, shuktakachkapura tantarikunata rurarka, chaypi Paktanayuyayta llaktayukpura willana ñanta kurka,Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, Loja, Mantakitillaktapipash. Shinallata, Sumak KawsayYuyayta ricsinkapak, kipa wata mamallaktatapushka ruraykunata yachanpakpash, manatantanakushka runakunawan, paykunapak kikinyuyaykunata churachun nishpami 5.000rurakunapak yuyaykunata hapishpa rurashkami kan.

2007-2010 watakunapi Hatun SumakKawsayman Paktanakuna Plan Nacional deDesarrollo, shinallatakmi 2009-2013watakunapash yuyaykunaka kimsa tiksiyuyayyukmi kan: kallaripi imashinahamutanamanta, ishkaynikipika hatun rurayñankuna (políticas públicas), tukuripikaimashina uchilla llaktakunapi ruranayuyaykuna kan.

Paypak shuknikipika, Wiñariy paktana yuyayka,sapimanta Sumak Kawsayta rantinchirinkapa

8


yuyachiyta, tiksikunatami rikuchin, chaymantakaimashina kawsayta charinkapa sinchi allirikuytayaykuchin; imashina kullkimanta,runakunamanta, llaktaymanta Mamallaktatarikuchishkatami rikuchin; shinallata kuchullamitapi shuk mushuklaya kullkaripi rakinatapashyuyachin, Sumak Kawsayta charinkapa.

Ishkaynikipika, Hatun Paktay kamuka, 12mamallaktapak Sumak Kawsayman chayankapakpaktanakunatami ricsichin. Chaymanka,kawsaykamaypak awlli ruraypak awllipiyuyashpami mushukyachishka kan, 2007- 2010watakunapak Plan Nacional de Desarrollo yuyay,llankayta alli mana allita rikushpa tarishkatamantacharin, llankana katikillakuna, uchilla llaktapaktanakuna, ruraykunapi, kullkitachuraykunapi, llaktayukkuna kullkichuraypashmikani. Chaypimi pushakkunapak llaktay, ñantaruraykuna, paktachi rikuchik rurashkakunata,kuchulla paktanatapash yuyachin. Kaypaktanakunaka kamaywan, arinishkami kan,shinami paya llankaykunata, paya tantanakuytamushukyachina yuyay kan, kay Mamallaktakamachikkuna mushuk llankaykunatamipaktachin, hatun llankayta tukuchinkapakkahatun kullki llankaytami churan.

Kimsa nikipika, mushuk ruraykunashina,Mamallaktapak uchilla llaktakuna saywashkaallpaka pushayyachayta yaykuchin, payka tawkarimaykunatami allpapi shayachin, hatunpushayyachay ñawpa yuyaykunatapashyaykuchinmi. Allpa pushayyachaykunataka yapapaktachiy shinatami yaykuchin, shinami kallariuchilla suyupak katikillata rikuchin. Kaykunamihatun rimanakuypak katikuy yanapay tiyarin,kayka tukuylla llaktay wallparipakmi sinchitatiyarin, shinami Mamallaktapak kikin tawsamikawsaypak awllita yanapan.

Tukuripika, Hatun Paktay yuyayka, ChuskuWatakunaman Hatun Paktana Yuyaypi kullkichuranapimi yuyachin; Hatun Llankayñan,shinallatak imakunapilla kullki churanakunatapash,yachaykunata patayachiwan, tinkirishka paktallapushayyachay hamutayaywan, chaniwan, shukshuk paktayman, chusku watakunakaman,yuyarishka llaktaykunawan tantarishka kan..

Paktay yuyayka, kati kati allichinkapak, shukllankana hillayshinami kan; chay yuyayyachaykunaka killkana hillaypimi tantachishka,chaypika, ñaka rimashka yuyaykuna, tukuyrunakunawan tantarishpa tapuykunamanta,riksishkakunamantapash tantachinmi. Kayka

yapa kikin Paktay yuyayta kamankapakrikunkapa willay mushukyaymi kan; imashinayaparik llaktay wallparishpa rin. Kay llankayhillaykunapika allpashuyukunata rikuchik,tukuylla llaktaykuna rurakta rikuchiktamiyanapan. Llaktakuna llankaykunamanta imatanikukta yachanami kan. Pachamamatacharirayashpa kamanatami rikuchin, kari warmirunakuna pakta pakta kana, tukuylaya runakuna,tukuy llaktakunapi kimirinakushpakawsanakuchunmi yachachin.

Tukuripika, Hatun Sumak KawsaymanPaktanakunata ricsishpami, Sistema NacionalDescentralizado de Planificación Participativawallpay kallari tatkimi kan. Kayka mana hatunllaktakunapilla llankashpa, uchilla karullaktakunapi llankaytami yuyachin, ñitirishkaushayta karuman kachana yuyaytami charin,shina Tawkasami Hatun Mamallaktata,kawsayyuk, kawsaypura kimichishpa rurankapamikan. Kay yuyaywan, Mamallakta Paktayyuyayka,tukuykunata kayan, ña ayllullaktakunapa KawsayPaktay Yuyayta, ña Llakta Saywana YuyaykunataAntisuyu llaktakunapi rurankapakpash,tukuykunaman punku paskashkami sakirin;shinami Mamallaktapi kawsak llaktakuna, sapirunallaktakuna kawsana llankayta wallpankapakayan, saywashka allpakunapak Paktay Yuyaytarurankapakmi kayan. Shinallatak, markallaktakuna, kiti llaktakuna, shuk uchillallaktakunapash Mamallakta paktayyuyaykunawantinkirichunmi minkan, paykunapak llaktakunapi,llankana ñankunatapash mushukyachishpallankachunpash mañan.

Kay “Hatun Sumak Kawsayman Paktaykuna”,Construyendo un Estado Plurinacional eIntercultural” 2009-2013 watakunaman yuyayka,Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo(SENPLADES) imashina paktay yuyaykunawan,yachayñankunawanpash, rurashkami kan;shinallatak, chikan chikan Kamaywasikunapak,Mamallaktapak Killkakkamayukkunapak,kimirishpa sumakyachakkunawanrurashkapashmi kan; ashtawankarin Ecuadorllaktamanta kari warmi llaktayukkunayanapashkapash kanmi. Shina “Hatun SumakKawsayman Paktayta, Consejo Nacional dePlanificación runakuna allikachishpa,Mamakamachiypak yuyaykunata, llakta ushaykimirinata sinchiyachishpa paktachinmi.

René Ramírez GallegosMAMALLAKTA WIÑARIYLLANKAYÑANPAK KILLKAKAMAYUK

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Kay Mamallakta paktay yuyayka, chusku hatunatinakunatami apan: llankay ñankaMamakamachiywan tinkichishpa paktachina;Sumak Kawsaypakka Mamallakta paktaykunallankayñanpi sinchiyachina; tawka samitukuypak kak llankay kamayuk wasikunapaktaykunaman chayana; kawsana llaktakunapillankayñan tiyachunpash ruranakunami kan;llankayñanpi tawka sami tantanakuykunallaktayukkunapash, sinchita llankachun yuyashka kan.

1.1. Mamakamachiy churashkahatunwiñariy llankayñan

2008 watapak Mamakamachiyka llankayñanta,tukuylla llankana yuyayta tiyachin, kayka SumakKawsay paktana yuyaypak hillaykunami kan,hayñikunata paktachinkapapashmi kan.Mamakamachiypi nishka shinaka tukuykunapakpakta kawsay tiyachunmi rikuchin, llaktaallpakunapipash shinallatak yuyarinakuytiyachunpashmi rikuchin. Chaypaka, kallaripikaama wakchayay tiyachun anchuchina kan, tawkasami kawsay llaktakuna pakta pakta kawsaytacharichunmi, llankay wiñariykuna tawkawatakunapak kachunmi ñawpachina;tiyakkunata, charishkakunata pakta paktarakinkapakpash. Kay mushuk achikllarikuykunaka, kari warmi llaktayukkuna, shukllakashpa, wankurishka kashpapash, arininakuypiayninakunapi, hayñitami charin, shinallataktantanakuykuna sapalla, mana kashpakawankurinakushpami tukuypak mañamashkaypipaktachinatami charin.

280 nikipi, Mamakamachiypi imashinanishkashina, ñawpaka “Plan Nacional deDesarrollo” shutiwan karka, kunanka HatunSumak Kawsayman Paktaykuna shutiyukkan, paktay yuyayka tukuypak kak llankaytapushak kachun yuyan, shina: llankanallaktayta ruranakunata, tukuylla paktanayuyayta pushana hillaymi kan.Mamallaktapak hatun kullkita imapillachurana pushachunmi; shinallatakMamallakta charishkakunata pakta paktarakichunpashmi kan; Mamallakta kamayukpushay, kuska kamayukkunawanpashpaktalla llankachunmi kan; paykunapakkamañakuymi kana kan. Tukuyllakuskakunapi llankakkunataka rikuchunmañashkami kan. Shinallata, istatantanakuy llankaykunamanpash kanmi.

1.2. Paktayta wallpankapapushay yuyaykuna

Tukuy runakuna mushuk ari nishka yuyaytahapishka, 2008 Mamakamachiy rurashkapiytapukpi, ari nishpa allikachishkakuna, chaymimamallaktapak paktay ñanta rurankapa, sapikashka. Chaywanmi pushak kamanamanmamallaktapak Paktay Ñanta mushukyachishkakuna,chaymi shuklayata yuyachin, kullkipillayuyaymanta, Sumak Kawsayman yallikunchiy.Shinami 2009-2013 Hatun Sumak KawsayPaktayman yallinchiy: Tawkasami KawsaypuraMamallaktata rurakunchiy.

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1. 2009-2013 Mamallakta SumakKawsay Paktaypak Wallpariy Katikuy


Kay Paktay yuyayta wallpayka, Rafael Correapushaktukuna yuyaypipashmi yapa tiksirishkakan. Chaytami Ecuador llaktamanta llaktakunaakllaykunapika sinchiyachishpa arinishka.Shinami Mamallakta Pushakka llaktayukkunamunashkata paktachishpa, ima rurashka, imallankashkatapash rikuchinami kan.

Shinallatak, Mamallakta imashina kakta sinchita rikushpa, 2007-2010 watakunapi Paktaychayanakunawan, ushaykunata allinta rikushpatiksinkami. Shinallatak tukuypak kak llaktayyuyaykunata alli mana alli kakta, ruraykunata,llankana yuyay imashina alli paktakunatachimpapurachispami tiksiyarishka kan.Kallarimanta paktay taririmushkata kunanushashkawan kimichishpa rikuchin.

Mamallakta, tukuypak mañaymashkaypash,2007-2009 Mamallakta llankayñan katinapika,kayta paktachinapash, chikan chikankuskakunamanta tantanakushpami llankaywiñayta kallarirka. Kayta tantachinaka sinchimikan. Llaktaypi, ruranaypi chanakunata

tinkichikpi rikurikta mashkanaka sinchimi kan, tukuypak llankak ukukunapuraayninakushpa pushana, alli mana allita rikuna,paktashkakunatapash allikachinami tukun.

Chikan mutsurikunamanta llankayñanrurashkamanta, shuk shuk mutsuripaktayñanman llallinkapaka, sinchi llankaymikan, shina tukuylaya mutsurikunawantantarishpa, tinkinakushpa tukuypak kakllaktaytaka, kaya watakunapak wallpaska kachun. Shina tinkirinakuy llankaytacharinkapakka, shuk shuk Hatun PushakMinisterio tantanakuywan, katikillamutsurikunata churanami, shina tukuyllayachanakushpa llankankapa. Chay chikanchikan mutsuri katikillakunaka tukuymañaymashkaywan, Mamakamachiwan, Hatun Sumak Kawsayman Paktaykunawan,watan watan paktaykunawanpash tinkirina kan.Chaymi, kipa pachakunapi, katiruraykunawan,mañaymashkaykunawanpash sinchi tinkirinataushanka. (1.1 shuyu).

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1. 2

009-

2013

MA

MA

LLA

KTA

SUM

AK

KA

WSA

YPA

KTA

YPA

KW

ALL

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IYK

ATIK

UY

1.1. shuyu: Kamaywsipak llankaykunawan pushayyachay tinkiri kacharirin

Rurashka: SENPLADES, 2009.


Tukuypak kak mañaymashkaykunata 2013watakaman rurankapakka, paktay tupukunata,rikuchikkunatapash, llankaykunata katinkapak,tupunkapakpashmi kan. Llankay paktaykunatarikunkapa 2008 watamanta, mana kashpaka shuktukuri watakaman taripanakunata2 charina kan.Chaykunaka, TinkiwasikunapakKamaywasikunapakpash ña allikachishkayuyaywanmi kan.

Shinallatak, Paktay yuyaywan, kamaywasillankayñan katikuypak tinkinakuymi kan;tukuypak kak sami llankaykamayukwasikunawanpashmi pakta katina kan. ShinamiMamallakta paktaykuna, Paktay yuyayrikuchiykuna chayachun yanapan; chaypakrikuchikkunawan,kikin sapan kamaywasikunapakmañaymashwan yanaparin.

Mamallaktapak Paktay yuyayman chayanapaktachinapika, Markapak, kitipak,shullkapakpash llankaymi kan; shinallatak,Mamallakta Kamachikkunapak, sami kuskallaktayukkunapash, tukuylla rikrata churashpami,paykunallatak llankayta aparina tukun.

Ashtawanpash, hamutashka yachay, rurashka,chikan chikan runakunapi rikurishka kachun,shinapash mana rikuripak unanchashka, tawkaruraykunata llaktakuna mañashka kachun.Llaktayukkuna chaypi kashapa kutintakllankashka kanka; Paktay yuyaytapaktachinkapaka sami tantanakuykuna tiksishka,munashkapashmi kan. Chaymantami Paktayyuyayka llankaymanta rikurishkatallaktayukkunawan rimanakushpa tukuyllakullkiwan llankaykunata katinkapañankunatapash churashkami kan.

Kay chusku watapak Paktay yuyay wallpaypikamaykantak kallari llankaykuna kaktami rikushpa,mashna kullkita churanatapash rikuchin. Achkayuyayta hapishpa, maykan ashtawan alli katiruraykuna, ruraykuna kashkata; shinallatakWasikamayuk tantarishpa katikillakunata allikashkata rikushpami, kullkita churankuna.Kaymanta kallarishpami, tukuypak kakllankaykunata paktachinkapakka mashkakullkikuna yaykurinatami rikuna kan, ConsejoSectorial tawka sami mutsuykunata rikushpaakllashpami katikillataka rurashka kan. Shinamikay Paktay yuyaypak chikan sami mutsushkallankaykunapak chikan sami, kimirinakuyta

pushak kamay wasikunamanpash, tawkañankunata rikuchishpa, shamukwatakunapakpash kullkita pakta paktarakirinatapash churan. Mamallaktapak kullkitacharik wasipak, mashka kullkita charishkarikuchishkawanmi mashna llankaykunarurankapa yuyayta charinata ushachin. PlanPlurianual de Inversión pushaypi allitarikushkawan watan watan imatalla llaktakunapillanakanata rikuchin.

Mutsurikunamanta, KamaywasipuraPushakkunalla, allikachishpa rimaririshkallaka,mana paktanchu. Paktana yuyaykunatapaktachinkapakka, markakunapi, kitikunapi,sullkakunapi, ayllu llaktakunapipash, imashinachay llaktakunapi rruayta yachana kanchik;shinami ishkay ñanta charina kanchik; shukkamarka, kiti llaktamanta paktana yuyaykunaHatun Paktayta yanapankakpak; shinallatakkaymanta shuk yuyaykunawan, marka, kiti,shullka, ayllu llaktakunamanpash karankapak.Shinami Mamallaktapi, uchilla llaktakunahatunyankakuna. 2007 watapi EcuadorMamallakta Plan Nacional de Desarrollo kamutarurankapak, markakunapak, llankayñankunawanmirurashkakuna. 2009-2013 mita watapikaEstrategia Territorial Nacional pushay ñanmi,Mamallakta Paktay Yuyaytaka mushukyachirka,llaktan llaktan mutsurikunata paktana yuyaymanchayankapak. Kawsana llaktapimikamachiykunata, uchilla kamachiykunata ruranakan, chaymi mashna kullkita yaykuchinatarikuchin. Kuska paktay yuyayta Mamallaktapaktay yuyaywanmi mushuk Mamallaktakawsachun rikuchin. Shinami uchillasuyukatikilla paktay yuyayta killkakukpika llaktakawsakkunapak mutsuykunata rikushpa, kawsanallaktapi, karma suyukunapi illashkakunataushaykunatapash riksishpa Mamallakta paktayyuyaytaka wallpasha katinka.

Mamallaktapi kawsana llaktatata pushay yachayñanka llankayñanta, kawsana llaktatapashwiñariy katikuymanta chaninatami charin,kaytaka Markapak, kitipak, shulkapakkamachikkuna huntachishpa alllichinka.Kamachikkunawanpash llankankapa rurashka.Imalaya kawsana llaktapi tukuypak kak llankaytapakta pakta apanatapashmi sinchiyachina tukun.

Paktay yuyayka mana Ecuador llaktapakayllullaktamanta, kuskapak paktay

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2 Kay paktaykunaka rikuchikkunawan yanaparishpa Llankay Paktaytaka katina, tupuna kan.


yuyaykunatalla tantachishpa yapashkallachu kan,ashtawanpash kawsana llakta mutsuykunatarikushpa, hapishpa, paykunapak yanapaywanmiwallpashka kan.

Chayta sinchiyachinkapaka, Kawsayllakta PaktayYuyayta runa llaktakunaman ruranatayanapashka, Antisuyupak kawsana llakta wiñariypaktay yuyaykunawanpash yanapashka kan.

1.3. Kawsaypak AyninakuyLlankayñan

Llaktayukkuna ayninakuna shuk hayñimi kan.Paykunapak munaykunata, mutsuykunatarikushpa, paykunapash kikin yuyaywan,ushaywan llankayñantaka wallpashka kan.Shinami tukuypak kak llankaypi, tukuyMamallaktapak llaktakunapi kawsak runakunapakallipak kachun yanapanami kanchik. Tukuyllamañaykuna, wallpaykuna tantarishkarunakunapak Paktay yuyay kachun yuyanmi.

Paktay yuyayta llaktayukkunawan wallpaypika,2007-2010 watakunapak Plan Nacional deDesarrollo killkakukpirak tapuykunatarurashpami kallarishka. Kay rurarikuypika tawkasami llaktayuk tantanakuykunami tawkapachakunapi yaykushka, shinallatak tukuypakkak llankaykuna allita paktachunka, llaktayukñawikunata churashpa, Mamallaktapi,suyukunapi llaktayukkunata tapushpa apana.Shina kuska llaktakuna, runakuna, kamaywasikunapash tantarichun.

Llaktayuk ñawinchiykuna2008 wata intiraymi killamanta, 2009 watapawkar killakamanmi llaktayukkunapak rimanapachakuna tiyarirka, chikan sami kawsayukkarikuna warmikuna, paykunapak yuyaykunatachurashpa yanapashkami; shinallatak chikanchikan mitayuk, chikan kari warmi, tukuypak allikachun yuyaykunata kurkakuna. Shinami kaymushuk Hatun Sumak Kawsayman Paktaykunapushaypika llaktayuk ñawikuna nishkatapallashpa, kanchis suyukunapi Plan Nacional deDesarrollo llankayñanpi, ruray katichiykunapashpushakun, paktakun rurashka kan.

Kashnami, tukuypak kak llankaypika, tantarishkarunakuna, llaktayukkunapak yachashkakunawan,atiri llankaykunawanpash rurashka. Kay atikuyka

makanakuykunapi wakaychishka yachaykunawantawkasami, runa kawsayta, wankurikunatapashsinchiyachina tukun.

Llaktayukta Tapuy llankaykunaKay Paktay yuyayta wallpankapakka kawsanallaktakunapi Esmeraldas, Babahoyo, Portoviejo,Santo Domingo, Cuenca, Loja, Latacunga, Tena,marka-kitikunapimi suyu tantanakuytarurarkakuna. Quito llaktapi, Guayaquilllaktapipash, ishkay hatun llankay tantanakuytarurarkakuna. Kutin, Galápagos chikan kuskakawsay kashkamanta, runa ayllu chikankawsaykuna kashakamantapash ishkasy tapuyllankaykunata rurarkakuna; shukka Bañosllaktapi, shukka Galápagos llaktapi.Chaykunapika, 4.000 yalli runakunamitantarirkakuna.

Hatun Tapuy Llankaykunaka Mamallaktapakhatun paktana yuyaykunata riksinkapakmi,ayllullaktakunamanta, kitikunamanta,markakunamantapash, paykunapak imashinakawsay kashkata ricsishpa, yachashpa, hatunmamallaktapak mutsurikunata yachaychayanchik. Chaymantami, imashina ruranapi,shuk yuyarina ñanta rurarkakuna. Shinallatak,chay mutsuri llakikunata yachashpa, killkashpa,llankay tantanakuykunapi riksichirkakuna,willachirkakuna. Kay willaykunata chayyuyaywanllata willayllikapipash riksichirkakuna.

Ashtawankarin, Paktay yuyaytallaktayukkunaman willankapaka, Quito,Guayaquil, Cuenca, Loja llaktakunapi, pampatantanakuykunata rurashpa riksichirkakauna.Shinallata Ecuador mamallakktapak hatunmutsurikunamanta yachankapaka, manatantarishka-wankurishka runakunawantantarishpa, yuyaykunata llukchirkakuna.Paykunaka 5.000 runakunamanta yapami karka.

Runakunawan, kamay wasikunawanrimanakuy, yuyarinakuypash“Consejos Nacionales para la Igualdad” pushak-llankakkunawanpash, tapuykunata rurarkakuna.Paykunami llaktayuk tantanakuykumawan,ayllullaktakunawan, wiñaykawsaymantashitashkakunawan, kiti llaktakunapi, tantarishkarunakunawan, runa llaktakunawanpashtantarishpa, rimanakuy tapunakuyta rurashpa,chay wakcha runakunaman paktanayuyaykunataka, alli kawsayman rinkapakllukchishkakuna.

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Llaktayukkunapak kallarik llankaytarikuchik ñankuna

Yachaypak rimanakuy. Amawtay yachaykunawan,kawsay yachaykunawanpash pakta paktatukuykunapak uyanalla kachun, shinallatakrurarikuy ñanpipash tantachishka kachun.

Kawsay yachayta chanina. Tukuy kari warmikawsaykunapak yachaykunami llankaytantanakuykunapi purikallarichirka, manayachak amawtakunapak yuyayllata hapishpa,shuk llaktayukkunapakta yuyaykunatapashallikachirkakuna, mana llapishka sakirichun.

Tawkasami kawsay kurishinami. Tawkasami kawsaypura, yuyaykuna, mushukrikuchikunapash sinchiyachirkakuna. Tawkasami kawsayka, mana harkashinarikurirkachu; ashtawankarin kuyashpa,ñawpachishpami kana kan.

Chikan rimanakuy hawapi paktarinakuy.Llaktayuk runakuna pakta pakta kanayuyaywan mamallaktapak mutsurikunamantarimarinakuyta, atinakuyta, chimpapurashparimaritami allikachishpa churarkakuna.Chikan rimari yuyaykuna kakpipash,paktarinakuy yuyaykunaman chayankapakaka,payallami karka.

Pakirishka yuyaymanta ashtawanwatarishka yuyayman. Kuska llankayñanyuyaymanta, hatun mamallaktapakpaktayñanman chinparkanchik, mamallaktapaktaykunawan, ima shina llaktamarkakunapi ruraykunawan paktachishpakankapa.

Shunku chayana ñankuna. kari warmi,wawa kashkamanta, yuyak kashkakaman,tawkasami kawsaypura tiyashkamanta paktapakta kachun, kawsay llakta mutsurikunamantatinkichinkapakmi yuyarishka.

Sanpa kuyuchinalla. Tawka sami pachakunapi,tawka sami llaktayukkunawan tantarishparimanakunkapakka, sanpa kuyuchinallañantami wiñachishka.

1.4. Katikuy pachapiPaktachishkakuna,ushashkakuna

Hawayachinchik:

• Mamallakta hatun paktay yuyaykunaka,kuska llaktayñan ruraykunawanmi

shukllapi sinchiyachishka kan. Shinapash,ama chikan chikan llankankapa, amahatun mutsurikunata sakinkapakpash,mañaymashkaywan, mamallaktapak hatunllankayñankunawanpash kimichishpatinkichinkapami llaktana kanchik.

• Kay llankayñankunapika, tukuy pushakkamaywasikuna, tinkichiwasikuna,shinallata shuk pushak kamaywasikunapashima shina shunku chayana ñankuna (kariwarmi, wawa yuyak tukunkakaman,tawkasami kawsaypura, uchilla llaktamutsuykunamanta yachashpa) pakta paktakankapakmi kan.

• Paktay yuyaypak, paktanakunataka,tawkasami runakunamanmi riksichirkakuna.Tawka runakuna allikachishpa, paykunapakyuyaykunatapash, Paktana Hatun Yuyaypi,shuk yachaykunata, yuyaykunatapashchurashpa hatunyachirkakuna.

• Tantanakuykunawan, llaktayukkunawanallipak rimanakuymi apashka /charishkakarka, shinallata tawkasami mutsurillakikamayukkunapash, sinchi, samiyuyaykunatami churarkakuna.

• Shamuk watakunapak llakta ushaytaatiyankapakka shuk ayninakuypak llikatawiñachishpa, kimirina ushaytawallpankapa llankayñanta churashkakuna.

Hatun mana paktay yuyaykunapika, kaykunatamirikuchinchik:

• Tawka sami llaktayukkunapak,tantanakuykunapak munashkakunachikan chikan katikuk llankayñanpipuchanta punchanta tankankapakka, shukayninakuypak llikatami sinchiyachinakanchik.

• “Sistema Nacional Descentralizado dePlanificación Participativa” yuyaytawallpankapak, paktachinkapakka, kawsanallaktakunapimi allipak /hatun aynirimanakuyta apanami mutsurin.

• Hatun tinkinakuymi mutsurin, tukuypakllankaypura arininakushpa tantachishpa,tukuy llakta pushakkunawan, kawsanallaktakunapi llankayta utka utkaallichinkapami yallita mutsurin.

• Kallarishka katikuykunatasinchiyachinami mutsurin; kaykallankayñanwan, Mamallaktapak ashtawanhatun mutsuykunaman kullkitachurankapakmi kan.

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Mayhan ñawpaman paktana yuyaytacharishpaka, kimsa pushak yuyaykunatamicharina kan: allikay yuyaykunata, mana ushayyuyaykunata, umapilla tiyak yuyaykunatapash,chaykunami, hatun muskuyshina paktkanayuyaykunata paktachinka. Kay yuyachiykunamiruna tantarikunaman, pushakkamayukkunaman,kullkikamayukkunamanpash, ima ñan katinata,ima arinishkatapash pushan.

Kay Paktay yuyaypi tiksishka yuyaykunaka payayuyaykunawan takarinatami mashkan,kunanmanta wiñaykawsayta rikushpakatukuykunami mana alli kashkamanta kunkurinakanchik. Mushukyarinata mana munakllaktayukkunaka shamuk pachatakakillanayaywanmi rikun, kunanpi mushukyarikyuyayta wallpanataka mana munanchu,runakuna tantarishpa arinishkami mushukshuktaklaya kawsaykuna charinata iñichin. Chaytukuykunata tantanakuchik yuyaykunarikuchinatami mutsurin, shamuk punchakunamushuk kawsay hayñita hapinatami tarichin

2.1. Allikay yuyaychikuna• Runakunapa, kullkipash paktakay: kari

warmi runakunapak kishpiyrinapak ruraytiksimi kan: runakunapika paktakay, tukuysapan runakunami ima charishkakunapi,runakunawan aylluyanapi, kawsayyachaykunapipash kushilla kawsaytapushankapami kan, shina allí kawsaytacharishpami pakta pakta kawsay kashkatariksirinakushpa, tiksichina kanchik(Wright, E.O., 2006:3).

• Chaypi kashpa kimirishpa paktakay:llaktaypi paktakak runakunapika, tukuykari warmi runakunami tukuykuna ushaytacharishpa, rikurayankapa kan, kaykakamaywasi alli kachiska tukushkami kan,

mayman chayana ñanta ama llakichichunllaktaykunata arininami kan, pakta paktallaktay tiksita ukllakshina hamutarichun,chaypikay tukuylla uchay kimirishpatiyana kan (Wright, E.O., 2006).

• Chikan chikan watayukpura sapanpurapashpaktakay: paktakashpa kawsaykunapika,kunan ruraykunapash, paktayyuyaykunapash shamuk watakunapiwiñarimuk runakunapimi yuyarina kan.Pachamamawan mana mapayachishpallakawsashpa, tiyashkakunata rakishpa,llankanatapash yachanami kanchik.Kunanpi kullkita imakunapilla arinishpachurayta yuyarishpa, imashinamitukuyman, kari warmiman, Mamallaktapitawkasami kawsakkunamanpash, paktapakta kachunpash, riksina yachanakanchik.

• Shuktak mamallaktakunantin paktakay:tukuy allpapachapi kawsak runakunapaktakak yuyayta hapishpa, sapanrunakunapak kawsaykunata maypiwacharishkamanta, may llaktamantakashkatapash rikushpa; allpapachapicharimushka tukuyllapak kakta riksishkatiyakpi, runakuna kuyurishpa kimirinakuysinchiyariktapash rikuna. Mamallaktapurayuyari tiyaktapash rikunami kan.Istallaktapura alli paktakayta ruranakatukuykunapakmi rikurin, wañunakuytiyakpilla, kasilla tiyakpilla rikunaka manashinachu kan, kullkimanta paktakaytapashrikunami kan; tiyashkakunatallukshichinalla, mana llukshichinalla,rakinatapash rikunami, hatun llaktaykarmakunapi llashakta chaypikanatapashpakta pakta kachun mañanami kan(Nussbaum, 2006, ob. cit.).

• Mana rakirishka paktakay: tukuy runakunapaktakak yuyaywanka, kawsaykamaytatukuykunaman kunmi, tukuy kari warmi

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llaktayukkunatami kamachiypak, pushakkamaywasipak ñawpakpika paypak tukuykatikuykunapi mashipura kashkatachaskin. Maypimi tukuysami kikinpakhayñikunaka sumaychashka kan, kaykatukuy runakunapak paktaymi tukun(Dworkin, en Campbell, 2002; Rawls,1999).

2.2. Rurana pushay yuyaykuna

Kay Paktay yuyayka, wiñaykawsay ñanta, allíkawsayman kimichishkatami Ecuador llaktapirurana kanchik, kaytaka Katikuk mushukwallparinata milka ukupi rikuchishka, shinallatakRevolución Ciudadana tantanakuypak llaktay-allikay yuyaytapash rikuchishka:

1. Kimirishpa, MamakamachiytaMushukyachina, tukuypura runakunakimirinakushpa, sinchi ushaywanñukanchikpak Mamallaktata mushukkawsayman pushankapami kan, paktapakta tukuy sami runakuna, shukllatukushpa Kawsankapakpash kanmi.Chayka kunan Mamakamachiy katikuytasinchiyachinatami munan; kamachiykunawiñariwan, tukuylla llaktay mirariwan,Mamallakta mushukyariwan paktanka.Mushukyarina ñawpakyuyaywan SumakKawsaypak hayñikuna kawsaypi pushashkakachun pakta kanka. Kaypakka, sinchiyuyayta charik llaktayukkunatamiwallpana mutsurin, paykunaMamallaktapak ñawpakyuyay tiksitarikuchun, tawkasami kawsay shukllashinakachun shunkumanta yuyashka kanka.

2. Ama Llullashpa Mushukyarina,ñawinchishpa, rikurayashpa kawsashpaka,tukuy runakuna wallparishpa,kimirinakushpaka, shayakkaspikunashinami kanchik, shinamirunapura riksirinakushpa, tukuykunapiiñishpa, kay mushukyay katikuy kawsayta

shamuk watakunapi, tankanakushpa suniwatapak sinchiyachishun.

3. Kullkimanta, kapukmanta, chakramantamushukyarina, ñawpamanta, shitashka,kunkashka kawsayta ama katinkapak,Mamallaktapak kullkita yachaykuypi, ñanruraykunapi, wasikunapi, amawtaytaripaykunapi, sumak yachaypi, llankaypi,tikra pukuchishpa, shinallta runakunapakiti llakta kawsaywan, paklla llaktakawsaywanpash paktachinkapa. Kaymushukyaykunaka llaktapi yakuushayman, allpa ushayman, kullki mañayushayman, sumak yachayman, shukyachaykunaman, willaykunamanushaywanmi rurana kan; shinallatakpukuykunapi, allpa charinakunapipashchikan chikan kachun.

4. Tukuykuna mushukyana, runakunaallichirina yuyaywan, kullkipi allichirinayuyaywan kimirichik, runakunakakuyurishpa kawsayta kuchun, runakunapaktiksimi kan. Kay hatun llaktay, pakta,tantachik llaktaymi runakunapak kullkillankaypachaman kayashpa yaykuchin,ashtawankarin ushayta sinchiyachishpakun, ayllullaktakunapak, runallaktakunapak,kallaripi paykunatarak rikunatantarishkakunaman tiksi hayñikunataMamallakta runakunapak yuyaywankamachun ushayta kun, shina paykunakishpiyrishka hayñita pushachun.

5. Allikaymanta, kikinllaymanta, Apya-Yalaawkiyay, tantarinakuy mushukyay tiyachun,shina achiklla yuyayta, kikinllayta,awkiyayta Mamallaktakuna kimirinakuytacharichun. Shuktak achkaMamallaktapura hatun tantarikunawan,kimirishpa Apya-Yala, Caribellaktakunmanta, ashtawan sinchiyarishpaama anchurichun; shinallatakallpapachapi tiyakMamallaktakunawanpash tantarichun.

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Hatun mishak “wiñariy” yuyayka shuk anchallakipimi yaykushka. Kayka mana tukuytakichukkunapak rikuymantallachu, paykunamiwiñariyta rurarkakuna. Wiñariy yuyayka tukuyallpa pachapimi wakllirichishka. Kay tukuyallpapachapi llaki tukushkapika, mayta manakatipakchu rikurin: kullasuyupi ima tiyashkatatukuyta llukchishpa, tukuchikshinalla rikurin,chinchaysuyuwan kullasuyuwan mana paktapakta katuna-rantina ushay tiyanchu; shinallata,ima mikuna, churana, ima tiyaktapash illaktatukuchishpa, mana kutin mirachinataushashpaka, allpamamata wakllimanapakrinkuna. Chaymantami shuklayatarpuykunata, mikuykunata, kikin kawsaytaallichishpapash, shukkunawan kawsana tukun.

Charinaraykulla yuyaykunawanka, shuklla runakawsaytashina rurashpa, mana ñaupa sami ayllurunakunata kunankaman iñilyashkata riksishpa,paykuna charishkallata alli kachishpami,ñukanchik kawsay yachaykunata pakashkakuna.Charikyana, mushukyana, wiñariyna yuyaypika;runakunapa wiñay wiñay kawsayka paykunaparikuypica, shuklla ñan, shuklla suni wachupachashina rikurin; shinami yapa charikMamallaktakunaka ñawpakpi rikurin,paykunapak “kawsaylayata” katichun munan.Chaylaya kawsayta mana katikpika, sacharunashina, ñawpa runashina, washayashkashina,mana mushuk yuyaykunata chariktashinatarikuchin. (De Sousa Santos, 2006: 24).

Charinapilla, kullki wiñariypilla yuyaykunatacharishpaka, alli pacha rikurin, chaytakaAllpamama Ukupi Ima Tukuy samitiyakkunapimi (AMTT - PIB) tupun.Kapukkamay wiñariyka ashta munashkami kan,shinami runakuna mushukyaytaka tupunkuna.Tukuy runakuna wakcha tukushkamantaka

paykunallata “washayashka” nishpahuchachinkuna, kanchamanta paykunallatallakichishkataka mana riksinkunachu; imashinapaykunalla ninan kullkisapa tukushkatakapashmana tapurinkunachu.

Mama katunapilla, rantinapilla, pukuchinapillasumak kawsaytaka tarina kanchik, ashtawankarinrunapak yachay wiñariymi tukuy wiñariypakchawpipi kan, chaymi ashtawan yalli sumakkawsay yuyay. Chaymanta, mana Allpamamaukupi ima tukuy tiyaktalla (AMTT) tupunachu,ashtawanka, imashinatak runakuna, kikinllatamutsushkata allichishpa kawsakukta rikushpami,tupuna kan.

Runakunapak allikana yuyayka, kikin sumakkawsay tasrishkapimi rikuchin, imashina shuktakshuktak ushay yachaykunawan chikan chikanmutsurikunata allichinata ushan, shinamikuymanta, kuyarinamanta, aynirinamanta,minkarinamanta, kishpiyrinamanta, kikinyarishpa,wiñarinamanta, shukkunapashmi kan.

May alli kawsayka achka watanta unkuy illakkawsaypimi kan, alli yachayta ushashpa, allikawsayta charinkapakka, tukuy ima mutsushaktapaktay ushashpami kan. (PNUD, 1997: 20). Allikawsayka mana achka “charinapilla” ushaypichu,ashtawanka ima “ruranata, ima kanata”ushaypimi tiyan. Alli kawsay ninkapakkarunakunapak ushaymantami llukshin: kikinimashina yuyaymanta, mutsuymanta,yachaymanta, imashina tantanakuymantapash.

Shinapash, runakunantin mutsushkata kunantukuy paktashpaka, kaya mincha kawsayta amallakichinkapakka, allpamamapi ima tiyashkataasha ashalla, paktanallata hapishpamikawsanakuna. Kaytaka tukuy sami runakunapak

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3. Mushuk kawsayman kutik: kullkiyuyaymanta Sumak Kawsayman Wiñariy


sapi wiñay kawsayta allikachishpa, tukuy llaktankawsaykuna tantarinata mutsunkakuna. Kayyuyayka ashtawan shuk hatun chulla runashinami: ayllullaktamanta karipura, warmipura,llaktapura, sami ayllupura, wawapura,wanprapura, hatunpura pakta pakta charichunmiapan. Shinaka tukuykunapa kimirina minkarinayuyaykunawan kanakapakmi kan.

Shinapash, ashtawan hatun mishak wiñariyyuyayka, shuk yuyaymi tukushka, uyaylla rinritukushpa, ima huchachikukpipash mana uyan.Shina warmikuna, sachakamayukkuna,kawsaykamayukkuna, ayllullaktayukkuna,llaktaykamayukkuna, shukkuna rimakpi,huchachikpipash, “llumiyashkashinami” kan.Shinapash chay huchachikkkunaka manachaypak rantipi, shuk wiñariylaya yuyaytachuranata ushashkakuna. Chaymantami shuklayakawsaypi kutin yuyarina kan, imashina tawkarunakunapura apanakuna, kawsanakuna, kullki-kapukuna rakinakunapi, allpamamapillankaykunapi, shukllaya kawsaykunamantayuyaykunata churankapa. 2008 watapiMamakamachiypi mushuk kawsanakuyta allikillkatishpa, kay Llankayñanka: wiñariy shimipakrantika, Sumak Kawsaypi yuyarinkapakka, ashapachata kuchun nishpami pakta yuyarishkakuna.

3.1. Sumak Kawsay yuyaymankuchuyaykuna

Punasuyu runakunaka shuktak mushukyuyaykunata, shuklaya rikuykunamanta, sumakkawsay yuyayta, may allí kawsanatapash,rikuchin. Paykunapak rikuypika kullki wiñariyyuyayka illanmi, shamuna yuyayka washapi manarikunchikchu, mana riksinchikchu; yallishkapachataka chimpapurapimi charinchik,rikunchik, riksinchikmi; paywanmi purinchik.Kay ñanpika ñawpa taytakunami ñukanchikwan,ayllu llaktawan, mamapachawanpash, shukllatukushpa pushankuna. Shinaka tukuy kaypikawsakpurami tanta “kanakunchik”,kawsanakunchik. Hawapacha, uraypacha,ukupacha, kanchapacha, kaypachapash,tinkirishpa, wankurishpa churupacha yuyaytarurankuna.

Ñawpa yayakunapak yuyayka wankurishkayuyaymi kan. Sumak Kawsay yuyayka“ñukanchikpak” kashkatami yuyachin.Ayllullaktaka tukuykunata katachin, ukllachin,mañaykunatapash mañan, tukuy llakta kashkatakutin kutin wiñachishpa, chay tukuyman sapitarpukka tukuykunami “kanchik”. Chaymantami

runakunaka kay tukuypakka shuk chulla shinamikan, shinaka sapan sapankunaka shukllawankurishkapi mana yapankapaklla kanchu.Tukuy wankurishka kashkaka, sapan kawsaypimirikurin, sapan kawsaypipash wankurishkashinamirikurin. “Pachamamaka wiñay wiñaytamikawsashka, kawsankarakpash; paypillatakmiwacharin, wañurin, pacha yallikpillami shuktukun” (kichwa yuyay). Chaymantamiallpapachata wakllichishpaka, ñukanchikllatakmiwakllirinchik. Sumak Kawkayka, chay rikuytamirikuchin. Alli kawsay paktayka. tukuy ayllullaktanwan, tukuy muyushka pachawan, sumakalli apanakuspa kawsayta rikuchin.

Alli Kawsay yuyayka, wakinpi shuktakyuyaykunawan, Kuntisuyu (Occidente) kawsayllaktakunapimi tiyan. Aritóteles pay yuyaripi,mana llullashpa rimanapi, llaktaymanta rimaripi,ñami Alli Kawsaymanta rimarka. Paypamanka,runa kawsayka kushikuyta paktankapakmi kan,tukuykunawan kushikuy, sapan runapakkushikuyka rurarin. Shuklaya nishpaka, sapankushikuyka, tukuykunapak kushikuymi, chaykaayllu llaktaypimi rurarin. Kay ukupika,kushikuyka mashiyaywan, kuyaywan, rurayushaywan, llaktay paktanawan, pachamamasumak kashkata rikuywan, sumakurayta killkaywiñachi ushaywanmi kan. Kay tukuy alliyuyaykunami hatun mishak wiñariy yuyaypikakunkarishka kan.

Shina hawa, wiñariy shimika kushi kankapakukupimi kashka, kayka kushikay allíkay yuyaymikan. Shinapash, kushi-kay yuyaytaka kutin kutincastellano shimipi uku ukumanta allichinatamutsurin. ¿Imamantatak?. Well-being shimikainglés shimipi yallichishpaka “allikay” nisha nin.Shinapash, inglés shimipi “to be” shimika kanaimachikmi kan. Castellano shimimantikrachishpaka “kana” hatun kawsay yuyaytakachinkachikunmi (Ramírez: 2008, 387).

3.2. Sumak Kawsaypak yuyarikunaAlli Kawsaypakka allí shunkuwan yuyarishkatakatiruraykunata rurashpapash, kimirinakishpirina yuyaywan tinkichishpa wasichinashinapakta pakta ruranakuna: shukkunaka charik,shukkunaka wakcha ima illak, ushay illak kanayuyayka kishpiyrishka runakunapika illanamikan. Kaypak imashina ushay rurayka,allpamamapi imalla tiyakkunata imashinamicharinapipash kanmi.

Wright, E.O. (2006) imashinami rikuchin, kayshinaka, sapimanta tukuy runakuna alli

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kankapak, kikin charikyaypash mirarichunkatukuy runakuna alli kishpiyrinata wiñachinatakallarinami kanchik. Kishpiyrinkapak runakunaashtawan sinchiyanami mutsurin, mana katuk-rantik wasi sinchiyanaka mutsurinchu(kullkipilla yuyak shina), ama Mamakamaylla( tukuymi tukuypak) rurana nishpa – shukllapushay ñanwan tukuykunata apankapak. Kay

sinchiyayka, kikin munaywan tantanakushpaima llankayman rinkapak, shukllapashllankankapak, minkapi, maypipash tukuy samillankayta alli wiñachinkapak kishpiyrina kan.Tukuy llaktayukkuna, ima kapukunata,kullkikunatapash rakishkata, churashkatarikuray ushayta charichun mañakun.

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3.1. shuyu: Sinchi runakuna

Sapi: Wright, E.O., 2006.

Rurashka: SENPLADES

Tukuy sami runakunapika3, sumakta tukuykunapaktay ushanaka sinchimi kan. Shinapash hatunchullan kawsayta uchillayachinkapak ñantakapaskanami mutsurin. Shinaka kikinllatakkishpiyrina kushkakunata wiñachi kallarinami,rantimanta yanaparinami, minkarinakunami,yupaychaywan riksirinakuyta kallarinami, tukuyñawpakman rinata ushankapak.

3.2.1. Tukuysami runakupitantanakuyman

Ñawpa tukuy charishkata kichukpi, mishaytukushpa kawsak runakunapi, ayllu llaktanpi allikawsay ushaypi, Sumak Kawsaypak chay ayllullaktakunaka ñawpay kallarinamanmiyallinkakuna. Kawsaypi yachaypura yachaywanmi,tukuy sami runakuna shuk hatun aputinpak

sapikuna shina kakta riksin, pachata imashirikuna, yachaykuna, shuk yuyaykuna, tukuytaruray ushaywanmi allitaka yachakyanchik.

2008 watapi Mamakamachiyka hatunñawpaytami charin: tawka kawsay yachay, achkasami runayuk 1998 Mamakamachiytaka,Mamallakta yachaypuraman yallin. Ecuadorllaktapi runakuna shina kullkimanta hatunchullanyashkapika, mishay paktamushkata manayuyarishpaka, kawsay yachaypurapi yuyaytakamana usharinchu. Kawsay yachaypurarimarinakuyka paktapurapimi kallarin, ranti shukyachaykunaka shuktak yachaykunawankaktakpika illanmi. Charikyaypi chullanyaykarunakunataka llankaymanta surkukpi, tsiknikpi,shuktaka mana riksikpimi, wakchayay llakikatukumushka.

3 Tukuy Sami, imashina kashkamanta: chikan kawsana llakta, chikan kawsaypi kana, chikan watayuk kana, chikankari-warmi tukuna, chikan sami ayllu, chikan mikuy, shina shukkunapash.


Tukuy tawka sami runakunapak shuk alli kaytarurankapakka, kay kimsa ruraykunatamialliyachinkapak pushay yuyayta mashkan: Tukuyalli pakta kanapak, tukuy – charikyayta; Ushakkamasma ushaypi allichikukpika sakichun, shinakachikan sami runa kakpi llapishka chulla kanatakaña sakichun. Tukuysami kawsay yachayka riksikñanpi purichun, tukuykuna yuyayta paskankapak,shuk kawsay yachaypurata yachankapak (DíazPolanco, 2005).

Tawkasami Hatun Mamallaktata charinkapakka,kimirina ushaywan, hatunyana yuyay kashkatasakishpa, mushuk mamallakta rurayta usharinka.Tawkasami yuyayka, runallaktakunapapushakkunata, paykunapak kawsaypi akllashkatariksin, shuk runakunashina kashkata paktayachin.Chaymantami tawkasami kawsaypika, imashinachikan chikan tantanakuy-kimirinakuykunataallikachin: llakta kimirina ushay, yuyachikimirina ushay, tukuyta pushakkunatapaktachishpami sinchiyachin.

Tawkasami Hatun Mamallaktata sinchikimirimuyta churashpa achka Mamallaktakunashayachinashinami rikurin. Tukuysamikawsayka mana hatun llaktakunamanllakanchu, ashtawanka marka llaktakunata,kitillaktakunatapash, sinchita yuyarin.Shinami tukuy llaktakunata rikushpa,tawkasami llaktayukkunawanpash, sinchiMamallakta tukun.

3.2.2. Sapan runa tantanakuypikawsanata munak4

Warmikuna, karikuna tukuyllami apanakuyyuyaywan, minkarik yuyaywan, llaktayyuyaywanpash kanchik. Tantanakushpa allíkawsayka, tukuypura riksinakushpa,minkanakushpa, mana shuk sapan ayllullakawsana kan. Kunanpi, mana ñukanchikpakawsayllata riksina, shukkunatapash rikurayashpa– kunan kawsakkunata, shamuk kawsakunatapsh,

chashna tantarishpa, sapan runakuna,ayllullaktakunapash paykuna munashkakawsayta, paktaykunatapash kawsachun.

Sapan runapak chay tantari yuyaywanmi, shukkishpiyri yuyayman kimirinchik. Kishpiyrikashuk mashikunapak hatun ruray ushaymantamisapan aputikman hatun ruray ushaykapaktamushpa rikurimun. Tukuypak kishpiyrika,sapan aputikkunapak hatun kishpiyrina ushaytapaktayllatami kan.

Kutinmi ninchik, sapan tantarishka runakunatariksinaka mana chikanyachinkakchu, shinakakikinllatak yachakyankapa, charikyankapa,mashiyarinkapa kayshuk runakunawanmirantimanta mutsurinakunchik. Runakunakaayllukunapi, yachay wasikunapi,tantanakuypipash utka yuyaysapa tukun,kuyaysapa tukun, kikin charishkakunata,munaykunata, yuyaykunata alli pacha rikunatamutsunkuna; shinami wakinpika asha wakinpikaachka tukuy kawsaypi rurashka, ashtawanka:wawa kakpi yuyak kakpimi yanapayta ashtawanmutsurin.

Chaymi, Sumak Kawsayka, llankarayaypachawan, llankaymanta ima llukshishkawan5

tinkirishka hamutarin. Sumak kawsaypisapiyashpa shinalaya sikanaka, tukuyman shukllankayta karanami kan. Alli llankakpikakuyanami kan. Warmikunaman ña mana chikanyanka llankayta kunachu kan. Shinakawarmiman, kariman pakta paktami llankaytakarana, shinami llankaypika alli rikushpachaskina kanchik (Herrera, G., 2009).

3.2.3. Pakta kawsayman,tantanakuyman, tukuykunawankurinakuyan

Shuk kawsak aputikka, tantakuk runakunatakutinmi chaskinata mañan. Paykunapiyaykunkapak, shuklla kakta rikunkanpak,

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4 Kay yuyaymanta ashtawan sinchi yachaykunaman chayankapak, Ramírez R. Mingeguiaga A. (2007) killkaypi rikuy.5 Ecuador Allpamama Ukupi Ima Tukuy sami Tiyakkuna (AMTT-PIB) mantaka 25% patsakrimanta 50%

patsakrikaman warmikunapak wasi ukupi llankaykuna, wawakunata, rukukunata rikurayashpa, yanushpa, takshashpa,pichashpa llankaykunapashmi kan (León, 1998). Kay rikurayashpa llankayka, sinchi llakichik, chullanyachi, shukrunakunamanta karkuypash kan. Mana pishi kullki kushkamantalla shuk llankaywasikunapi llankakshina llaki kan,ashtawanka mana rikurayashka runakuna tiyan, warmikuna tukuy kawsaypi shuk ayllukunata rikurayashpakawsashpapash nima kullkita mana chaskinchu, paykunata, pipash mana rikuyaran, shinallatak mana ninatapash,mana ushan, imashina tawka karikuna ruran. Chaymanta warmikunaka pacha illak kawsankuna.


rimankapak, pakta kankapak, alliwankurinkapak, kikin yanapak minkarik samaykuyuyta ushaypakmi munan.

Tukuykunawan paktanata munak runakunaka,mana shuklla ushak tukushka rikurinchu,tantanakuykunata mana chullanyachishpamirachinchu. Chay karankapaklla rikkunakamana kanchu. Karankapa chayakrikkuna karupikawsak tukuy sami aputikman mana karanchu.Shinaka shukmanka karan, shukmanka manakarashpami yapa chullanyayta mirachin. Chaykuskapi shayarita ushankapak hatun llapirikawsaytami charin. Chaypika tukuy warmikuna,karikunapak shuk kuskata mashkashpa, tukuykancha tinkirishkata riksirinakushpa tantanakuymunay kawsayta charinaka washayanmi.Shinapash, achikyachinami, tinkirimantarimashpa “tukuy kancha chayllatak kullkita [chayshinallatak wata kawsayta, nayayta, munayta,rikuyta, shukkunatapash] charinataka manausharinkachu, shinaka wiñay mishakkunapakukupi ña ama llapirishka kawsayta munakmashikuna shuk sinchi tinkirimunami mutsurin”(Fraser, 1999).

3.2.4. Runakunakunapakhayñikunata paktachinaman,runakuna kikin ushaytahawayachinkapa

Alli kawsaymanta kallarishpa, paktachinkapakkamana pishilla yanapaypi, ashalla mutsurishkawankamana sakinachu kan. Ashtawan alli munaykakikin runa kay kashkapimi, hatun alli ushaykunatamirarichikunatapash paktankapakmi. Chaytakarunakunapak sumak kawsaypimi rikuna. Wakchairki kawsayka mana allichu kan.

Imashina Premio Nobel de Economía AmartyaSen nishka: “ashtawan mutsurishka alli kaykunatikraypichu, kishpiyrishkapi akllaypakhillaykunapi sapan runakunapi chikan layamirikurin, charinakuna kapukunapi, shuklayatiyashkakunapipash paktami chullayashkakarikurinka, mana pakta kushikuyka tiyankachu”(1992).

Shinaka tukuykunaman hayñikunaka paktachunmikan. Hayñikunawanka rantimantami imaruraykunatapash shukkunawan, kikinayllullaktawan, tukuy Mamallaktapakrunakunawan paktachinakunatakmi kanchik.Hayñikuna paktana kakpika, ushaykuna manaakllashkachu kana, tukuypak ushaymi kan.Achikyayka hatun ninan mutsurik ashallapachapillami achikyachinata ushanka, shinakaalli charikyankapak, tukuy mashikunawan

ashata, unayta llankankapakmi shuklla shinayanaparimi ñawpachinka.

3.2.5. Pachamamawanmashiyarishpa kawsayman

Kunan kawsakwan, kayamincha kawsakwan,shuktak kawsakkunawan alli kanaka, kikinyachakyayta ñawpachinkapak shuk sumak ruraykallarimi kan. Kayka pachamamapi chariyaykatiyashkata ñami riksin; charikyayka shuk hatunllikapika, allpa llikami kawsayta charichin,tukuyta mutsushkata karashpa, ñukanchikimakunata hichuskatapash paymi chaskishpakawsayta karan (Falconí, 2005).

Pachamamapi ima tiyakta kasilla sakinaka manakanchu; chayka mana ushaypakchu kan, tukuysami aputikkuna ninata, hillaykunatamutsunchik, chaytaka allimantami hapinchik.Shinapash imataka wakaychishpa asha ashallamihapina.

3.2.6. Yanaparinakuyman,minkarinakuyman, shukkuyanakuy kawsayman

Tukuykuna sumak alli kawsanakuyta charinkapakshuk rikuchikta mutsurinmi. Kayka antimantakuyanakuywan warmi karinpura yanaparinakuywanshuklla shina tantanakuyta ayllullaktapihatunyachinami kan, riksichinatapash paktayushanami. Kay paktanaka shuktak runakunawanushayta charinami, sapan runakuna tantanakuypimunaywan kimirinami, sapallaka mana yapacharikyanachu, maypipash sapalla hatuk-rantikmitsa runakuna shinaka mana kanachu kanchik.

Mashi kayka kitipi shuk alli ruraywanyanapaymi: shuk warmikuna, karikunamutsuykunata, munaykunata riksinami,kamachiypak alli pakta kaktaka chaskinami,tukuy runakunawan alli kamachik ukukunapikasumaktami rimana, chaypika ama pi shukpakmunayllawan taktashka shina rikurinachu. Tukuykarikuna, tukuy warmikuna mashiyarishpa allillankay ushayta rikuchina kanchik.

3.2.7. Llankayman,shuk kishpichik samarinaman

Hatun kishpiyri kallari iñuka llankaymi kan.Llankayta charishpami tukuy kikinllatak imatarantishun, mikushun, churarishun, kikin wasipialli kawsankapa.

Runakunapak llankay ruraykunapika, llankayrakinawan, ruryay rakinawan pantarishkakuna.

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Kunan kullkisapa runakunapika, llankayruraykunataka shinami rakin: kullkipak llankay,kikin katuy-rantiy llankay, mana katushpawasipilla llankay, ayllullakta llankaypash. Kayyuyaywanka, shuk paktay katikilla shinami:tukuy llankana kipita tukuyman llankachunrakina, mana kullkipi llankayllata chawpinachu(Riechmann y Recio, 1997).

Shuklaya pachaman yllinkapa, shuk paktaykakashna nishkawan paktan “ashallata llankana,tukuyllatak llankachunkuna, ashallata millpuna,tukuykuna allpamama karashkata wakaychishpamillpuchun, kawsayta alliyachinami tukuykunakikin manya kawsakkunata, kikin kawsaytaachka pachawan yanapashpa; imata rakishkatallamana rimarinachu, kikin llankaywan imatasurkushkata, surkushkataka imashinamillpushkatapash rimarinami” (Riechmann yRecio, 1997: 34). Shinapash, llankayppachatapishiyachishpa rakinaka tukuypak paktayta yankarikunallaka mana kanchu, shinaka tukuyrunakunapa kullkipak llankayta charishpakasumakyayta paktachunmi.

Imalaya pukuchina yuyayka llankaypimi shunkukan, shinapash mana mamallaktapak kashka,charishkakunawan, imashina socialismo realyuyarirka, ashtawanka Mamallaktapakkashkakunawan, ista runakunacharishkakunawan, chawpi chawpi kankapa,maypi ista runakunapak kashkataka(cooperativas) kamachiykunawan allichinkapa.Chayka sapalla kullkita hapikmanta,tukuykunawan ayñiyana tiyachun. Tukuykunaalli charikyayka karanakuywan mishaymi, sapanmunaywan charikyaypakmi, shinapashkaranakuy, minkarinakuy, tukuy runakuna allikaktaka sumakllami rimana (De Sousa Santos,2007).

3.2.8. Tukuykunapak kashkatahatunyachinaman6

Kay puchuk chunka watanpak, tukuypak shukhatun llakika, mamallaktapak kashkakunata,wakinkunallami kullki yarkaywan kichurkakuna,kay mushuk hatunyak runakunaka imakichushkata kutichichuntakmi mañan. Ñacharishkataka kutichichun, tukuyman yanapaykaalli surkushka shina, tukuypak chaskishkarikurichunmi yuyan. Tukuy charishkakunataka,mana pipash mitsanata ushankachu, mana kushanishpa shayrinkachu, mana katuna-rantina,

ñukallami rikuna kani ninkachu.Mamakamachiyka chay tukuypakkayta,tukuykunaman karana, yanapana kan.

Chay hawa, tukuypa charishkata kutin hapinakapakashkata hapik shinami.

Mamallaktapak kamachiypika tukuy imarurashkata achiklla rikuchina sumakmi. Manashinakpika, imakunata rakikukpika chullanyaymirarinman, mana chaskikkunaka imashinatakpaykunamanpash mañayta ushanmankuna.Tukuypak kashka, tukuy achiklla kakpika, manapispash, kayka ñukapak nishpa, llapinataushankachu. Shina ñukapakmi yuyashpawarmitaka anchatami waktan.

Tukuy runakunapak kak yuyayka tuparinakunakuskakunami kan: tukuyllatak yaykuchunsakinami, mana pita surkunachu, mana katuk-rantik yanka pampapi katukkuna, rantikkunashinaka kanachu kan.

3.2.9. Kimirinapi, Shuk pushak llaktaushayman, ayniriman,kishpiyrinamanpash

Tukuyman kak Mamallaktaka ushayyukukukunatami mutsun, tukuyman imashina alliushakkutapash mutsunmi, shuk llikapi tawka layaushakkuna sinchita charirishpa, tukuyrunakunata yaykuchichun. Chaypi kishpiyrikrunakunaka kikin yuyaywan rikurichun, mamakachak tukuyman ima rurakushkata chapachun.Chaypak tukuykuna yuyarinakuna kushkantapaskakpimi, tukuy kikin sumak yuyaykunawantukuyman allipak rimarinakushpa mirachinka,payllatak imashina kamachirinata ushanka, kikintantanakuykunata ruranka, shinamipaykunallatak shuk hatun shunku kaspishinatukuyman yanapay ushayta shayachinkakunakaytami Mamallaktaka mutsun.

Tukuykunawan kamayka : shuk ninanta llankakrunakunawan, tukuy sinchita kuyurikrunakunawan, ayllu llaktan tantanakuykunawan,kitipi tantanakuykunawan, tukuy sapitantanakuymanta Mamallakta kamaypitiyakkunawan mamallaktapa llankakkunawan;kikin llaktapi, Mamallakta yachaykunapi tinkiririmarinakuykunawan, chaykunapika kikin alliyuyaykunawan sumakta yuyarichinataushakkunawan, imata rurakushkata chapachunmutsurinmi.

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6 Tukuypak kakkunapi, ashtawan sinchi riksinata munashpaka Rabotnikof, 2005 killkapi rikuy.


Imashina yuyarinakuypi ashtawan munaykuna,ashtawan wakcha ayllu llaktakunapi pushakkunaraña charikpi, chaymanrak, runakunaman paktapakta kutin rakikpika alli llukshikpi kushikurina kan.

3.2.10.Llakta ushay, Tawkaymanta,mana iñikatik shukMamallaktaman

Tawkasami Mamallaktaka runa ayllukunata,warmitukuk karitukukkunata, imalaya charikallpakunatapash tukuyta riksinkapakmi mashkan,shinallata shuk mamallaktaypilla yuyaytachurashpa kankapa.

Tawkasami hatun Mamallaktaka, achkapak allikana yuyaykunawan sumakta mama llaktawansinchi tinkirishpa ima allitaka surkun.

Shina warmipak karipak shuyuka, kikinshukpaklla kashka hayñikunatakamañarayashpami, shuk hatun hayñikunapitantanakuna, shina: rimaypi, kawsay yachaypi,paktaypi, allpa charinapipash, tukuypak kashkatachaskina.

Shinallatak, shuk Mamallaktapak riksika tukuylaya karipak warmipak pak tapakta kachunyanapak ukunpi tukuylaya runakunamikamaywan ñawparayashpa ña allichikunami kan.

Shinami wakin runakuna, ayllukuna ñawpapachamanta ñitishka kawsayta charishkapi,kunanka sumak paktayñankunata churashpa,chikan kashpapash, kari warmikuna, alli paktapakta kawsayta ushankakuna

Sapimanta tukuypak shuk alli kay runakunapika,kawsaypi sumak rurayka, kikin yuyay allichullukshinta ruraypi rikunkapakmi. Shinakakishpirishka kasi wayra shinami kikin yuyaywanrimarinata usharin. Kay sumak ruraypak shukmay allika kikin ushaypimi sapiyan: ayllupak,kawsay yachaypak, ñawpa pachamanta tukuykawsay shinami rurarin. Shinaka, sumak yachayrurayka Mamallakta yanapaywan tukuypak allimikallarina. Mamallakta kamachimantakishpiyrishkami, tukuy katuna rantinapipashkawsaypi sumak rurayka kacharishkami kashka.Chaymi, kawsaypi sumak rurayka ama imallakikunapi urmachunka rikurana, chaparayanakanchik.

Mamallaktataka kushipata yuyaymantamikishpichina kan, chaymi paktay kamachikuna,llaktay yuyaykuna tukuy runakunapash,wiñarinata, wichayman rinatapash ushankakuna.Kikin hayñikunapi sumak yuyayta sapiyachishpamisine qua non, tukuylaya tawka runakunapakkushiyay tiyan. Mamallakta mana imaapunchikkunapak iñikunata hapishpakatukuykunamanmi imalaya llankayñankunata churan.

Shinami sapan kari, sapan warmi runa kikinkishpiyrina yuyaywanmi, tukuy muyuntintukuypak runakunamanta payllatak akllarin,tukuylaya rikuchishpa kunaytami chaskin.Shinapash pay kikinpak ima alli yuyayta,kikinpak alli charinata, may iñiman rinata, payima munashkallatami akllan. Shinaka tukuy samiiñi apuchik wasipuranta, Mamallaktakamachikmantapash rakirinaka mutsurintakkashkata ari rikuchintakmi. Ima iñita katik,imashina Apunchikta mañana kishpiyri yuyayka,sapan runapak hayñipimi tiyan, shinakatukuyman ushakkunaka mana pita akllashpa,tukuytami alli chaskina.

Warmitukuna karitunapash hayñi ruraypi, mirarihayñikunapipash mana iñita katik Mamallaktakasapan kikin munashkata akllakta chaskinmi,iñipi yuyaykunataka mana chaskinkapakñawpakmanmi kuyurin. Shuknikipi tawkalayayuyak runakunawan mana nanarishpallakawsanakuyta yachaymi. Ishkayniki imata alliyuyaypak, yachakyaypak, hatun yachaypakmikana, taripanalla kakta, sumakyanalla kakta.Ranti yankalla alli laya iñikunapak rimakkaimata ruraypika mana rikuchinchu. Chaymisapan runakunallatak kikin imashina kawsaypikana kakta (warmitukuy-karitukuy) mashnamirarinatapash sapan sapanmi akllana tukun,mushuk yachaykunata chaskishpa, willaykunatauyashpa, mana hucha yuyaywan, kishpiyrinatakayachakyaywan akllana.

3.3. Ecuador llaktapakMamakamachiypiSumak Kawsay7

Mamakamachiyka, charikyaypilla hatunyashpawiñarina pishi rikuytaka mishanmi. Runahatunyaytami shunku kawsaypi churan; Sumak

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7 Kay wankupika Larrea, A. M. 2009 killkashkamanta llukchishka.


Kawsay paktanami runakunapak yuyayka kan.Yanka kishpichik yuyaymi, Mamakamachiykatuk-rantikwan ishkaypurami nishpa llullan.Mama kamayka, Mamallakta kamachiywan,katuk-rantik, runakuna, allpapi tiyakwantinkirinami nin. Katuna-rantina wiñari yuyaykawashaman sakirin, ashtawankarinMamallaktawan, runakunawan, allpapitiyaykunawanpash tinkirishpa llankay yuyaymi.

Amérika Latina llaktamanta runakunapakkishpiyri tiyachun llankashpa katirayaymantamikay Sumak Kawsayka, yuyayka ñawpakmanpaktamushka. Kay tawka chunka watantamiashtawan allitak rikunata mutsushpa, chaymashnata charikyanapilla kichki yuyaytakamishan. Shinaka shuklaya mushuk charikyaytarurachun sakinmi. Chaymi, tukuy ima tiyashkatasapalla huntachishpa katikuchunka manamunan; ashtawankarin, ñawpa pachamanta,katuk-rantik kullkisapa yuyaypi manakimirishkakunawanmi, shuklaya pukuchina,shuklaya mirarichina yuyakunatapash hapishpa,tantachishpa, shuklaya kawsayman katichunta munan.

Shinallatakmi, allpapi ima tiyakwan,runakunawan imashina tinkirinmanta kutintakalli rikushpa, alli yuyarishpami, Sumak Kawsay,yuyayka ñawpamushka. Kayka, runakunapakllarural munay kashkamanta, allpamamapitiyaykunawan runakunawanpash yuyalkawsaymanmi yallikunchi (Guimaraes citado enAcosta, 2008), chaymanta tukuy allpamamapakkapukunataka runakunami paykunapak mashnamuturishkata millpushpa, shukkunatakamirarichun, kutin kutin mirachunpash sakinami.

275 nikipi Mamakamachika Sumak Kawsaytakatawkasami runakunapura, allpapi tukuykawsakkunawanpash kushi kawsayta charinkapachay hayñikunapimi,hapirina kanchik nin. Shinaallpapacha kashkapak hayñikunata riksin,yachan, imashina allpapacha kapushinalla yuyaykashkamantaka “kuska kawsay llakta, mirarinakawsay kashkaman” yallin.

Mamakamachiyka Mamallaktapak llankay ñanrurayta, kamachiynata, kapukunata rakinatapashkutichimunmi, tukuykunaman llankanaushaymanta. Mana mana mushukyakshinakanchu, shinallata mana ñawpa katuna-rantinayuyayta Mamallakta kashkawan rantipichuranchu.

Chaypak rantika, hayñikunata sinchiyachishpa,mirachishpa, minkanakuypi mushuk runakunakanakapakka, Mamakamachimi, chaykunatakasinchiyachina yuyayta mashkan.

Mushuk Mamakamachiypak, Sumak Kawsaykatukuy tawka sami runakunapak may alli kawsaytacharinkapa, paykunapak achka ushaytapashmirachinkapakmi; shinallata shuklaya pukuchita-kullkita charishpa tukuy llaktaman, uchillallaktakunamanpash tukuy tiyashkata pakta paktarakina; shinallata mamallaktapak kikinaukiyanata, Aby-yala Mamallaktakunawantinkirinakunata, tukuy kawsaysamirunakunatapash rikurayashpa, allikachishpakawsana. (276 Niki).

Mamakamachiypika tukuy sami runakunamantarimashpa, mana kawsaymantallachu alli kachin,kullki charina llikapipashmi allikachin.Mamakamachika chay kullki charina llikatakasami runakunaman, ayñi yuyaywan, yanapayyuyaywan rikun, ña mana cantina-katunatashunkutashina churashpa, kunanka tukuyrunakunaman katuy-rantiy kachunmi yuyarin.Charikyaypika kawsay miraripak imata surkushpayanapaytami charina kashka. Kay hawa alliyuyarikpika tukuy tantachishpakullkisapakunapak waklli yuyaypika kullkimishunku kawsay kashka. Chaymanka llankaymishunkupacha kan. Chaymanta tukuyrunakunapak, kulli charina yuyaykunapiyanapan; ima llankay, ima tiyak, ima kullkipash,llankak runakunapak makipi sakirichun.(Coraggio, 2004).

3.3.1. Sumak Kawsaypak hayñikunashayakkaspishina

Runakunapak hayñipak Mamakamachiy kanarantika, mushuk Mamallakta kamachikpakSumak Kawsay rikuy hayñikuna yachayka hatunmushukyaymi, “hayñikunapak, alli kanakuypakkamachik” Mamakamachiyka 1 nikipiriksishpami kallarin. Kay Mushuk Mamakamachiyyanapaywan sapimantami, hayñikunataka utkakikinpi paktachinatak kanchik. Hayñitapaktachinkapak wawa kamachiykunata manamutsunchikchu. Ecuador llakta kikin yanapaytamirachinmi, yanka kamachiypi kichkiyaykaillanmi. Kimsa sami yanapaymi tiyan:kamachiykuna tukuy runakunamanllankayñankuna, kikin llaktakunapikamachikuna (Ávila, 2008: 3-4). Shinami,llankayñankunaka,tukuy ushak hayñikunatayanapankapak yallin.

Alli kawsayta charinkapaka tukuylayahayñikunatami shukllapi tantachishka Guyanakanchik, chayka Mamakamachiypimi manachikanyachishpa alli killkashka kan., hayñipuratantanakushka pakta pakta riksirin (11 niki, 6yupay). Mana pi takarina sapalla hayñi tiyanchu

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shukkunata llakichishpa, pawashpa yallikhayñipash illanmi, mana kallari hayñikunatarakalli paktachinakamanka. Kay kullkipilla yuyayrikuypika kishpiri yuyaytami allikachin, kuyan(mishak yuyaywan runakunapak hayñikunatahamutashkapi killka katipay) pakta paktahayñita ruranapak ranti llakichinmi; pakta paktaayñimi Declaración de los Derechos Humanos de1948 shunkuka kanmi (Díaz Polanco, 2005).

3.4. Tawkasami, tawka kawsayHatun MamallaktataWallpashpa

Ecuador tukuy sami runakunaka tukuylayakawsay yachaywanmi rikurin, shinapash,Mamallakta kamachikka kallarimanta, chaytakamana rikuchishpami, paykunapak imamutsushkatapash mana karashkachu, ayllurunakunamankarin mana imata kushkachu.Tawkasami, tawka kawsay Hatun MamallaktataWallpankapakka, tukuy sami runakunata shukllaMamallaktapi tantachina, shinapash paykunasapan sapan ayllu kashkata chanishpa, maypitawkapura kawsana ayñikunawan paktachishpa,kushi kushi kawsankapa: runa ayllukuna,yanakuna, mishukunapash.

Tukuy chariskata kichushpa atitukushkachikanyachishka pachamanta llakirishkarunakunamanka, kikin kishpirita, kikin ñawpakawsaymanta ima charishkata ña kutichinapachami kan. chaytaka tukuy runaayllukunaman, pakta kachun ruraykunata,llankaykunatapash Mamallaktata pushakkunakarurana kan, shinami Tawsami Hatun Mamallaktataruryata (Mamakamachiy, 1 nikipi) tantarinatausharinka.

Tantanakuy runa ayllukuna chikankawsaykunawan, Mamallakta pushakkunamana imata kukpi, ashtawan wakchayachikpi,kaparishpa, jatarishpa mañankapakmi kan, manachikanyarinkapak, mana shuka Mamallaktakashkata rakinkapakchu kan.

Sumak kawsayka tukuypura pushanakushpa,kimirinakushpa kawsayta mutsunmi.Chaymantami Mamallaktaka tukuy sami kashkarunakunawan, kutin mushuk kawsay, mushkMamallaktata wallpashpa, tukuypurakimirinakushpami, chikan ayñikunata,kamachiykunata, llaktay kashkatapash ruranatausharinka.

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4.1. ¿Imamantatak mushukwaranka watapak Ecuadorllaktaka mushukyaytamutsun?

Kay Mamallaktapak Paktay yuyay, kunanllakikunata rikuchikunallataka manaushankachu. Runakunapak kay llakikuntakañami alliyachina kan. Chaymantami, kay 3chunka watanpi,Mamallaktapak chariyay,runakunapak alliyay, tukuyman alli ushaykallarishpa ñawpana yuyayka tukuymiwakllirishka rikurin. Chaymi kay rikuyka,ñawpa yuyayta, chariyaypi mishak llikata, akllayushay ukunta, sapalla usharishka llakikunatamikillkanata mashkan. Kay tukuy llakimi Ecuadorllaktapak runakuna ama ñawpakman richunshuktak hatun llakikunata mirarichirka.

4.1.1. Manarak Ecuador Mamallaktatukukpi, runakunapak allikaykawsaykunata kunkashkakuna

Ecuador llaktamanta runakunapak chullanyaytaka,Mamakamachiy kallaripimi willan. Chaykamachiypimi achka runakunata chikanyachishpakanchaman sakirka. Ñawpa willayta killkak JuanPaz y Miño (2007) ninmi, 1830 y 1929wantanpi, -tukuykuna Mamallaktata kallaripatsak watanpika-, Ecuador llaktapakMamakamachiyka, shuk achka manchanayayallpayukkunalla kamachiychunmi yanaparka.Chay pachapika, imata charinakamirarinakushpa hatun ushayman sikankapakllamikarka. Chay yapa chariyukkuna ashtawanhatunyachunmi, Mamallaktaka kullkiwanyanaparka.

1830 watapi Mamakamachiyka, 75nikikunawanmi, mana chariyukkunata, kariwarmimanta yapakay yuyayta, mana mishu-yurakkakkunata kunkashpa killkarkakuna. Shinakashkami 12 rakipi rikurin, runakuna hayñitacharinkapakka, sawarishkami kana karka, 300pesos kullkita charina, hatun yachakpash kanakarka, mana kumuchishka, killkana -killkakatinatapash yachana karka; 68 niki,killkaypi, kushipatakunatami runakunapak yaya-mama tukuchun nin, runakunaka “muspami,yankami, nimata mana charikkunami”

Mamakamachiykunapak 9 nikipi, 1835, 1843,1845, 1852 watakunapi, shinallata 8 niki, 1851wata Mamakamachiypika 1830 wataMamakamachikpak 12 nikipi killkashkatakutintakmi killkarkakuna, kullkitallami 200pesos kullkiman urichirkakuna. Chay pushakushaywan yuyaykunami kutin kutin chayllapitakillkarinkuna. 1884 wata Mamamachiypillami,Kamchiy rural pushakkuna, tukuy llaktatapushakmanpash, kay llaktay kankapak kullkicharinamanta anchuchirkakuna.

Wañiriyna, killkanata yachak kanaka sarun 1979watapillami anchuchirka (Paz y Miño, 2007).Kay 1950 watapi, 44% patsakri runakunakakillka illakmi karka. Kay 1980 wata kallaripika,Ecuador llaktapi, chuskumanta, shuk runañawiri, killkay illakmi karka (Gráfico 4.1), kayraki, tukuypak ushaypika, shuk chawpi, manakashpaka chawpipa chawpi runakunatamikanchapi sakikkuna kashka. Kaymantami,Mamakamachiykunaka runakunata kanchapisakikkunalla kashka, Shinami Ecuador llaktapikachullayashpa, chikan chikan rakirishkatarikuchin.

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4. Taripay yuyari: 3 chunka wata kullkipilla yuyal,31 killata runakunapak Kuyurimuy


Apunchikta iñik kashkamanta, runakashkamanta, warmi kashkamanta, yanakashkamantapashmi shuktak samichikanyachikuna, karuyachikunaka tiyarka. 1869watapimi García Moreno Mamallaktapak Pushakkashpa “La Carta Negra” killkashkapi,: católicoiñik kakpillami llaktayuk kashkata riksirka. 1852watallapimi yana runakunapak llapishkakawsayka tukurirka (Paz y Miño, 2007.5).Warmikunapak llaktayuk kankapak, akllaykunapishitana hayñikunapipash, Mamallaktawiñarishka patsak wata katipimi, 1929 watapiMamakamachiyka riksirka.,

1895 watapi, Revolución Liberal tantanakuy,Mamallakta mushukyarichun alliyarichunyanaparka; kawsay hayñikuna paktaypi, ashtawankayachakuypi pakta kachun yanaparka. Shinapash1925 watapi, Revolución Julianawan Mamallakta,allpa chariyukkunawan ari ninakushkata pitirirka.Chay pachamantami kullki llika charimantaashtawan llankaykunaka kallarin, Runakunapa,llaktaykunapa ayñikunaka allimanta allimantañawpakaman katin, shinapah kullkimantallankakkunamanmi, ayñikunaka ashtawanpaktarkakuna.. Llaktayukkunapak, llaktaykunapakhayñikuna paktay kallarin, shinapash wankurikawsay hayñika llankakkunapakllami karka. Shina,Paz y Miño nishka shinaka Revolución Juliana

chay pushakkunapashmi XX patsak watapi,Ecuador llaktaka Pachamamapi, Apya-Yalallaktapipash yaykuchirka, shinami alliyari pachaka,iskun waranka iskun patsak iskun chunkawatakaman katirka.

1998 watapi rurashka Mamakamachiypimi,llaktayukkunapak, llaktaykunapakhayñikunataka ashtawan alliyarirkakuna. Shinakashpapash, wankuri kawsay hayñi, kullkichariyuk hayñi, rantikkunapakhañikunatapashmi riksirkakuna, ashtawankallankak runakunapakmi hayñikunata rurashka,paykunata ashtawan yanapankapa rantinkapakkullkita paktata charikkunapa karka. Kayrikchakpika, hatun katukkunami ashtawankatunakunata mirachishpa, Mamallaktapakkullki chariyta llaktayukkunaman chayachishpa,charishkakuna kushkata llaktayukkunamanrakishpa alliyachirka.

Kunan pachakamanka, Ecuador llaktaka, 20Mamakamachiykunatami charishka. Yankallawiñariy pachallapimi chikan chikan samimantamana wiñarishka, Mamallaktaka paypak kallaripachamanta, allpapi tiyakkunata (punkara),pukushkakunata (patas, palanta) katushpalla,mana wiñarinata katushpami charikyana ñantawiñachishka.

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4.1. shuyu: Killkanata mana yachakkuna, 1950-2001

Sapi: SIISE, versión 4.0, Basado en Censos de Población y Vivienda 1950 - 2001.

Rurashka: SENPLADES.


Kay wiñariynamanta yuyay puchukay pachakunapika,mintalay ñankunallami Mamallakta wiñariy,charikyay pachaman chayanchina yuyaykunatachurashkakuna, shinallatak kikincharishkakunapash kan. Kay shina rikchakñanpika, katuna rantillami charishkakunatakarakinka yuyanmi, shinallatak wakchakunataakllashpa yanapay kawsaypashmi alliyachinyuyanmi.

Kay wiñarina ñanta churashkamantami, Ecuadorllaktapika achka kari runakuna, warmikunatapashkatuna rantimanta karuyachishpa sakishka, shinakashpami hayñkunataka mana allí pakchichirka.Kay shina wiñariy ñanpika achka kullkita charishpakatuy ranti ñanpi yaykurita ushakkunapillamiashtawan yuyashka, mana kashpaka yayamamakunacharishkakunata hapishpa chariyukkunapipashmiyuyashka, shina kay wiñariy ñanta yaykurishpasinchiyachinata yanapachun.

4.1.2. Wiñariy hatun yuyaytaanchuchinamanta8

Kulki Wiñariy yuyayka kay pachakunapikashuktakyashkami, kallaripika uchilla yuyaymikarka. Chinchaysuyu llaktakuna shina hatunrurakamayuk kanata munashpami, Kullasuyupipashshinallatak ruranata munashkakuna. Mamallaktaukupi ashtawan pukuchinata munashkakuna,Mamallakpi tiyakkunaka ima pachapash manatukuripakmi kan yuyashpa, shinallatakpachamamapipash nima pachapash manatukurikmi nishpa kallarishkakuna.

Chay pachapimi CEPAL shuti wasi, ñaantawiñariychun shuk llankay yuyayta churarka;karumanta rantinata sakishpa, kikin ruranakamayta ashtawan sinchiyachinkapa nishapamishina rurarka. Kay ruray yuyayka shinami nin:wiñariykuklla llaktakunaka, ruray kamayka,llaktayukkunaman llankaykunata kushpapash,karu llaktakunapi rurashkakunata mana apamuyushashkamanta; ashtawanka kikin Mamallaktallapitakmakiwanlla rurashkakunatami sinchiyachinaminirka. (UN-ECLAC 1970). Mushukyachikruraykamayukkuna, katuna rantinapimishanakukkunapash pishishkamanta,Mamallaktami ruraykamaykunata,

chakraykunata, llankay wasikunata alliyachinallaktaykunawan wiñachishpa yanapana.Kullasuyu Mamallaktakuna ruraykamaykunatawiñachishpaka, amawtay yachayta hapishparunakunapak kawsayta alliyachinatami yuyarka.(Prebisch, 1996).

Ashtawankarin, Kullasuyupi kullki llikayuyayka“tukuyay llika” yuyaytami charinkuna,chaypika allpapi tiyakkunata rantinpuraypikamana allichu karka, shinallatak kay wankuriyyuyaykunaka Mamallaktata alliyachikuypimi,wiñarirka, shinallatak wiñarikukllaMamallaktakuna, charishkakunata rakinkapakyuyaymi karka. Chaymantami, kay yuyaykunakashukkunata chawpi shunku shina, shukkunakamanyapi shitashkashina karka, ñawpa“neoclásica” yachay yuyayta mana allí nishpa,shuktak alli, mana llullak kullki chariyayyuyaykunatami churarka. (Prebisch, 1987).

Kay rurakamay yuyayta anchuchinaka,Mamallaktakunapi ajuste estructuralalliyachinapimi waranka iskunpatsakpusakchunka watapi pachamama “ kullki llikallaki kashkata” allichinkapa kallarirka, chayllakika Estados Unidos kullki llika tiyanapimikallarirka, Vietnan makanakuypi achka kullkitachurashkamanta, shinallata pachamamapipunkara chanikuna 1973 watapi OPEPchurashka mirarishkamanta.

Kay llakika 1990 watakunapimi ashtawansinchiyarka, chay wiñarina yuyaypi ranti, amaashtawan wakllirinkapak kullki kuyuchinapillankayñankunata churashkamanta; chayyuyaymi kallari hatun yuyay karka, kullkimantatukuy mamallaktakunapi wakllirishkamanta,manarak kutin kullki wiñarinapi yuyashpallatak.

Ñukanchik Ecuador llaktapi kapukkamayllankaykunata manarak alli tupushpamiyankamanta rimashpa mana allichu nirkakuna,shimani ñawpashina llankaykunakakullurishkami nishpa sinchita willarkakuna,chikanyay katuy ranti llankaykunaMamallaktachiyta yapa yaykurishka kakpimihatun llapi urmashka ninkuna. Chay llakikunataallichinkapaka Mamallaktachiypak yaykuri

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8 Kay killka wankuka, Falconí y Oleas, 2004, killkashkapi ashtawan sinchi yachaykunata llukchishka.


pishiyachun yuyarkakuna, shinami ashtawankatuna-rantinata yuyayta mirachirkakuna.(Falconí y León, 2003). Astawanka hatunllakikunata allichinkapakka katuna rantinaruraypimi churarkakuna.. Kay tukuyyuyaykunataka shukllapimi tantachirka,Consenso de Washinton9 yuyaypi.

Kullki Wiñaymi ashtawan allí kan, washanmanrinapak rantipika, chaymi ashtawan allí kawsaytacharinkapa sapi yuyaymi kan; shinapash shuktakkullkikuna yaykukpika mana runa sumak kawsaytatarinkapakchu, ashtawan karu watakunamanpaktachun.

Kullkipilla yuyakkuna Mushuk llankaytarurashpapash, chay wiñarikunaka, mana kaynawatakunashina mirarishkachu, ashtawanpashrunallaktakunapak kullki yaykuy astawanpishiyashpaka hatun wakcha llaktakunamimirarishka, kutin charikkunaka ashtawankullkiyuk tukushpami katinkuna. KullasuyuMamallaktakunapika hatun makanakuykuna,atipanakuykuna, purik unkuykunami llakichirka,shinapash millay kamachikkunaka llakikunatarikushpa, yachashpapash mana imata rurankunachu.Kutin Chinchaysuyu Mamallaktakunapakallpakunapika achka yuyarunata tarpushpamimirachinkuna, Kullasuyu allpakunapikakawsaypash ashtawan wakllirishpami katin(Muradian y Martínez Alier, 2001).

4.1.3. Kullkipilla yuyay llika,llakituykunapash10

Kullkipilla kullkikamay yuyayllapikka kaypuchukay kimsa chunka watakunapimiwakllirishka. Chaymantami hatun llakikunatakamana alliyachinata ushay tukushkakuna.Shinapash hatun paktana yuyaykunaka

kullurishkami. Chaymantami paktana yuyaykunawakllirirka, mamallakta kullkikamaytakallaripika pakta pakta kachun chayana karka,chaymanta, kutin kipaman kullki wiñaritachurankapak.

Wiñariy ñanta rurashkapash kullkikamayllapiyuyashpami kulli hamutana yuyaytakarurakakuna., ashtawanpash tukuy tantachipak“wankurishpa kawsaypak alli kachun” yuyaritakakunkarkakuna. Kullki wiñaypi mana tukuy runallakikunata allichinata ushay tukushpaka, manaimapakpash allí kanchu, Medio escolásticanishka yuyayman tikrana shinatami yuyachin.

Mushuk wiñariy rurayman chayankapakaPachamamata mushukyachishpahatunyachishpami kallarin, shinapashkullkikamayta alli rikurayashpa,mutsurikunatapash riksishpami llaktayukkunapaktantarikunata sinchiyachinkapakikinyachinapash kan, shina; Mamallaktapakkamishka llankakkuna kawsan. Ashtawankarin,kullkikamay llakikunata chimpapurankapakayupaychay shunkutami charina, shukyachaykunawanpashmi kimirina kan, shina:chaypakka shuktak yachaykunawan allikimirishpa kana; llaktaymanta, runayachaymanta, wankurishpa kawsayta yachay,runapak kawsayta yachay, runa yuyayyachaypashkanmi.

Kullkikamay pishilla yuyayta washamanshitankapaka kikinllatak yankalla chanirishpamana kayman chamuna tukuna kan, neoliberalllaktay yuyaytaka riksinami kan, imashinarunakuna kashkata hamutayka chaninami kan,hatun yuyaykunami tukuylla llaktayta ruraypikapushankapa yanapan, ima wiñaripachatarikushpa.

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9 Consenso de Washington (Washington llaktapi 1989 watapi, Institute for Internacional Economic shuk tantanakuytarurashkamanta llukshishka) yuyayka kaykunami kan: mamallakta kullkita allí kamana, nisha nin, kullki paktaymanta,illak kullki, mana kashpaka ancha pishi kullki, manatak paktachun; ashtawanka tukuy ima ruraykuna, maypi achkakullkita mirachik llankaykunapi yapa kullkita churana yuyay, shina kullki yaykushkata ashtawan allita rakinkapak(ancha unkuykunata hampinapi, kallari yachachinakunapi, wasichina llankaykunapipash), hucha kullitashuktakyachina, ashtawan charishkamanta huchankapak; katuna-rantinapi huchay kullkikunata anchuchishpa;mañachina kullkikunata kamachiymanta llukchishpa, ashtawan allí wawa kullkikuna katuna-rantinapi tiyachun;kullki katuna-rantinapi shuklla kashpa ashtawan chanichun, shina shuk llaktaman katuykunata utkakashpawiñachinkapak; mintalay llankaykunata ashtawan mirachinkapak, katuymanta huchachik kullkikunata allimantaallimanta pishiyachinkapa, ancha kashpa10% - 20% patsakriman chayankapak; shuk llakta kullkikuna hawallayaykuchun, chariyyuk tantari kullkisapakunata ama harkana; mamallaktapak kak, charishkakunata shukkunamanllakatuna; llankay tantanakuypak kamachiyta anchuchishpa, mushuk kullkiyak tantarikunata mishanakuyyaykumuchun; kikinpak charishkakunata, pishi chanita churashpa, hayñichishpa, tukuy wakchakuna, yapawakchakunapash ushayta charichun (Achion y Williamson, 1998).

10 Kay wanku killkaka, ashtawanka, Falconí Oleas, 2004, killkashkapi alli sapiyashka kan.

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Neoliberalismo yuyaymanta llukshishpa Mushukñankunata mashkankapaka, tawka samiyachaykunawanmi rurana kanka, shinamiMamallakta maykan ñantapash katikushkatayachankapa.

Kay puchukay chusku chunka watakunapika,Ecuador llaktapak kullkimanta, runakunapakkullkimanta llaktaypashmi kan, Mamallaktapimushuk, wiñariypak mutsurikta mashkana,tukuykunapak kawsayta, imallata ruranapak shukñan katinallata rikuchina, Mamallaktapitukuykunapura ushashpa alli kawsaymanchayankapa katik pankakunapika chayyuyaykunatami killkanchik.

4.1.4. Yankalla wiñariy, masmaytakichkichina, Ecuador llaktapidolar kullkimantapash11

Kay puchukay chusku chunka watakunapika,Ecuador llaktaka kikin Mamallaktapillayuyashpa, wiñariy ñantami kullkichariyaymantaka katishka, shinami shuktaksamillankayman chimpashka, chaypi Mamallaktatantarinata anchuchishka, shinallatak kamayta,ruray yuyayta, tikra rakina ushaytakaanchuchishkami, mintalayman yallishpa,kishpiyriman chayankapa yuyashpamishinashkakuna.

Mamallakta kamay ushaywan, mintalayllankaywan apanakuymanta shuktayachimillankaytapash mushukyarirka, shinallatakrurakkunapash, tantarishka kawsakkunapashshuktayarishka, paykunami chay ruraykunawankaallikayta, mana allikaytapash chaskishkakuna.Shina kashpapash, ñawpa shinallatak llankay,ruray, wankuriy kawsay ushaypash katinrakmi(Offe, 1988), chaykunami ñawpa achkatacharikkuna, ushayukkunapash kunankaman,paykunapak munashkakakuna,mutsurishkakunatapash hatun kawsay ruraypikachurankuna.

a. Ecuador llaktapi yankallawiñariypak saywakuna

Ñawpa patsak watapak washa, sukta chunkawatapimi, kallari kutin Ecuador llaktapak wiñaykawsaypika, shuksami kullki chariyay shukllapitantari karka; achka allpa charikkunallacharishkata, kapukkunata shuktak karullaktakunaman katuytapash shuktak

yacharishkapash karka, paykunami XIX patsakwatamanta llapishpa kawsashkakuna. Mushukchariyay pachaka, Ecuador llaktapi yankallawiñariy llankaymi wiñarirka, ruray yuyaytachurashpa Mamallaktapak kullki chariyaywanyaykurirka. Achka chariyukkunatawashayachishpa sakinkapa yuyaymi karka, achkaallpata punasuyupii charikkunapak ushaytashuktakchinkapa, allpa raki kamachiywanKuntisuyumanta, karullaktakunamankatukkunapa ushayta pishiyachinatami yuyarka,hatun kapukkamaykunata rurashpa, shinamimushuk charikkunaka wiñarishka.

Shukpi katirishkalla kawsaymantakishpiyrinkapami hillaykamay ruraykunata istallaktakunawan katuna–rantinapi chullayashkakawsaytapash kapukka may wasikunata rurashpa,alliyachishun yuyashkakuna. Karullaktakunamanta kapukkunata apamunataanchunchinkapa, kikin hatun hillay kapukkamaywasita shayachishpa,llankachik kullkiyukknawan,wackcha llankakkunawan, llaktayyuyakkunawanpassh pakta yuyaman chayashpa,hatun yuyayta rurashkakuna: “…kallari shunikillankayñantakunata Mamallaktakashkamanta”(Mancero, 1999: 327).

Kay shuktakyarikunaka yachak runakuna,amawtakuna kallarishkami karka; paykunami kaymushukyarikunataka ñawpaman tankarkakuna.Mamallaktapak mañaymashkayta, hatun paktayyuyay ruraykunatapsh ashtawan sinchiyachinatayuyarkakuna.

Shina kashpapash yankalla mushukyachikllaktaykunapash mana alli rakinata charirkachu,ashtawanpash runakunata kunkashpachinkachinkapakmi kallarirkakuna, shina. suktachunka chawpi watakunapimi achkachariyukkuna yuyashka shinami wiñariynakatantrishpa, Mamallaktapak yanapaywan kullkiyuyay llikaka ashtawan wiñashpa sinchiyarirka.

Shinapash, chay Mamallaktapi kullkicharinamanta, runakuna kawsaymantapash,mushukyarinata kallarichik yuyaykunaka,llaktaykunawan mana paktachu karka. Achkachariyukkunapak llaktaykunata, Mamallaktataashata pishiyachishpapash, tukuy llaktayukkunallaktaykunapi kimirinataka pishiyachirkami.Rurachik, uktachik ushay llapirina llankaytachurashkamanta, chariyukkunaka ñawpaman

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11 Kay chuskuniki wanku killka raki, ashtawanka, Andrade P., 2005; Ramírez F. y Ramírez J.; 2005; y Falconí y Oleas(2004) llankaykunamanta yachayta hapishka.


charishka ushaykunata mana chinkachirka,ashtawanpash llaktata mushukyachi pachapikapaykunallatakmi kullkiyuk tukuna yuyaykunatachurarkakuna.

Ecuador llaktaka mana Argentina, Brasil MéxicoMamallaktakuna shina rurarkachu, ashtawanpashkarullaktakunamanta kapukkunata apamunapa,kay llaktapika kapukkamayta mana allitasinchiyarirkachu. Mamallaktallatak kullkichariyaypi, tiyashkakunata rakinapipashyaykurirkami. Ashtawankarin Ecuador llaktapikayankalla wiñariy yuyaykunami sinchiyashpakatirka, chakrapi pukushkakunata karullaktakunaman katuna llaktaywanmi katirka.(kallaripi tarpuy kapukuna i, katipikachukikunapi).

1925 watamanta Mamallaktapak kullkitapatachina ushayta charishpapash, chariyukkunapikatirishka kawsaymantaka manatak rakinatausharkachu; shinami kaypillata kullkiwiñachinamanta, chakra llankayñankunatachurashpapash, mana ñawpa achkatacharikyukkunamanta kishpirinata usharkachu.Mamallaktaka achka allpa chariyukkunawanapanakushka kashkamantami llaktatamushukyachinataka mana usharka. Kay shinapaykunapuralla apanakushpa llankay kawsaypika,ashatallata charikkunawan, katirishpalla pishillacharikkunawanpash yuyarishpa, tukuy wakcharunakunata, ashtawankarin karu llaktapikawsakkunatapash kunkarishpami, kanchischunka watakunapika kunkarkakuna.

1973- 1979 watakunapika awka runakunaMamallakpak Kamachikkuna kashpamiashtawanka kapukkamayta sinchiyachirka,chaypakka kay Mamallaktamanta charikrunakuna, ista llaktakunapi charikrunakunawanmi tantarinakurka. Shinamikatirishpalla llankak runakuna tantarichuntaharkarkakuna; paykunami ima mañaytapashwakllichirkakuna, ranti shuktakMamallaktakunapika ashtawanpashllankakkunapak tantarikunami kapukkamaytasinchiyachinata usharkakuna. ShinamiMamallakta ukupi kullkiyayka wiñarirka,kapukkamayukkunapash, kullki chariyukkunapakkatirikkuna tukurka. (Conaghan, 1984). Ecuadorllaktapika achka runakuna paykunapakmunaykunata, mutsuykunata katuyrantillaktayman yaykurinataka harkarkakuna.

b. “Kullkiyankapak kikin llakta Yuyay”Ecuador llaktata ishkay mitapimi rakinchik:shuknikika hawallami kan, chayka 1984watamanta kallarishpa patsakmanta washaman,

iskun chunka watakamanmi kan; ishkaynikipika,2005 watapi Gutierrez Pushak urmashka katipitiyarirka. Kallaripika, Mamallakta kamanamanyaykushpami achka kullkita charik tukurkakuna,kullki shuktakyachipak kishpiyrina kamachiytarurashpa, wawa kullkikunatapash hapishpa,ashtawankarin llankay kamaykunata usharka,kullki llikakunata ashata wakllichiskamantamishina karka.

Sinchi kak pachaka, charikkunapura sinchimakanakuymi tiyarka, Mamallaktatashuktakyachina yuyaywan karka; ashtawanka,runakuna hatun hatarikunata rurashpamakanakushkamanta neoliberal llaktayta amachurachun nishpa, Mamallaktapakkapukkamaymanta tukuykuna allikachun nishpaharkarkakuna. Shinallatak, allpapi tiyakushaytapash ama charikkunallaman hatuchunnishpa harkarkakuna. Kay tukuy llakikuna unaypachata tiyashkamantami Mamallaktapikallaktaypash, kawsaypash wakllirirka. Shinamillaktayukkunapash rakirirkakuna, chaymantamirunakunapash manatak tantalla yuyaritausharkakuna. Mamallaktapi kawsak tukuyrunapak kawsayta alliyachinkapa nishpa, kullkicharinata sinchiyachinata mana usharkanchik.

c. Shuktakyaypak hawalla muyuy1984 watapika Mamallaktata kamayushaymanka, tantarishka kapukkamayukkunachayarkakuna; paykunaka karu llaktakunawankatuna-rantina llaktayta, ashtawanmirchirkakuna charirayayta, kullki chariyuktukuytapashmi churarkakuna. Hatunkapukkamayta wiñachinkapa rantika, kanchischunka watakunapika, Mamallaktapicharishkakunata katunatallami yuyarkakuna;shinallatak kullki charirayay llaktaytasinchiyachinataka, Mamallakta rurayyuyaytapash anchuchirkakuna.

Ashtawanka, shina ñanta katishpapashMamallaktapak ushaytaka mana wakllichinatausharkakunachu, Mamallaktapak kamaytakaakllashpallami pishiyachirkakuna. Shinakashpapash kapukayta, karu llaktakunamankatuytapashmi ashtawan kullkita kushpasinchiyachirkakuna. Chariyukkunata kullkitahapikushpapash paykunatallatak yanapashpamikutintak kullkita mañarkakuna, karullaktakunamanta apamushka kapukkamaytaMamallaktaman yaykuchinkapa yuyarka.Shinallatak katuna-rantinapakpashchanimarukunata rikurayarka, kullkikunatachimpachinatapash rikurayarka. Mamallaktakakaru llaktakunamanta mañashpa apamushkallakullkiwan, Ecuador llaktapak Banco Central

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wasipash mañachishka kullkiwanpashmillankarka. Shina, llankaykunaka achkatamillakichirka, chanikunapash ashtawanmiwichiyarka, chay chunka wata tukuripika 100%chanimi wichayarka (CORDES, 1999).

Katuna-rantina kishpiyrika akllashkakapukamaypakmi karka, shinami charikkunapaykuna hatun ushay charishkatarikuchirkakuna; paykunami charikunamantallaktaykunatapash rurarka. Shinami charikkunaMamallaktapi imashina “estatización delneolibealismo” rurarishkata rikurichirkakuna(Montúfar, 2000).

Kay yuyayta Mamallaktapak kamachikkunamichurasha nishkaka, shina paylla yuyashkamikarka; kayka mana Mamallaktapak yuyaychukarka, chaymantami, kayshuk Mamallaktapakushaykunawan tukuypacha makanakuy tiyarka.Piñakkunawan chimpapurashpa, makanakushpaawka runakunata kacharishpa, runakunatamakashpa manchachirka; shinami tukuy pachapirunapak hayñikunata yallita wakllichirkakuna.

1988 watapika socialdemocracia tantarimirunakuna apuchishpami mishachirka, chaymishaywanka ñawpa kamachikkuna kamaykamana alli kashkatami rikuchirka. Mamallaktapakkamachikkunaka kimirina ushayta wakllichishkakakpimi sinchiyachinata yuyarirkakuna,kullkirayku llankak tantari runakunawan,kimirishpa Plan Nacional de Alfabetizaciónchuraywan, ista llaktakunawan llankayñankunatachurashpa, mushukyarina yuyayta, asha ashapaktachirkakuna.

Chay pacha pushakka allimanta charikunamantapaktachina llankayñanpi atirirka. Chaypaktayñan yuyaywanmi kullkipak chanita ashaasha pishiyachirka; shinallatahatun chanipishiyachinakunata, wawa kullkimirachinapipash, wakinkunamanlla kurkakuna;kullki mañachiytapash anchuchirkami, rawrapakchanitapash killanta killanta wichayachirka;kullkita kushpa yanapaytapash chinkachirkami,kullkirayku llankakkunamanpash ashallakullkitami mirachirkakuna (Báez, 1995).Kamachiykunapika, tawkakunapimi mushukyuyaykunata churarka: huchaykullkpi, katuy-ranti huchachipi, maquila llankaypi,

llankakkunapak kamachikunata anchuchirka;chaykunawanmi neoliberal kawsay yuyaytakaashtawan sinchiyachirkakuna.

Shina rurashpapash, kamachikkunaka kullkicharinamantaka ashalla paktaykunatami hapirka.Ñawpa pushakkuna mana alli katunarantichinata rurashkamantami, kullkitupuwakllirishkata hapirka. Shinallatak, kullkikamayruraykunatapash, kutin kutin, wakllichikllaktaykunata churashkamanta Mamallaktapakushayta pishiyachirka. Shina kashpapamillaktayukkunapak chunka wata paktakukmantamañashkakunata mana paktachi tukurka. 1988,1992 watakunapipash patsakmantaka, pichkachunkami 50% kapuchanikunapash wichiyarka,shinallatak 1992 watakunapka, patsakmantaka60% yallitami wichiyarka (Barrera, 2001).

1982 watamanta, 1990 watakamancharinakunapi allikayta charinapika, kichkirillankayñankunapika “achka llaki ñantami”charishka, shinami mana kullki chariyaymanpaktanata usharkakuna; manatak ñawpawatakuna shina shuktakyachinata usharkachu;chay mushukyarina yuyaykuna allí kakpipash,ñapash, shuktak shuktak mañaykunawan, manakashpaka ista mamallaktakunawan piñarishpa,pachamama llakichishkakunawanpash,mushukyarinaka, mana usharkachu. Ranti wakin,kullki chariyukkuna paykunapak mushukyayyuyayta kallarikukpi, kutin llaktay tantarikuna,shuk chariyuk tantarikuna, asha llankakkunapaktantarikunapash, piñanakuy, makanakuywanmana ushachirkach. (Thoumi y Grindle, 1992).

Chariyukkuna 1992 watamanta 1995 watakamanpaykunaman mutsurikunapi mushukyarinakatikillakunapika, kay llankaykunatamichurarkakuna: ama kullki chani wicharichun,Mamallakta ama kullki illak sakirichun, Sucrekullki ama yapa kuyurichun12, ista llaktakunamantallankay kullita kaypi churachun; shinallatamamallakta kashkata pishiyachinkapakpashmunarkakuna. Chay ruraykunaka FMI hatunwasimanta kullkita mañankapakmi, shinallatapaykunapak yuyay nishkapi ari ninkapakmikashkarka.

Kay pachapimi Mamallaktataka OPEPtantarimanta llukshirkakuna, karu

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12 Kullkipura katuna-rantinapi, ñukanchik kullki yapa urayashpa, shuklla chanita charina karka, shina kapuchanikunata mirachishpa, kullki kamayta paktachinkapak. Shinami shuk dolar kullkimanta 2000 sucres kullkitaaparka, México Mamallaktapi rurashkashina. Argentina Mamallaktapipash (2001) ishkay chani kullkikunamanta,shinallatakmi karka, katuy-rantiykunaman yanaparka.


Mamallaktakunaman katukkunapak kullkitakishpiyrina kamachiyta churarkakuna,Mamallaktapak charishkakunata,llankaywasikunatapashmi, charikkunapurakatushpa-rantishpa chinkachirkakuna. ShinamiMamallaktataka, neoliberal mushuk yuyaymanyaykuchirkakuna. Chashnami, mana kullkitamirachinkapak, tukuy llakta runakunamanrakinkapak kashkatapash rikuchirka.Mamallaktapak katikilla ruraykunapika,Kullkikunata, kapukunata rakinataka nimamantamana yuyarkakunachu; ashalla llaktayukkunamanallí kawsay paktashkaka, kullki chanikuna manakuyurishkamantami charirkakuna.

1994 watapimi kullkikunata wakaychikwasikunapak Ley General de Instituciones delSistema Financiero kamachiyta wiñachirkakuna,shinami hatun kullki wasikunapak llankaytaastawan paskarkakuna. Kullki wakaychikwasikunata Superintendencia de Bancosrikuktapash anchuchirkakunai, paykunapaktantanakuywan yuyay munayta rurachunkuna,shinami kullki wakaychik wasikunapuratantanakuyta rurarkakuna, shinallatak “gruposfinancieros· tantanakuyta sinchiyachirkakuna.Shinami katik watakunapika, chay“desgulacionistas” kamachikunaka, mamallarunakunataka sinchitami llakicirka.

Shina kashpapash, Congreso Nacionaltantanakuypi sinchi llaktay tantarikunawanapanakushka kashpapash, paykuna yuyayta,kamachikkunata ruranapipash, manataksinchiyachinata usharkachu; shinashpaka SocialCristiano tantariwan llankashkamantamiallimanta allimanta, tukuy llaktaypi llankaytakawakllichirka. Tukuylaya tantanakuykuna atikuypikaparishkapash allimi karka. Llankakkunapaktantarikuna irkiyarishka kakpimi, runaayllukunapak tantanakuy, ashtawanpash paktayyuyaykuna sinchiyarka. Ashtawan hatunmañaykunaka kaykunami karka: ayllurunakunapak kawsaykamay, tukuy runakunapakkawsay kamay, tukuy ayllullakata runakunapakallpa raki allichirichun, Mamallaktapak kashkatacharikkunata ama katuchun; shinallata: yanunasamaypak, kuyuchik yakupak, achikpakchanikunapash ama wichayyarichunmikaparirkakuna.

Chariyay llaktaykunapak paktayka 1994watapika kaykunami rikurirka, wichayak

chanikunaka 25.4% patsakkrimanurayashkarka,paktashkamanta yapa puchuyariyk kullkipash,1.2 iñu PIB wiñarirka. Karu Mamallaktakunapakrikuypi Ecuador llaktaka sinchiyarrka, kullkiwakaychishkapash 1.700 hunu dolaresta yallirka,shina charikyaypak kullkipash wiñarirka (Araujo,1999). Chay shinakak pachapimi, mushukyaykamachikkunaka ñawpamanta yuyashkapichayarkakuna.. Katuna-rantina chanikunaman,Mamallaktapak llankaypak kullki pishiyarichun,punkara surkuypi, karu llaktakunapakkullkikunawan llankachunpash, kuyuchikyakukunapi shuk shuk chanikunata, kiwiriykamachikunatapash churarkakuna. Alilla kullkicharikaypipash, tukuykunaman rakina kullkikapishiyarishpa rirka.. Chay pachapika, chunkallankay kapuk ruraykunata, charik runakunaman168 hunu dolar kullkikunapi katurka (Nazm, 2001).

Llakyay tantarikunawan mana alli sinchitayuyarinakushkamantami kay munaykunatakamana paktayta usharka. Ashtawankarin uchillatantarikunawan makanakuymi mirarirka.Mamallaktapika shina makanakuyka, manallaktayukkunamanta, llaktaytantarikunamantachu shamurka. Ashtawankahatun charikkunami, Mamallaktata imashinamushukyachinata kichunakurkakuna, shinasinchi makanakuymi13 tiyarka.

1995 wata puchukaypimi, kamachikkunakaakllayman kayarka. “Ashtawan hatunmakanakuyka runakunapak kawsaykamaymanta,tukuylla llankay kamachiykunamantakacharishka karka” (Ibarra, 1996:19). Shukpatsakmantaka 58% patsakrimi mana arinirka,shinami chariyukkunaka mana mishaytausharkakunachu. Kay llakipi urmashka kipa,kullki apaypi pushakta huchachirkakuna; paykaCongreso Nacional huchachikpi,mamallaktamanta mitikushpa chinkarirkami.Shinami neoconservador hatun chariyukkunapakyuyashka, munashkakunaka mana paktarka.

Kay kullki tiyaypi allikayta katikukpi, shuksinchi wañuy llakichikkunami tiyarka:Petroecuador llankak wasimi kullki illaksakirirka. Ministerio de Finanzas kamachikmi1995 watapika tawka kutin Petroecuador wasipakkullkita manuchishpa hapishkarkakuna;chaymantami chay watapika 70 hunu kullkikunaillak sakirirka. shina kullki illaypi llakikayta,Petroecuador pushaktapash shukta shukta

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13 Tukuypak kakta karu rimay llankaykuna, achiktapash, Mamallakta Consejo Nacional de Modernización (CONAM)kamachiypika tukuytami shukkunamanlla katuna nirka; shinapash, mana paktanata usharkachu, tawka chariyukpuramakanakuymanta.

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churashkamanta, llankaywasika yapairkiyarishpa, manarak wiñarin. Chaypika istakllankaywasikunami ñawpapi shayrirkakuna.Shinami, neoliberal pachapika, Mamallaktapakmutsuykunata, washaman sakishpa, ashtawankakikin llaktakunapi, istak llankay wasikunapi,paykunapak mutsuykunapipash, kullkitachurakkuna kashka, Mamallaktapakmutswykunapi churanapak rantika.

d. Kullkipilla yuyay llashakpacha: kullkillakimanta, shulaya yuyaykaman

1997 watamanta, 2000 watakamanka, pichkaMamallakta pushakkunami yallirka; ishkayPushakkunami urmarka, shina ama kullkiraykuismushkamanta Congreso Nacionalwanachichun, istak Mamallaktakunamanmitikushpa kallparkakuna. Llaktaymantalalkikay, kullkimanta llakikay, wakcha runakunahatarikunamanta, hatun kullkisapacharikkunapura piñanakuymantapash, ashtawankawsaypi hatun llakikunaman aparkakuna.Chayta alliyachinkapaka, kullki llaktaytapishiyachirka, tukuy katuna-rantinapi dolarkullkita churashpami alliyachinata yuyarkakuna,shinapash mana allichirkachu.

Llakta llullak Bucaram kamachikkuna, (1996-1997) watakunapipash hatun charikkunapakllaktaymantaka mana karuyarkakunachu. Paypakhatun llaktay ruray yuyayka, kullki charimantallankayta ashtawan alliyachinatami munarka,chaypak Mamallaktapi,hatun yuyaykaArgentina14 Mamallaktapi shina, ima hatunruraypipash ishkaysami kullkiwan llankanallikatami churanata munarka. Shinallatakallichinata yuyashpa tawka tupuykunatamichurarka, shina: Mamallaktapak llankaypak kunakullkikunata kichunata, chanikunatapashwichiyachinata yuyarkakuna, shinallatakcharikkunaman Mamallaktapak tiyashkakunatakatunkapak, punkara llankay kamayta, kawsaykamaytapash mushukyachinkapak yuyarkakuna.

Shina rurana yuyaykunawan ruray kamaykunata,shuktak Mamallakunatapak llankay

wasikunatapash, ashata kasikachipash ishkaytantaripura makanakukuktami kutin hapirka.Shuknikipika, hatun chariyukkunawan,kamachikkunawan, mushuk charikmintalakkunawan apanakurka, Guayaquilmantahatun charikkunapak kunkashka, shitshkakauna.Kutin shuktak makanakuyka, runakunapaktantarikunawan, wakcha runakunakunatantarikunawanpash; ashkata sinchiyashka karka,paykunami kamachikkunata mana alli kachishpa,piñanakuypi kallarirkakuna.

Shinami, kamachikta pushakkunaka llakitautkashpa wakllirishpa katirkakuna. Kayshukllaktak tantarikunawanpash yapa piñay yuyaymirimarka. Social Cristiano tantarikunawantantarishka ruray kamaykunapak kullkikunatapashpishiyachirka. Shinallatak Mamallak patapillankakkunapak anchawaklliyta, mana allillankaytapash, mana chinkachinata usharkachu.Chay tukuy mana alli llankaykunami, suktakillapika ashtawan llakikunata mirachirka;wakcha runakunapash hatun makanakuytakallarichirkakuna, shinami 1997 watapi, panchikillapi pushak Bucaranka urmarka.

Shina Mamallaktapak katik irki Pushakmanta,democrata-cristiano llaktay tantarimantaMamallaktata pushankapa yaykurka, kaypachapash achka wakcha runakunamanta,llaktaymanta, kullki charinamantallakikunapashmi tiyarka. El fenómeno de ElNiño llaki, kullki wakaychik wasikunatarikukkuna mana alli rikurayaskmanta llaki, kullkicharinaman paskashka kamachikuna, mana allikamashkamanta llaki, kullkirayku ismuytukushkamantapash, llakikunami, haykapashmana rikushka hatun llakikunapi urmarka.Hatun llaktay tantarikuna mañaykunamantami1998 watapika, kamachikkuna hatun kullkiwakaychik wasikunapi15, manchanayay kullkitamichaykunapika churayman kamachirka.

1999 watamantami kullki charina pachapikaiskay ashtawan hatun llakikuna rirkurirka, shinakullki tiyashkapi pakirinalla, mamallaktapak

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14 Imashina kullkillankay kamachiy “ishkantin kullkikunata shukllapi tinkichina, shuktayachina kamachikunatarurarka, Reserva Monetaria Intenacional, achka kullki charishpa, chinpapurachishpa katuypi churarka (shukwanshukwan) mamallaktapak kullkiwan Estados Unidos kullkiwan; chashna, mamallaktapika ishkalaya kullkimi tiyanakan” (Romero, 1999).

15 Shina kakpimi, Kamachiy Tantanakuypi, PSC tantanakuy -Mahuad pushakwan tantanakushpa- AGD wasipakkapukuna, tantari llankay wasikunapash, Kullkikamayukkunawan tantarishkataka, ama chaykunata kichuchunnishpa, kamachiyta pakirkakuna, shinallata paktakay kamachiykkunapak ushay rurayta anchuchirkakakuna, amakullkikamayukkunata huchachichun nishpa (Revista Vistazo No. 779, febrero de 2000).


kullkipash irkiyashka. Mamallaktapakpushakkunaka, mamallaktapak kullkikunatamikullki wakaychina wasikuna llakipi kakpi16, yapakulkita churashkakuna. Shinachishpapash,llakipi urmaymantaka mana kishpichirkachu;ashtawankarin, tukuy Ecuador llaktapakrunakunata huchachishpa, huchakullkipi, kapuchanikunata wichayachishpa, Sucre kullkitapashchinkachishpami tukuy runakunatallakichirkakuna.

Pawkar killapi, 1999 watapimi ashtawan hatunllakikunaka rikurirka: kullki kamakwasikuna amallankachun, ama ima kullkita kuchun nishpa,kamachirkakuna, chaypimi achka runakuna,kullki wakaychishkata chinkarkakuna. KutinBanco Central wasika, ashtawan kullita rurashpa,chay llakikunata harkayta munarka. Shinami,mamallaktapak kullki wakaychik wasika, kullkiwasita chariyukkunata kishpichinkapakllami karka.

Shina Mamallaktapak pushakkunaka, rurayllankaykuna pishiyaypi, ima llankaypipashkullkita mana churayta ushaypi, llankaywasikuna pishiyarikpi, runakunaman llankaypishiyaripash, ashalla llakimi17 nishpayuyarkakuna. Kutinllatami kullkiyuk wasikunataashtawan ñawpakpi churarka, llankaykunawiñarihunpak rantipika. Chashnami chariyuktantanakuykunaka kullki wasikunamantantarishpaka, mamallaktapak katikilla llankaypi,paykunapak yuyata churarkakuna. 20 watakunallankashpapash, Mamallaktapak llankaywasikunaka, manarak sinchiyarinatausharkakuna, shinami hatun chariyukkunataka,pushay llaktaypipash, mana harkakanatausharkakunachu.

2000 wataka chariyaymanta, kullkimanta,manatak allichinata usharkakuna; pushakpashmana munashka karka. Ashtawankarin pushakllaktaypak18 ruraypika, dolarización hatun

yuyaymi, kullki allichina rantipika rikurirka,Wichayari Chanikunaka 100% patsakrikamanchayarka, kullkipura rantinakuytapash pushakmi25.000 sucres dolar chanichun churarka,“dolarizacionpi” yaykunkapak. KipallapikaMamallaktaka 59%patsakri kullkitamillankaykamay tukurka, 60% patsakrimanushkakunata hapinkapak, shinallatak 70%patskrimanta yalli tukuy tiyashka kullkillikakunamanta19.

Shinami kashkata mana kanchu nishpa achikllakarka. Shukmantaka, wakcha runakunapak,kullkita anchuchirka, Mamallakta kulki illaktamirachinkapak, shukmantaka kati katichariyukkunaman kullki yanapay tiyarka;shinami hatun millayllaki rikurirka,Mamallaktapak kullki ashtawan pishiyashpamana paktarkachu; shuklaya nishpaka,kullkiyukkunapak yuyaymantaka tikra yuyay.Chaymanta Mamallaktapi chariyukkunapakruraymunaykunami, paykunapak nishkallatapakishkakuna; chaymi paktak kullkimanta illaktiyashka, Mamallaktapak kullkitapasmanushkakuna, hapishkakuna, chayraykumi,kullki allikayman chayankapak kutin kutinkamachikunata churarka (Izurieta, 2000, enRamírez R., 2002).

Kay shina yuyaypimi, runakunapura chullayaykaMamallaktapi ashtawan sinchiyashka. Kullkillankayñankunamanta, kullki tiyaypi allikaymankachaykunakawanka, runa allikaymanllankayñankunapi, yanka karaykullkita,yanapaytapash, tukuy tiyashkakunatarakinkapakka mana allí kan. Shina mana paktapaktakayka, runakuna mutsuriman pishitiyaykunata churashkamanta, pichka wata yallipirunakunapak ashalla kullkita mirachirka,Mamallakta llankayta kushpa, runakunapakmutsurikunata alliyachinkapakpash ashallakullkita kushka, ashtawan chullayayka rikurirka;

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16 Shinallatakmi, 1996 watamantapacha tukuylaya Mamallaktata kamakkuna pushakuna apashka, imashina, achkawaranka hunu sucre kullkita Banco Continental kullkiyukkunata kishpiychinkapak kurkakuna; chaykullkisapakunaka Miami llaktaman kallparkakuna (Ecuador Debate No. 47, agosto de 1999).

17 1999 watapi 2500 tantari llankaykuna (uchilla, malta, hatun llankak palantayukkuna, lluchunkayukkuna,challwayukkunapash) tukuymi wichkarirka, kaytaka Super Intendencia de Compañias llankay wasimi willarka.Shinallata, llankay wasikuna wichikarikpi, llankay kullki illak sakirirkakuna, chayka, Pawkar 1998 watapika 9.2%patsakrimanta, sitwa killa, 1999 watapika 17% patsakriman, llankay illayka mirarirka (Romero, 1999).

18 Kay Mama llakta kullki dolar kullkiman tikrarinapak asha puncha illakpimi, mama llaktata Pushakka nirkami: “kaykawayraman urmaymi” nishpa. Shinapash, Banco Central del Ecuador llankakkuna amatak shina ruraychik nikukpita,Mamallakta pushakka wayrapimi urmarka. Kaytaka, asha pachapillata, mushuk kati pushakpash allikachirkami.Acosta A. (2000) watapi, ña dolar tiyarikukpi, Pushak wasipika pantanakuy yuyaykunami tiyarka: “Mahuadpushakpak, kullkikamak pushakpash kay dolarizaciontaka mana ima rurayta ushashpami shinachirkanchik nirka,payta Sao Paulo Folha (17.1.2000), willak tapuypimi shina nirka (…)”.

19 Acosta A. 2000: 14; Ecuador llaktapak Banco Central del Ecuador, 2002:43.

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shinallatak ima alliyay llaktaykunaka manatakrikurirkachu. Chaymantami kay “mushuk”runakunata alliyachinkapak llankayñankunapika,wakcha runakunapak paktashkata, tukuykunapakima alli paktashkapash mana rikurirkachu (Vos,et, al, 2002, y Ramírez R., 2002).

Kay dolar kullkita Mamallaktapak kullki nishpachurashkamantami llankay wasikunayuk, kullkillikakunayuk, tukuy chariyukkunami pushakpak20

yuyaypi katirirkakuna. Kashna kakpipash,Runakunapak Tantanakuyka ñapash hatunkuyurikunata rurarka, awka pushak runakunawantantarishpa. Kulla killa 21 punchapi 2000watapimi runa ayllukunaka, auka runakunawanQuito llaktapi, Congreso Nacional ukupitantarishpa wakchakaymanta kaparirkakuna.Tutapika, mamallakta pushakka ñami urmarka,chariyuk runakuna mana yanapashkamanta,Awkakunapash yanapayta kichushkamantamiashtawankarin urmarka.

Mushuk Kamachikka, Congreso Nacionalukupika, mana yanapaytaka charirkachu,shinallatak runakunapak tantarikunapashkutinmi hatarikuyta kallarirkakuna, shinakakpimi utkashpa kullkichariyayta allichinatamashkarka; dolar kullkiwan katishpa, karullaktakunamanta kullkikunata apamushpapunkara llukchinapi churachirka. Ranti wakcharunakunata yanapankapaka mana imakatiruraykunata charirkachu. Shina irkiyashkallaktaykuna kakpimi mana llankaywasikunatakatuchun sakirka, chaymantami chayyuyaykunaka shitashka sakirirka, shuk mushukpushak yaykunkakaman.

Dolar kullkita Mamallaktapi churashkamantaka,wakin allikuna shamukmi rikurika, chaykapunkara chanikuna wichayashkamanta, shuktak

Mamallaktakunamanta rik runakunapakllankaykunamanta shamuk kullkikuna, chaykullkikunaka, Mamallaktapak punkarakatushkamanta, shuktak kapukunatapashkatushka kullkikunapak katipimi kachamushkakullkika kan; 2001 watapimi chawa llashakpunkarata apankapak mushuk tutuka rurarirka(Oleoducto de Crudos Pesados), chay ruraypakkullkimi, ñukanchik Ecuador Mamallaktapakkaashtawan kanchis chunka watamanta achkakullki yaykurka (Larrea, 2002).

Dolar kullki Mamallaktaman yaykuy pachapi,chanikuna hawa yapa chullayashkakashkamanta, wankurishka ashtawanchariyukkuna, shina shuk charikkunapahpaykuna pukuchishkakunapak chanikunata yapawichiyachishkamanta, llaktayukkunatayanapaypi yanka karay kullkikunatapishiyachishpami, rantina-katuykunapichanikunaka sinchitami wichayarishkarka. Chaywichayarishka chanika, dolarwan kipakillakunapi istak llaktakunapi katuna-rantinallanakaypi mishashkataka, ñatak wañuchishpa,kutin istak llaktakunata mana mishaytaushashpa, sinchi llakipimi urmarka.

Cay llakta kapukunata katuna-rantinamishanakuy ushaypika katin katinkichuchishkami, “talón de Aquiles” shina dolarkullkiyashkaka ashtawan llaki rikurirka. Katuna-rantipi kayman chayman tukushpami: 2000watapi 1.458 hunu dolar kullki yapakashkamanta, 2002 watapika 969 hunu kullkimiillak karka, ranti 2003 watapika 31 hunukullkimi illak karka. Kipa watakunapi, katuna-rantina paktakaypika, punkara chanikunawichayashkamantami 2004 watamanta kutinwichiyashpa, 2006 watapika, kutin 1.448 hunudolar kullkikaman chayarka.

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20 Dolar tukuna kakta willashka ishkay punllapi, Mahuad pushakpak ñawi alliyarkami. Apunchikpi PSC, PRE, DP,llaktay tantanakuypak chiktakunapash Kamachiy yuyayta yanapakpi kikin ushayka allimi sakirinka yuyarkakuna.Kaytaka hatun llankak wasin, uchilla sumak rurak tantanakuykunapash allimi chaskirkakuna(Revista Gestión No. 67,Revista Vistazo No. 667).


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4.2. shuyu: 2000 – 2006 watakunapi mintalay warkuy shuktakyay

Sapi: Banco Central del Ecuador.


Shinapash, mana punkara mintalay warkuypi,dolarización shukniki watamanta illashkakullkimi rikurin. Shina kashpami, 2000 watapika728 hunu dolar kullkimi illarka, kutin 2006

watapika 3.714 hunu dolarmi illarka. Shinakashpami, dolar kullkika, karuMamallaktakunaman katuytaka manayanapashkachu.

4.3. shuyu: 1990 – 2006 watakunapi mana punkarak mintalay warkuy shuktakyay



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Kikin kullkita ruranataka manausharkanchinchu, chaymanta kapukunatakatuypillami, kullki charinata usharkanchik.Shuk llaktakunaman katuy-rantiy paskashkakakpika, dolar kullkika mishanakunkapakkamana yanapanchu, mana shuk llaktakunashinakikin kullkita charishpa, chanikunataurayachishpa, mishanakuyta paktankuna. Shinapushashkamantami kikin Mamallaktapakwawakullkikunapash, mana istaMamallaktakunapak wawakullkikunawanpaktayta usharkachu, shinallatak shuktakMamallaktakunapak kullkita katuy-rantipipash,mana yaykuchirkakunachu.

Ashtawanpash, kati muyuy wacharishkallaktaypachapi, ishkay llakikunami rikurirka.Shuknikipika: 2002 watapi intiraymi killapi,Mamallaktapak kullki kamayta: Ley Orgánica deResponsabilidad, Establidad y TransparenciaFiscal (LOREYTF) kullki kamachiy rikurirka,Kay kamachiwanmi kamanamanta llaki tiyarka.Kay kamachiywanka ashtawanka karuMamallaktakunamanta kulkita mañankapa,manunkapa, kutin tikra manuta rantinkapakmiashtawanka karka; Shina kashkamantami,watapika 3.5% patsakritalla churashpa,runakunapak allí kawsaytaka harkarkakuna.Ñawpashpa kullkikunata kushkamantami, shukalli llaktaywan llankanata harkarkakuna. Chaydolar kullkiyashka llaktayka kullki wakaychinawasikunata kishpiychi llaktaytami yanaparka,shinami manatak kishpiyri llankayta sakirka,LOREYTF kamachiyka Ministro de Finanzaskullki kamachikka shuk yanka mamallaktamankullkita kuk shinalla sakirirka.

Ishkayniki llakika hawalla rikurishpapash, ñawpashinallatak anchata llakichik karka: dolarkullkiman yallishpapash, chariyuykuna,pushakkunapash, mana rakinakunapika mushukyuyaykunata charirkachu, ñawpasamillaktaykuna shinallatakmi katirka, maypi BancoCentral kullkita ruray pachapishina. Achkakullkita mutsushkamantami Mamallaktapakllankaywasiyukkuna, chariyukkunapash ashtawanallpapi tiyakkunata yapata surkurkakuna (Falconíy Jácome 2002)21.

Dolar kullkiwanka ashtawan wiñarishunminishka yuyayka mana paktarkachu, ashtawanpashrunakunapak sinchi chullayay, kunkaripashtiyarka, imashina wakchakaypi, chullayashkapi,

llankaypa kullki chanikuna,llankaytiyashkamantapash tupuykunapi. Chayrakkallaripika, dolarización allí kashkata pishipishita rikuchirka; shinapash charikkunapakyuyaywan kullki kamayta churashkamantamillaktayukkunapak kawsayka ashtawan sinchitukurka.

Ecuador Mamallaktapak dolar kullkiwankullkiyaykamayta tupushpa rikukpika, mana alliwiñarishkachu, ashtawankarin wakllirishkamirikurin. Unaypachaman alli rikukpika, mana allíallí kashpapash, pachamamapi churashkaneoliberal yuyay kamayñanta katikukshinamiirikurin. Kay shinalaya kamayka, charikkunapurapiñanakuy, makanakuylla kawsaypika,Mamallaktaka kikin llaktayta wiñachishkashinami rikurin, “neoliberalismo criollo”tantaritaka, shinami shutichinata ushanchik.

4.1.5. Mintalay paskarimanta:¿kullki chariyaykatukuypakchu?22

2003-2005 watakunapi Sociedad PatrióticaTantari ushayman, yallikpika, runakunapakllaktay alli maki tantari, Pachakutikwanyanaparishpami ushayman chayarka. Payrurashami nishkakunataka mana paktachirkachu,ashtawanpash paypak ñawpa Kamachikshinallatak llaktaykunawan katirka, akllarinayuyaykunawan takarirka.

FMI tantanakuy killlkashka yanapaywanmi,Sociedad Patriota Tantarimanta pushakka,ñawpa kullki llankayñanwanllata katirka,Mamallakta llankaykunapak ashalla kullkitakushpami llakita allichinata yuyashka. Kuyuchikyakupak, achikpak, rimanakuypak chanikunatawichiyachirka. Shinallatak Estados UnidosMamallaktawan pakalla apanakushpa, PlanColombia ukupi mapa kiwakunata katukkunatamakashpa mishana ruraypi yanaparka. Kayshinatukuy ruraykunata churakpimi, runakunapaktantarikunaka, yanapaymanta karuyarka, ishkaytantarikuna aylluyarishpa neoliberal tantaritamishana yuyaywan Mamallaktata kamanamanyaykushka kashpapash llakita rurarka. Paypaknishkakunamanta karuyashpa, millayyuyaykunawan piñarishpa, Mamallaktapak llaktaushaykunatapash llapikushpa, ayriwa killa, 2005watapi urmarka. Kutinpashmi hatun tantarikunasinchita shayarishpami Pushaktaka urmachirka.

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21 Llashak Kuri Yana Yakuta apankapa (OCP) punkara katina tutuka, sumak yura-wiwakuna tiyashka kuskakunatalarkashpa yallin, -shinami Mindo- llaktata yallishpa pachamamata wakllichin.

22 Kayka Andrade P., 2005 killkashkapi ashtawan sapiyachishpa hapishkami kan.


Sociedad Patriótica tantaripak Mamallaktapi,tawka awka runakuna, paykunapakayllukunapashmi llankay wasikunapillankanaman yaykurkakuna, shinallatak ñawpallaktay tantarikunata pushakkunapak ayllukuna,kullkikamay wasikunawan kimirishkakuna, hatunllankaywasikunawan kimirishkakunapashmiashtawan alli llankaykunapi yaykurirkakuna.Shinami paykunapak ushayta, paykunapakmutsurikunata manatak kichuchinkapak, kaypuchukay ishkay chunka watakunapi,chariyukkunaka kulkimay wasipi, paktakaywasipi, kamachikunata rurak wasikunatapash,mana kacharinata munarkakuna.

Neoliberal yuyayka shinami nirka, kullkichariyaypash hawalla wiñarinka, chaypakkakaru Mamallaktakunaman katunata ashtwanmirachishpa kishpiyrinalla nirka; chayyuyaykunaka may sumakmi rikurirka.Charikkuna paykunapak ushayta, kullkitamirachinkapa, Mamallaktata globalizaciónllankaypi kullkiyayman yaykunapika, kimsapatakunapi rakirishka kan:

• Ecuador llaktapak chakrakunapi“llankakkuna wakchayay”, shinamiñawpashina kawsaykunakashuktakyarishka, charikkunawanchakrakunapi llankakkunawankimirnakuypi mushukyarishka. KaruMamallaktakunaman katunakunataashtawan mirachishpapash, manatakMamallaktapak chikan chikankatunakunaka mirarishkachu; shinapashmaykan katuk tantarikunallatamiyanapashka, shina lluchunkakunata,sisakunata23 katukkunatami ashtawanyanapashka. Chay alliyaykunaka,llankaykunataka mana mirachirkachu;llankak antahillaykunata churashkamanta,katushka kullkikunapash shukllapiashtawan tantarishka. Alli pukuchikallpakunaka ashalla runakunapakmakipimi kan, ranti achka runakunamiallpa illak kan. Shinallatak neoliberalyuyay, llankay kamachikunatawakllichishkamantaka, llankak runakunapaykunapak tantarikunata24 pishiyachirka.

• Ecuador llaktapak ista mamallaktakunawankullkiyarik llikaka, 1994 watamantakallarishpa 1998-2000 watakunapi achkakullkikamayuk wasikuna kullki illannishpa wichkarirkakuna, Kullkicharimanta kamachiykunata rurashpami,tukuy kullki wakaychik wasikuna imashinallankakukta, paykuna puralla yanaparishpallankakukta, Mamallakta rikurayanaushayta wakllichirkakuna.

Shina llankaywan kullkiyay wakllirikpika,ashalla wakchayashkakuna, wakchawakchakunapashmi kullki llakipiurmarkakuna; shinallata dolarizacionkashkallata charik runakunapurakawsaytapash shuktayachirkakuna. Hatunwankurishka charik runakunapakmakipilla kullkikuna kakpipash, “mushukchariyukkuna, llapik runakuna rikurirka”,paykunapak muyuntinpika shuktakkatirishpa llankakkunami rikurirka. Dolarkullkiyashkamanta may achka kullkitashuktak Mamallaktakunamantamañashkashkata tikrachina kashkamantamiashtawanka llaki kawsayta sinchiyachishka.Kay charikkunawan, Mamallaktamantarunakunawan kawsaytapashshuktakyachishkami. Shinalayaruraykunami kay mushuk chariyayllikapika, Ecuador llaktapi neoliberalyuyaywan karu Mamallaktakunamankatushpa, wiñariyna nishka yuyaykunasinchiyashka.

• Kullkikunata mañashkamanta, tukuyMamallaktapi tiyashkakunata kullkitamañachikkunaman tikrachinkapakchuraskamantami kullkiyukkunapakllakikuna rikurirka, 2000 watapi dolarkullkiyashkapash katimi achikllatarikuchin; shinapash punkarallamiMamallaktapak kullkillikatasinchiyachishka. Punkara mushukkuchakunata paskankapak, punkarataapankapak mushuk tututa ruranpakka,Ñukanchik Mamallaktawan karuMamallaktakunawan kimirihspallamirurayta ushashka. Punkarapak chanipash

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23 Kay 1990 watapika, FOB chanita, $13 598.000 kullkipimi sisata katun, 1998 watapika U.S. $161 962.000 kullkipimikatun, chunka ishkay kutinpi kullki mirarka; 1998 watapi, istaman sisa katushkaka 5% patsakri karka (Larrea, 2004;Korovkin, 2004 killkakkunaka Ecuador Banco Central kipukunata willan); kay sisa llankaykunaka 1998 watapi36.000 llankaktami mirachishka. (1990-1998) watakunapi Ecuador llaktaka, ashalla sisata katuymantaka, tukuy allpapachapi sisa katuykunapika, kimsanikipimi sakirirka (World Bank, 2004: 2004:87).

24 Shuk llaktakunaman palanta katuypash mirarirkami, llankakkunaman hawalla kuyuchinalla kamachikunatachurashkamanta, shuk ruraykunamantapash.

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wichiyashkamanta ñawpa patsakkanchischunka watapi tukushkapakrantika Mamallaktaka mushukllankaywasikunata rurankapak manakullkita kushkachu, ashtawanka kaypipukushkakunata karu llaktakunamansisakunata katunallatami yuyashka;kullkita mañashkamanta tikrachina,shuktak Mamallaktakunaman kaypipukushkakunata katunkapak kullkitakushpa yanapanatami ashtawankayuyashka. Kullkikunata mañashkamantatikrachinapika, kullkita chariyukkunamiashtawanka allichirishkakuna.

Shinami Ecuador Mamallakaka punkarataachka katushpapash, mana imapiallichirirkachu, ashtawanpashmanukunamanta kullkita kutichinkapa,tukuy llakta runakuna llankaypaka,kullkita pishiyachirkami.

Dolar kullkika charik runakunapakllankaypimi ñawpapash, kunanpashashtawan yanapashka. Tukuy ruraykunamirantinata ushak runakunapi yuyashpaimakunatapash rurashkakuna, paykunamikaru llaktakunamanta apamushkakunatarantinata ushan, kullkita charishkamantami,imakunatapash karu Mamallaktakunamantaapamushkakunataka charikkunallatakmitukuyta hapishka.

Charikkunalla tukuykunata llapishpa,llakichishpa kawsana ñanka kunanka manahawallachu kan, mana ñawpa XX patsakwatakunapi shinachu kan. Shinapash, kunanpunchakunaka ñawpapi rimashka runakunaka,kutin pakalla ushaytami charinkuna, manarikurinkunachu; shinami Mamallaktapak llankaywasikunapi, llankay paktaykunapipash,paykunapak yuyay munayta churankuna.

Charikkuna llaktayta, tantaritapash ruraypachallakikunamanta, shinallatak paykunapurallatakpiñanakuykuna tiyashkamantami shuktakmushuk runakuna tantarikuna wiñarishka.Kaykunaka tukuyruna kuyurikunawan,ashtawanka runakunapak tantarikuna, shuktaktantarikunapashmi wiñariska. Paykunami chaymana alli llaktaykunata 90 watakunapi amachurachun harkaskakuna; tantarikunatarurashpa, llaktayukkunapak kuyurikuna, tukuy

runakunami charikkunapak llaktaytantarikunataka wakllichishkakuna, shinamichimpapurashpa makanakushka, chay neoliberalpacha Ecuador llaktamanta llukshichun nishpañakarishkakuna.

4.1.6. Neoliberal kawsaytahatun tupuy

Kay puchukay 15 watakunapi, Ecuador purishkañanta rikukpika, shuksami tarpuykunallatamiashtawanka sinchiyachishka, karuMamallaktakunaman katushhpa achka kullkitahapinkapa nishpallami llankashka. Shinamiñukanchik Mamallaktapi chikan chikanmurukunata tarpushpa pukuchinatakaashtawanpash pishiyachiska, wakinpikarintukuytami chinkachishka, chaypak rantika, karuMamallaktakunamanta murukunataapamushpami, charikkunatalla ashtawanallikachishka.

Llankaykunata pishiyachishpa, allpa ukupitiyakkunata surkushpa, pachamamatawakllichishpa, katuy-rantinaman kamachiytachurashpa, Mamallaktapillatak charik runakunahuchaykullkita kushkakunata tantachinatawakllichishka, chaymi Ecuador llaktaka shuktakMamallaktakunawan paktata mishanakuytamana allita ushashka, neoliberal churashkakamaykunawanmi, Mamallaktapak rurayllankaykunatak irkiyachishka. Shinamirunakunapak hayñikunatapash manapaktachishpa ashtawanpash wakllichishkakuna.

Shinami, Mamallaktapak llankay wasikunatapashpukuchik llaktaykunatapash wakllichishkamiñawpa tukurik patsak watapuchukaypikarikurirka, shinami fenómeno de El Niño (1998)llakita mana chimpapurayta usharka, shinallatak1999 watapi kullkiyuk wasikunapakllakikunatapash mana alliyachinata usharkachu,chay llakikunami ashtawan wakchayaytamirachirka, 1995 watapika 12.84% kamanwakchayay tiyarka, 1999 watapika 52.18%kamami Mamallaktapika wakchayay paktarka.Dolar kullkiwanka Mamallkatakasinchiyarinkami nishka yuyayka ashallatamipaktarka, chaymantami 2006 watapika anchawakchayaypash ñawpa chunka wataman tikrarka.Ranti chay chunka watapika shinallatakmirunakunapash mirarirka, chaymantamiwakchayayka kutinllatak tikrarka. (4.1. milka).

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Pachamama llakikunawan shuktakyay, kullkichariyay llaki, shuktak kullkita Mamallaktapichurashkapash, runakunataka mana pakta paktaallichishkachu. ENEMDUR tantari nishkashinaka,1990, 2000 watakunapika ashtawanchariyukkunallami allichirirkakuna, rantiwakchakunaka, pusakniki chunkashkakunapi,paykuna chariskakunataka ashtawanmi

pishiyachirkakuna. Chay pachapi imashina tukuyrunakuna chimpapuraykuna tiyashkatakakaypimi rikunchin: (Gráfico 4.4), 1990 watapikapatsakmanta 10% ashtawan chariyukkunami18.6 kutinwan kan, 10% kma ashtawanwakchakuna yallikarka, ranti 2006 watapakkakay chikanyayka 28 kutin yallimi karka (RamírezR., 2007).

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4.1. milka: 1995 – 2006 Wakchakunapak, yapa wakchakunapak millpuy

–runa yupayta patsakri–

Sapi: SIISE-INEC, tawka watakunapi INEC, EC.


4.4 Shuyu: sapan runa wasi ukupi kullki imashina tantarin

Sapi: ENEMDUR, 1990-2006.


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Ña rikuchishka shina, kishpiyri pachapika,Mamallaktapi charirayayta paskaypika, yachakllankakkunatami achkata mutsurirka, shinamillankakkunapurapash rakirirkakuna: shukkunakayachakkuna, ranti shukkunaka mana yachakkunatukurka. Shina llaktaywanka, shukpillamikullkikunaka tantarirka, ashtawanmi shinakachullayarka25.

Wiñariyta hawalla26 rikukpika, hatun chariyaysinchiyashkami mutsurik rikurin, shinapashwakchayayta pishiyachinkapaka mana paktachukan. Ashtawankarin runakuna wakchayaymisinchiyashka, hatun yuyaypilla wiñariykaallikanata mana paktanchu, chaykunakawakchakunapak kawsaypimi kimirishka kana.Ashtawanka Mamallaktapak wakchakuna

kimirichun, llankachunpashmi yanapana kan.

Mamallaktapak kullkikuna yaykuri,rantinakunapash runa llaktakunamanka manapaktakta rakirishkachu, chaymantami manatukuykuna wiñarinata ushashkakunachu; tukuyllaktamanpash mana chayashkachu. Shinakashpami pukuypipash shukkunallapitantarishka, hatun llankay wasiyukkunatallayanapashpa, uchilla llankay wasikunatakawakllichishpa sakishka, shinami paktapaktamishanakuytaka harkashka27; achiklla katuy-rantita, llankaykunata mirachishpa, paktakullkita kunatapash harkashkami. Ecuadorllaktapika Gini tupuywan tupukpika, ashallallankay wasiyukkunapimi pukushkakunakatantarishka. (4.2. milka).

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4.2. milka: 2005* Hillay kapukamay sinchitantari: Gini tupu rikuchi**

* Utkashpa mutsuy llakikunata akllashka** Gini tupu rikuchikka: kipuypi kutin kutin rakiripi mana pakta pakta tuputami rikuchin, 0 manta, 1 kaman kuyurikmi kan. 1 yupaymankurishpaka ashtawan chullachullatami rikuchin, kutin 0 kuyurishpaka, rakirikuna pakta pakta kashkata rikuchin.(1) Kimsachunka shuk llankaywasikuna, chaykunamanta kanchis katuy illakta rikuchin.(2) Iskunchunka kanchis llankaywsasikuna, chaykunamanta 46 katuy illakta rikuchin.(3) Pusakchunka llankaywsasikuna, chaymanta 18 katuy illakta rikuchin.(4) Kallari katuna kak Patsak llankaywasikuna.(5) Kallari katuna kak Patsak llankaywasikuna

Sapi: Producto Indicador, 2005.


Karu Mamallaktakunamanlla katuymi may alliwiñariyna ñan nishpaka, tukuy Mamallaktapirunakuna wiñarinatami harkashka, shinamitukuy suyukuna tantarishpa llakikunataalliyachinkapak may sumak munaytapashharkashka.

Kullki chariyayta ashtawan sinchiyachikuypachapika, karu Mamallaktakunamankatunatami ashtawanka munarkakuna (shukllaktakunapi katurik); shinami chay llankaytakayapata yanaparkakuna, shinapash. chunka

watakuna washapika, chay karu llaktakunamankatukkunaka ashalla pukuy usuyta charirkakuna.1992- 1997 watakunapika, 2.4% patsakrikatuykunapika wiñariy tiyarka; ranti manakatukkunamanka 1.3% patsakri wiñarirka,kaypika punkara katuyka illanmi. Shinallata,chay pachallapitakmi punkaraman (katuriklla)achka kullkita churashkamanta, pukuyka (8.5%karka); shinalatak achik, yakupash (chaykamanmanarak katuna karka) pukuypika (13% karka),shina ashtawan wiñarishkatami rikuchirka. Shinakashpapash, mana chakra tarpukkunapak tukuy

25 Chay llakikuna mana alliyashka rikurinchu. Kunan rikukpika, mana yankachu kashka, kay ista llaktakunamanllankaypi llankakkunaka (katuy-ranti llankariy) 4 wata yalli yachakuyta charin, mikunkapaklla, mana kashpaka kaymamallakta ukupilla katuy-rantita llankakunapak rikuypika (mana chariyaypak -rantinpak).

26 Mana charikyay wiñariktami illashka rikurikta shina hamutarin, pukuchinkapak mana Mamallaktapi tantarinallankay ushay tiyakpi; shinallata, mana aukiyayta sinchiyachishpa, ista llakikunata atikpi.

27 Chanita churak llankak wasikunami, ashalla kashpapash, mana rantikkuna tiyakpipash, chanikunata wichayachinataushan. Paykunapak katunakunamanta yapa kullkita mirachishpa katishka rikurin. Uchilla llankak wasikunaka, manaima chanita katuykunapi churanata ushankunachu.


mutsurishka llankay makikunamantaka, ashalla0.7% patsakrillami karka, mana achka wiñarirkachu.Kutin, mana katuna, mana chakrapi mutsushkamaki llankaykunaka 82.7% patsakrimi karka,chaymanta 0.9% patsakrikaman kutirishka, shinallankaykunapi (Vos, 2002).

Kay yupay tantarikunaka, ishkay chunkawatakunapi chinkarishkatami rikuchin, shina1999 charikkunapak kullki wakaychikwasikunata, ama kullki illay llakipi urmachunnishpa, yanapashka kipamantaka, kullki mirarik,tiyaykuna wiñarikpash, yanka llullashkallamikashka, paykuna mana alli apashkamanta, manaallí kamayta apashkamanta, pakalla, paykunamanllallankashkamanta, llaktayukkunapak wakaychishkakullkikunatami aparkakuna.

Dolár kullkita sinchiyachinkapaka, 2000 watapihatun yuyayka karka, karu Mamallaktakunamanachkata katushpa, kishpiyri mintalayta churashpamiashtawanka paktashun nirkakuna. Tupushparikukpika nimapash manatak paktashkachu,shinami rikunchik. 2000 – 2005 watakamankaMamallakta kishpiyri kullkikamayta churakpimi0.748% mantaka 0.812 yupaykaman wiñarishkatarikurirka, shina wiñariymi chariyukkunapakyuyaypika alli wiñarirka ninkuna. Shinapashkatuna-rantinapi kullkikamayka wakllirishkamikarka. Karu Mamallaktakunamanta apamuykawiñarirka, 45.1% yupayman paktarka, rantikatunakunaka 34.1% yupayllapimi wiñarirka;chayka punkarapak chanikuna mana shukllakashkarayku, shukpika wichayan, shukpikaurayan, chaytaka mana kamachiyta usharinchu.4.5. shuyu).

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4.5 Shuyu: 1993-2006 Kanchaman katuy, kanchamanta rantimuy

–mamallaktapi tukuy tiyashkamanta patsakri–



Kapuk rantikunapika utkashpami wiñarirka, rantimana punkara kashka kapukunata shukmamallaktakunaman katuypika, mana utkawiñarirkachu; chaymantami llankaytiyanakunapash mana mirarirka, ashtawanpashpishiyashpami katirka, shinami runakunapakkawsayka ashtawan punchanta wakllirishpakatishka, llankaykuna illashkamanta, wakinpillallankakkuna mirarirka, llankashkamantapash

ashalla kullkita kushkamantami mana alli kawsaytiyashka.

Achka punkarata karu Mamallaktakunaman allichani kullkipi katushpapash, Mamallaktapakkullki chariyay sinchiyayta yanapashpapash,llankaykunataka mana mirachishkachu; ashallaruraykunapi llankakkunata mutsushkamanta,ashtawanka kullkicharinapi katirishka kaymanta

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4.1.7. Allpa pachapak llakikunakunan Ecuador llaktapaksinchi ushaykuna

Kay puchukay 200 watakunapika, Mamallaktapakkawsay llikapika llakipachami kashka, Europallaktakunapi, (shukniki llaktakuna nishkapi) 23kutinmi hatun llakikuna tiyashka, chayllakikunaka mana kullki illaymantallachukashka. Ashtawanpash chay llakikunaka,pukuymanta, alli shunkukanamanta, iñinamanta,mikuymanta, kuyuchik kapukunamanta,pachamamapak llakikunapash kashka, shukpinishpaka, tukuy llika kullkipilla yuyakkunamanta.Pachamamapika ashtawan hatun llakika, EstadosUnidos llaktapi kullki katuykunapi llakikunatiyashkamantami tukuy allpapachata katichishka.Kullasuyu Mamallaktakuna, mana paykuna ima

huchakunata charishpapash, kunanka llakipirikurin.

Neoliberal tantaripak llaktaykunaka, chayllakikunata ñawpa yuyaykunawan rikuypikallankayñankunaka, muyuy llakikunaman,mamallaktapak kullkitapash pishiyachina karka.Kutin Mintalaypika, maymanpash katuy-rantiruranallakanman, shinallata kullkitapaktachinkapakka, llankaykunapimillakichinman karka.

Ecuador llaktaka kay llakikunataka, mushuk alliyuyaykunawanmi chimpapurashka: ashtawankawakchakunata mana llakichina yuyaywankutichirka. Chay llakikunamanta harkarinkapakautkalla rurana llaktaykunatami churashka;

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4.6. shuyu: 1990-2006 Shuk llaktakunapi llankashpa purikkunapak kullki kachashkamanta

Rikuy: 2006 kuski killakamanmi rik-tikramuy purikkunapak yupay.

Sapi: Banco Central del Ecuador, Instituto de Estadísticas y Censos.


mana mirachishkachu. Llashachishpa rikukpika,2001 watamanta mana allichu kashka,ashtawanka karu llaktakunaman purik runakunakullki kachashkakunawanmi, ashatasinchiyarishka rikurin (4.6. shuyu).

Llakta yuykunami achka llakikunata apashka,kikin Mamallaktapak chariyukkuna, karuMamallaktapak chariyukkunawan tantarishpa,

wakchakunapi mana yuyashpa, paykunapakllayuyashkawan, munashkawan, mutsushkawanpashllaktay ñankunata churashkakuna. Chay llakikunakaachikllami rikurin: shina, llaktayukkunapurarakirishka, yapa piñanakushkapash. Rakirishkakashkamantami achkakunapak kawsaypashwakllirishka rikurin, shinallatak kutin kayshukmanyamanka achka charikkuna, wakllichishpa,llakichishpa Mamallaktataka katinkuna.


shinallatak, shamuk yalli watakunaman,ashtawan shamuk karu watakunamanpash ruranallaktaykunatami churashka. ShinamiMamallaktataka hatun llakikunamanta harkayyuyayta churashka. Kay llakikuna manarakhapíshka kakpíka, runakunapak kawsaytaalliyachinata ushanmanmi karka.

2006 watamanta utkashpa alliyachinatamashkashkamantami ñukanchik Mamallaktakapaypak ushayta hapinkapa karka, chay yuyaykaashtawanmi katina kan, ishkay yuyaykunatarikushpa: shuknikipika tiyashka mamallaktapakkullkikunata allita kamashpa; chaykunakallakikunamanta pishiyashka kullkiwan;ishkaynikipika, tukuy Mamallaktapi kawsakrunakunaman alli llaktaykunata yanapachun,Pakta yuyakunapi sinchiyachina; shina rurashpakallakikuna chayakpipash wakchakunata amallakichichun, ama Sumak Kawsaytapashwakllichishpa, Mamallaktapakshuktakyachitapash allita apachun.

Kunan pachapika, kullkiyayka achiklla yuyaymisakirin, kay llakikunaka kullkikamakpimiwakllichinka, chayka kipa punchakuna rurayyuyaykunapimi rikurinka. Chaymantakullkikunata tikra ruray katinapika, kuchullawata,shamuk yalli wata, karu shamuk watapashrurankapakmi yuyarina kan. Tukuykunayuyarishpa arinishka kankapa, shinallatakMamallaktapi tiyak kullkikunatapash may allitakamankapa, Mamallatapak llaktaywan paktakachun, shina shuktak Mamallaktakunamantapashmutsurishka kullkita ashtawan mañankapa.Mamallakta kikin kashkata sinchiyachishpa.

Kullki tantaypika, llakta runakuna huchaykullkita kunamantami sinchi kakpipash ashtawanalliyachishpa katina, mana shina rurashpakakullkita mana alli tantayta usharinkachu,shinallata, tukuy runakunaman, mana imarakinata ushankachu.

Punkara kaputa wakaychishkata asthtawanmirachinkapa, pukuykunapipash chikanchinkanta mirachinkapa; shinallata pukushkakunataashtawan allicina llankaykunata churashpa;katuna-rantinakunatapash chikanyachishpa,hatunyachishpa, kaykunami ashtawan utkashparurana kan, kanllamanta llakikunañukanchiktapash ama llakichichun.

Kullki tukuchipika, Mamallaktapakllankaykunapi, kamaykunapi, paylla kanatapashpishiyachinami kan, kullkitaka ama imapipashtukuchinkapakllachu kan, ashtawanka,mamallakta paktaykunata rurankapakmi kan.

Shinallatak kamaykunapi kullkita allikamankapaka shuk mushuk kullki llikatashayachina kan, chikan chikan kallari llaktarunakunapak kullki llankayta churashpakimirichinami kan. Shinami Mamallaktapikakullkikamayka achiklla kachun, utkashparuraypash kachun, shinami, kullkitaka sapansapan runa llankaykunaman yanapana(ashtawanka wakcha runakunaman, shinallatachariyuk llankakkunamanpash), shinami,shamuk watakunapika llankay tiyanata,pukuchikunapipash, runa kawsaipi allikaytayuyashpa, uramanta kallarishpa kullki tiyaytasinchiyachinkapa. Kullki llikatamushukyachinkapakka, Banco del IESS, BancaPublica, Red de Seguridad Financiera allillankaykunata mutsunchik; shinallata shukkatuna-rantina kullkikunatapash rurana.

Shuktak Mamallaktakunawanka, may alli sumakyuyaykunawanmi mamapachapak mintalaypipakta pakta yaykurinata mashkana. Kunanpachakunamanka ashtawan hatun yuyayka,katuy-rantikunapi hapishka kuskakunata manakichuchina kan; ashtawan shamuk karupachakunamanka chikan chikan pukuykunapishuktak katuna-rantina kuskakunatamimashkana. Kay yaykurika, kipata Sur–Surashtawan wankurina yuyaypakmi yanapanka,shinallatak UNASUR tantaritapashsinchiyachinkapa; Shuktak mamallaktakunapakkatillankay yanapashpa, shuktak mushukkamachiykunata churashpa, shuk paka paktakawsayta pachamamapi churankapak.

Kullki chanikunamanta allpapachapimakanakuykuna tiyakpika, shuk alli harkakñankunata churanami kanka, kamachiytupukunatapash mamallaktapurapi churanakanka (ama rantiykuna yaykushpa, llaktapukuyta wakllichichun), chaytakaMamallaktakunapak saywapillatak harkana.

Mitsarinapika, chay Tratado de Libre Comercioarininakuytaka allinta rikushpami mitsarina,kikin Mamallakta ukumanta Sumak Kawsaytawiñariyna kullkikamayta harkak kashkamantamitsarina, ima llakikunatapash allichinkaak.Shinallatak Mamallaktata harkaktapashwiñachina, ima llakikunatapash allichinkapak.Ashtawanka hatun ruraykamaykunawan rikuna,ista llakta llankay wasikunawan piñanakuykunataapana; chaykunata harkakanaka, mamallaktapakllankay kullki paktaymi kan, kutin chaymi,shuktakyanataka harkanka.

Llaktaykunapika, llakikuna tiyashpami, manaallikachik runakunata rikuchin, chaymantami

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tukuykuna yuyarishpa, arininakushpa, alliñankunata wiñachina, chay llakikuna amaashtawan mirarichun utkashpa harkana.Chaymanta sinchi kamachiykunatami churanakan, ima llakikuna tiyakpipash tukuykunarimanakushpa, shuk mushuk alli yuyaykunatamashkankapa, shinallata shuklaya mashkaykawsayta rurashpa atinkapa.

4.1.8. Runakuna mirarikuyman

Kipa pachakunapak alli ñanta wiñachinkapaka,mashna runakuna tiyashkata, tiyakrikta yachanakan. Ecuador mamallaktapak 2025 watakamanimashina kakrikta, mashna runakunayuparinamanka tawka yuyaykunami tiyan.

2025 watapak yupakkunapak yuyaypika, Ecuadorllaktaka 17.1 hunu runakunatami charinka.Runakuna 2020 watamanta, mirariypika ashatapishiyankami, watapika 1.1% patsakrikamanmirarinka; shinallata wawa charinapika, sapan

warmimi 2.1 wawakunata charinka, shuklayanishpaka tayta-mamakunapak ranti. Shinakaachka runa mirarimi tiyanka, shinapash, chaymirarika allimanta allimantami mirarinka.

Shinallatak runakunapak paktay kawsay pachaka2 watapi yalli mirarinka, 77,5 watakamanchayanka, wawa wañuykunapash chawpikamanpishiyarinka; 2008 – 2025 watakaman, shukwaranka wawakuna kawsaywan wacharishkamanta,20 manta 11 kaman yallinka. Chaymantamichikan chikan wata tantanakuykunapi rikurinka.15 watata manarak charikkunapash pishiyarinkami,31.2% - 24.5% kamanmi urayanka, ranti 15watamanta 64 watayukkamanka 63 - 66%patsakrikaman mirarinka; kutin 65 watamantayallishkakunaka 6-9,3%28 kaman mirarinka.Kayta alli rilkukpika, chay pachapika rukuyashkarunakunami ashtanwan kawsankakuna, imashinaEcuador llaktapak runakuna, katik shuyukunapi1980 watamanta rikurinkuna.

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4.7. shuyu: 1982; 2008; 2025 kari warmi, mashna wata chariktapash rakishka yupay

28 Kaya mincha, ima tukunata rikukkunaka ninkunami, kunanka ashalla wawami wacharikun, shukmantaka runakunaashtawan unay kawsaytami charikrinkuna; chaymanta rukukunaka 2008 watamanta 2025 watakamanka, ishkay kutipimirarinka. Kunanka manarak 15 watata paktak wawakuna, 100 tiyashkamanta, 27 rukukuna 60 watayukmanta yallitatiyankuna; chaymanta, 25 watakamanka 54 ruku yuyakkunami tiyanka.


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ISapi: INEC- Censos de Población 1982, Proyecciones de Población, 2008 y 2025.


Kay pirámide umayay shuktakyaypika, llankayushak runakuna, shinallatak rukukunapashmiraririnkami, ranti manarak chunka pichkawatayukkunaka pishiyashpami katinka29. Shinallankak ushay runakuna “ventana de

oportunidades” paskarinka, chaypachami llankayushay runakuna mirarikpi, pkuykunapashmirarinka, shinallata mamallaktapak tukuytiyakkunata, mushuk llankakkunawan30

mirarishpa rinka. allimanta llankaykunawan

29 Kay manarak 15 watata charik wawakunaka pishiyankami, shina 108.000 wawakunallami tukunka (naka 6.300wawallaman shuk watapi paktanka), kutin llankak watayukkuna, ruku yuyakkunapash 2’600.760 runakunamimirarinka.

30 Kaypi rikushpaka, runakuna mirarika chay 2025 wata paktaykamanka, shuk patsak runakunamanta 51% patsakrimanurayamunkakuna.


kay mintalayman achkakunata yaykuchikpika,kapukunapash ashtawan mirarishpa katinka,shina allpachapak charirayaypash wiñarinka.

Chikan chikan watayuk runakuna shuktakyarishpakatikpika, rantishpa millpuykunapikashuktakyarinkami. Shamuk 17 watakunapika,manarak 15 watata charik runakunaka tukuykapukuna tiyakkuna rantinapi, mikuypi, watapachapi wiñarinaka, illakmanta washamanmitikranka (-0,1%). Ranti 15 watamanta 64watayukkamanka wata pachapika 1.5%utkashpami mirarinka, shinallatak rukuyashkarunakunapash ashtawanmi mirarinka, kunanka2,4 kutimi ñawpa 3.8% yupayta yalli wiñarinka.

Alli kayman tukuy rantishpa tukurishkakapukuna shinallatakmi, rukuyashkarunakunapak mutsurishkakunapash yapatamiwiñarinka, kutin 15-64 watakaman watayukkunakayallimi wiñarinka, ñawpaka (1.9%) kaman,kunanka (3.8%)kaman, kutin manarak 15watakunata charikkunaka illakmanta washamanwiñarinka shina (-0.2%).

2010 watamantaka, 5 watayukkuna 14watayukkunapash, pishiyarishpami katinka,chaymantami wawakunapak kallari yachaymutsuypash pishiyarinkami. Ranti 15 watayukkuna,17 watayukkunaka katik yachakuytapashachkatami mutsunkakuna, 2015 watakamankaachkakunami mirarinka, chay kipa kutinpishiyarishpa katinka. Ñawpa tantarikunapakrantika, 18 watayukkunamanta 24watayukkunakaman sumak yachana wasitamimutsunkakuna, shinami 2025 watapika1’983.000 runakunami paktanka. Chaymantamiastawanka chay watakunapi sumak yachanawasikunatami mirachina kanka, chaypakkallankashpa pukuchikkuna (PoblaciónEconómicamente Activa) ashtawanmimirarishka kanka.

Alli muskushpa rikurikpika chay, llankashpapukuchikkunami llaktakkunapak PEA nishkakawatanta 2.2%31 kaman wiñashpa katinka. Chaykasapan watatami 170.000 runakuna mushukllankayman yaykunkuna. Shina kakpika kunan7% llankay illak runakunata kawsachinkapakka,sapan watami 154.000 llankaykunata mutsurinka.

4.2. Revolución Ciudadanatantanakuypak 31 killa

4.2.1. Llaktay mushukyay: llaktaushayta chariyukkunallapishkatamanta Pakinakama

27 punchapi, ayriwa killapi, 2009 watapimiakllakkunaka 51.99% pushakkunawanMovimiento Patria Altiva y Soberana (PAIS)tantarita allinishpa kutintak akllarkakuna,shinami Correa- Moreno pushakkuna tikrapushakkuna tukurka, 2009 watamanta, 2013watakaman Mamallaktata kamachun, ñawpakamana maykan shinaka akllashka karkachu.Chunka watakuna llaki makanakuy, hatunkamachikkuna urmay pacha yallishkatimi.Ecuador llaktayukkunaka, kutin paykunallatatakMamallaktata kamashpa katichun akllarkakuna,paykuna Mamallaktata shuktayachishun,mushukyachishun nishkakuna.

Manarak 29 puncha, ayriwa killa, 2009 watamanchayashpaka, Ecuador llaktayukkunaka kimsakutinmi ari nishpa shitarkakuna: Mamakamachiykillkak Tantanakuyta rurankapak, arinishpa,Kamachiy killkak runakunata akllanapi, mushukMamamachiyta ari nishpa, shinami RevoluciónCiudadana pushakka, Mamakamachiymisapishina kan nirkami, shina shuktak llaktaykunata,kullki chariyayta, runakunata shuktakkunatapashalliyachinkapa, mushuk kawsayta Mamallaktapiwiñachinkapa karka. Kay tukuy yuyashkakunataka,llaktayukkunaka arinishpami shitarkakuna,shinami mushuk Mamallaktata rurankapamunarkakuna, shinallatak mushukwiñarikunatapash churankapa kallarirka.

Ashtawankarin, kay puchukay 30 watakunapimi,apuchi wiñaykawsaypika Mamallaktapaksuyukunapi rakirishka mana alli achikllarikurirkachu (Cuntisuyu / Antisuyu, Quito /Guayaqil) llaktakunapi pantaykunami rikurirka.Kay shuktakyachina yuyayka Guayaquilllaktapipashmi misharka, puchukay 15watakunapika PSC charikkunami Guayaquilkitipi, Mamallaktapipash tukuy ushayta charirka,paykuna nishkata imakunatapash rurankapacharirkakuna (4.1 shuyu).

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31 Kay 2008 watapi 6.3 hunu llankak runakunamanta, 2025 watakamanka 9.1 hunu llankak runakunami mirarinka.


Imashinami allpashuyupi rikunchik,Llaktayukkunapak Revolución Ciudadanayuyayka, tukuy Ecuador llaktapimi yanapaytacharin, shina kashpami ñawpa charikkunapaktantarikuna, kay ishkay chunka watakuna yallitallapishpa, Mamallaktapi paykunapakyuyaykunata churashpa kawsashkata pitishka.Kamachiktaka tukuykuna alli nishpayupaychashka, ranti chay ñawpa kawpaytantarikunata tukuykunami mana alli nishpatunkushkakuna, shinami ushaykunatashuktakyachishka. Kunanka chay llaktaytantarikuna, achkata chariyukkuna, paykunatukuy Mamallaktapak llankaywasikunatarikurayashpa kawsana ushaytakapishiyachishkakunami. Mamallaktapak kimiriushayka, llaktakkunata, kullki chariyay,ushaymantapash rakikllapimi sinchiyarinka.Kimsa watallapi, akllay shitaykunapi suktanikikutin mishashka, kamachiykunatamushukyachishpa Mamallaktapika yanapayta,yupaychaytapash paktashka, chay paktaykunami,mititukushpalla ushaykuna tiyaktapashchimpapurashpa mishayta usharin. Kay 31 killa,llaktayukkunapak Revolución Ciudadanatantanakuypak paktashkakunamillankaykunapika ashtawan rikurin.

4.2.2. Mushuk kishpiyri katik,rikukuykuna

Mamallaktapak ashtawan hatun llakikunata,mutsurikkunatapash shuktak mushuk yuyaywan,

tukuykuna tantarishpa shuktakyachina pachamikan, shinallatak Mamallaktapak kikinyaytapashwiñachinami kan, may alli kawpaykunatawiñachishpa, Sumak Kawsayman tukuyllachayankapa.

Kay pacha wiñaykawsay ñanpika,mushukyachina, shuktakyachina, alliyachinayuyaykunata paktachinaka achka sinchimi kan.Shinapash shina yuyaykuna, llakikunatawiñaykawsayta alliyachinkapaka mushukñankunatami rikuchin. Ashtawanka,Allpamamapak kullasuyu Mamallaktakunapi,XXI patsakyay kallarikunapika, neoliberalismoyuyayka ñami achka ushayta paykunapurahapishkarka, achka kullkita charikkuna,ruraykamayuk wasiyukkunapash shinalayamicharirka (Harvey, 2007).

Kallari kullki kamay waklliripika, kayPachamamapak chikan chikan Mallaktakunapakkullki kamaypi, neoliberal yuyaypak samaykunasinchiyashka katikuypipash, tukuypi Mamallaktakamachun yaykuchun mutsurin. kullkimañachikunata, kapukkunata, rantikkunatapashsinchiyachishpa katinkapak; shinallatakkullkikamay llikakunatapash kishpichinkapa.

Apya-Yalapak tawka Mamallaktakunapimineoliberal yuyaypak katikillata, llaktaykunatachinkachinkapak yuyaykunata, kullkita charinapimanarak wakllirikpi, ñami hatun kullki wakllirikiñukuna rikurirka.

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4.1 shuyu: 2009 Mamallakta Pushak akllaykunamanta llukshishka

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Sapi:

Consejo NacionalElectoral.

Rurashka:

SENPLADES.


Chaymantami XXI patsak wata kallarimantamushuk llaktay tandarikunami ushaymanchayarkakuna, ñawpa llaktay katuna-rantinayuyaykunawan, runakunaka ñami shaykushkakarka, chaymantami kay mushuk llaktakyuyaykunarikurirka. Shinami kaymushukyankapak pakirishka yuyaywan, pishillakullki charina wiñariwan chakrurishpa,neoliberalpak llankayñankunawan runakunataashawan wakchatukuyman kacharkakuna,chullayaypashmi mirarirka; runakunamantukuysami hayñikunata chinkachirkakuna. Chayllakimi wakin Mamallaktakunapi chinkaytakallarikukpi, wankurishpa runakunaka achkatamipiñarirkakuna, chaypi Mamallaktapak llankaywasikunapash mana ima rurarkakuchu. Shinakachay llaktay tantarikunapak mishaypikarunakuna aynirishpa akllaypi arinishpashitashkakuna kanchu (Ramirez F.2006:30-44).

Mamallakta Tantari ashtawan llankaypiyaykurichun nishpa, runakunapak alli kawsaytañawpaman purichina yuyaywanmi hatun rurayyuyayta kutin churashka, chaytaka kay patsakyaywata kallaripimi rikurirka, suyupika tawkaNamallaktakunami shina kallarirkakuna. Chaychariyay yuyaykunaka neoliberal tiyashka katimirikurirka, kay pachamantami Mamallaktapitiyashkakunata tukuy runakunaman paktatarakina yuyaywan, llankay wasikunatasinchiyachina yuyaywanpash atirin, shinallatakMamallaktapak ushaykamay wasikunatasinchiyachirka, shina tawkasami wiñarikunawanmushuk kawsayta mashkankapa.

Ecuador llaktapak kamachik llankayñankunata,29 puncha, karwa killa, 2007 watamanta, 2009watakamanmi, mushukyashka llaktaykunatachurashka. Chay yuyayka shuktakMamallaktakunatapashmi kuyuchikun.Chaymanta, ñukanchik Mamallaktashina kayyuyay llaktaykunawan katikpika, asha watakunakipaka tukuy shuktak kullasuyuMamallaktakunapash kay shina llaktaykunatawiñachinkakuna. Tukuy Runakunapak kawsaytaalliyachinkapa, neoliberal kawsay pachatamishankapa mushukyanka.

4.2.3. Mamallaktapak tukuymushuk ruray ushaykuna:Mamakamachiyka achikpachashina

Kay 31 killakunata, Mamallaktata pushaymanCorrea kamayman chayamushkamantami tukuyMamallaktaman llankaykunaka shuknipimirikurin. Mamallaktapak kati ruraykunapi

kutinllata ashtawan hatun ushay llankaykunata,paktay llankaykunata, kamaykunata rurarka,shinallata Mamallaktapak kullkita kukkuskakunata, tiyashkakunata paktapaktarakinapak llaktaykunatami churashka. Kutinkaru Mamallaktakunawan apanakuypika, tukuysuyupi Mamallaktapura tantarinata ashtawansinchiyachina yuyaytami churashka, shinallatakallpapacha kawsaypi aukillay yuyaywan kishpiyri,kimirichunpash shayachishka.

Shina mushuk yuyaykuna, llankaykunatapurinapi churashkamantaka, ñawpa llaktaytantariykunawan, ashtawan charikkunawanpashhatun piñarinakuymi rikuy kallarin, chaypikaliberalismo yuyayta charikkunami kan: hatunruray kamayukkuna, kullkikamayukkuna,kullkikarayukkuna, shuk charikkunapash.Shinallata tawka mamallaktapakllankaywasikuna, mamallaktapi llankakrunakunapash, paykunaka kullkipilla yuyakrunakunawan allikachishpa, mana mushukpushay yuyaywan shuktankapak munankunachu.2006 watapi Rafael Correa pushak kankapak, ñamana kullkipilla yuyaytaka allikachirka,ashtawan shuk pakta pakta kana mushukyuyaykunata churashpami, chay yuyaytakairkiyachirka.

Llakta runakunapak yanapaywan, irkiyashkakullki yuyaypilla llaktaykunata manaallikachishpa, 1990 watakunamantachariyukkuna kay Mamallaktata wiñachinkapakyuyaywan apakushkamanta, Rafael Correa,paypak llaktay tantari Alianza País (AP),shinallata pushak kashpapash, chaycharikkunapak kawsaylayataka, sinchitamiwaktarka. Paypak kamanapi hatunllankayñankunaka chay ishkay chariyukkunatantari kichunakushpa, llapinalla yuyaywanushaymantaka karuyashkami kan. Chaytantarikunami 1979 watamanta kamay ushaytakichunakushpa katimushkakuna; shukkunakaPartido Social Cristiano tantaripi wankurishkakashka, chaypimi Izquieda Democrática (ID),Democracia Popular (DP) tantaripashkunankaman katinkuna. Shinallatak AbdaláBucaram katirishkakunatapash, chariyuk AlavaroNoboata, kutin paypak rantipika, LucioGutierrezta chawpipi kayman chaymanwankurikta yachakpi, chaypi churarka; paymiNoboa tantarikunawan, Partido Social Cristianotantariwanpash tinkichishpa kawsakkarka(Unda: 2008).

Kay tukuy chariyuk tantarikunawanmi, mushukpushakka, chimpapurashpa mishashka. Shinami

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chay hatun chariyuk Isaías tantaripakcharishkakunata, 200 yallita charishkakunatakichushka, (sitwa killa 2008 watapi)Mamallaktaman tikrachirka. Shinallatak chaycharikkuna Mamallaktaman kullkita kunakashkatapash tikrachichishpa chaskirka. Shinamimamallakta tukuykunaman kashkata,wakchakunaman llankay mutsuyta RevoluciónCiudadana rikuchirka, Chaymantami ñawpasapiyashka neoliberal yuyaypak ushaytairkiyachishpa rin.

2008 watapi Asamblea Nacional Constituyenteruna akllaykunapi, ñawpa 1979 watakunamantamamakamachiyta wiñachik chariyuk llaktaytantarikunami chay akllaypika mishay tukurkakun.Ñawpa patsak puchukay watakunapi, Hatuncharik tantarikunapak llaktay kamachikunakawaklliri kallarirkami (PRIAN, SociedadPatriótica), shinami chaykunapak rantipika(Alianza País) tantari, shuk uchilla llukitantarikunawanpash Asamblea ukupi, achkapiñanakuy chawpipimi rikurin. Shinami kutinEcuador Mamallaktapak shuk mushuk llaktayushayyuk tantarikuna rikurin.

Shina pachapimi shuk mushuk Hatun Kamachiyruray yuyay wiñarirka, chaytami 28 puncha,kuski killapi, 2008 watapi llaktayukkuna arinishpa shitarkakuna. Pushak kamachikunapashkutinllatak arinishpa shitarkakuna, Mamakamachiykakay yuyaykunami ashtawanka charin:

• runakunapak yanapak kullita ruraytachurana

• Mamallaktata tikra shayachina,alliyachinapash

• Mamallakta kamayta shuk llaktakunapiushay

• Mamallaktapak llankayñanta kutincharirayana

• Pachamama wiñariyta kamachiyna

• Pachamamapak hayñikuta ushnuna• Tawkasami kawsayyuk Mamallaktata

riksina• Runakuna ayninakuchun, llaktayukkuna

ushachun ñawpachina• Mamakamachiyyuk Mamallaktata

wallpana• Hayñikunata mirachina• tukuy akllanakuykuna ukuyayka, 16 wata

yalliyuk wamrakuna, shuktakMamallaktapikak runakuna akllanata ushanmi,shinallatak kishpiyta kichushkayankamantawichkashkakuna, chapakkuna,awkakkunapash akllanata ushankunami.

• ortodoxo yuyaymanta chikan wiñariytawallpana

• llakta runakuna awkakkunapak hawapiushaymanta

Shinami Mamakamachiy neoliberalismo yuyaytachimpapurankapa runakuna hatari pachamantatantashka, wanakuykuna munaykunatapash,Mamallakta mushukyari, shuktakyari ruraykatitacharin, mushukyachinatapash charinmi.Imashina Mamallaktapi llaktay wiñariytaapamuyka mushukyari wachuta, mawkayashkakawsana llakta pushayta rikunamantamiashtawan shayarishka. Mamakamachiypinikukshina Mamallakta pushay llankaykatinatayallishpa tantarinata sinchiyachishka. EcuadorMamallaktapi kawsakkuna achka shamukwatakuna imashina kawsayta paktankapaarininakuchinmi.

Mawkayashka llaktay tantanakuykunata millayhawapi, chaypak rantika ashtawan runakunakimirina ushay aynirimi rikurin. Kay yuyaykaashtawan Mamallaktata mañaraymi kan,shinallatak wiñariy ñanpi mana mintalayllatiyachunmi rikurin (4.3. milka).

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Kay llaktay yuyaypurapika, kullkikamantallankanata Mamallakta kutintak kallari llankaypichuranami mutsurin, llakta wiñariytapashkallariypi churanapashmi. Bresser Pereirapa(2007) hapishka wakin yuyaykunamanta, kaymushuk rurarikukrak yuyayka, yuyaykunakallaripi taririnka, churarinka.

a) Mamallakta pushay yachayta tukuykunapurawallpankapa mutsuriyka pukuypak kullkichuray,mushukyay, llankay tiyachun, runakuna yaykuritiyachunpakpash yachana;

b) ñawpakman rinapak kullki kuyka,mamallaktapak mamakullki hawapi, kikinwakaychishka kullki hawapipash rurarishkami,mana paya yuyaykuna nishka shina, kanllamankullki churashkamanta, charik mamallaktakunakullki kachashkamanta rurashka kanchu;

c) kullki tiyaypi alli kayta rikuypika manachanimantallachun kana kan, ashtawanpashmishanakuk kullki chimpapuray mana yalliachka kak wawa kullki, ashtawanpashllankaykuna tiyachun, mana mama kullkiraykullayuyana kanchu.

d) Mamallakta kullki alli kayta charinamutsuyka, yallik 1950 /1980 watakunawiñaririmanta chikankayachikmi, shina ama

Mamallakta pakirichun, wiñarinapak sapi hillay(shinapash, llaktapi mañaykunata hatarichinkapak,tukuykunapak kullkita manuy).

e) macroeconomiapi rikushpaka, mana kullkipuchukllata shuyashpa tukuykunapak kullkiwakaychinatami mashkarin, shina ruraykamañachishka kullkikunamanta ama tukuykunarikuchunllami shina rurarin;

f) rakina, kutintak rakina llaktayukkunatatankana, ishanchishka paktana yuyay milkaukupi hayñita charik runakunata sinchiyachina,Mamallakta ukupi katuna rantina ukutasinchiyachinapash (Brasser Pereira, 2007).

Ecuador Mamallaktapika, mushuk Mamallaktapushakka tawka rikukushka ñankunatamipurimushka. Mamallakta pushay yachaykuskakunapak yallik 2001-2006 watakunapitukuykunapak kullkikuna churaytapashwallpaytapashmi tikra churashka. WatapiMamallakta kullki churaypika, MamallaktapakUkupi Tukuy Sami Tiyakkuna (MTT) mantaka6,5% patsakrimi kashka. Kutin 2007-2009watapakka AMTT 9,9% patsakrimanmichayashka, kayka 50% patsakriwan kanchiswatakunata yalli churashkami rikurin.Kaywanmi shuktak pushay yachay wiñanakashkata rikuchin. Kaywanka Mamallaktapi

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4.3 Milka: 1998-2007 (%) Watakunapi Mamallaktamanta mintalaymantapash

Ecuador llakta llaktayukkuna imashina yuyanmanta*

*Tapushka kamupika mana tukuy watakunapak willayta rikuchinchu.

Sapi: Latinobarómetro, 2007.



tiyakta, tikra rakinata kikin mintalaykamachiytami mashkan.

Mushuk Mamallakta pushakka shukkunallakullkishpa charikyakkunapak llankayta,kamachiywan kumuchina yuyaytami rikuchin;shuktak Mamallaktapura yuyariwan, ruraykunapiMamallakta rikurayaywan yaykurina, mana shukMamallaktallapi kak llankakwasi, manatukuchishpalla wakichishka kullkikunapipashyaykurinata munanmi. Shina ashtawan paktatukuykunapak wawakullki, shukkunapakllapashwawa kullkita rakina.

Mushukyarikuk wiñariy kakushpapash,Mamallakta pushaytaka kay ishkay watataatinakuy chawpipi kallarik mushukyarikukshinatami rikuna kan, maypimi shuktakllaktaykunapash allichirikuk kakta hamutanakan, kullkiyay ñankunapash kutin allichirishpawiñarimukta rikuna kan, shina Consenso deWashington arininakuyta, ukllakkunamantaachkatami yuyaypipash, llaktaypipashchikanyarishka.

Kay ñanta rikuypi, shinallatak CEPALrikuypipash, Ecuador llaktaka, ashtawanpash(6,5%) patsakri Abya Yala Mamallaktakuna,2008 watapi, kullkiyay wiñariyukpurapi rikukpikapichka nikipimi kan; mana punkara katuymantakullkita yaykuchikka 7,9% patsakripimi rikurin.Kay ishkay watapi Mamallaktata pushaypika,Giniwan mana pakta kayta tupuypi 2006 -2008watapika 0,511 patsakrimanta, 0,483 patsakkamamiuriyashka, nishun 0,03 iñukunawan. Shinallatak,2006 watapak kapak raymi killamanta 2008watapak kapak raymi killakamaka, 10% patsakriashtawan charikkunawan 10% patsakrimanapash charikkunawan rikuypika 28yupaymanta 24,5 yupaykamami urmarka.

Kay tukuymi imashina wallpaykuna, shinallatakMamallakta llankaykunata shuktakyarichunapana tukushka. Tukuykuna ayniriwanMamallakta mushukyariyka mashkashkapash,rurarikukpash shinami tukuykunamanrikuchinapika rikurin. Kay kimirina ushaymushukyarinaka Mamallaktapak allpakunamanashtawan kuchuyarichun wanachina rikurin, allipaktachik kankapak kamachiyrinata, ushaypakkunanyaritapash charinmi. Ushayta kuk tukuymañaymashkayta ashtawan paktak kaytapashruranmi. Kaykunata ashtawan rikurayaykaaynirik llaktayukkuna kuyurinatami kun,shinallatak tukuykunapak llankaypirikuraytapashmi kun. Chikan sami kawsaytacharik runakunayuk Mamallaktataka ashtawan

sinchilla Mamallakta mushukyachiytami ruran,chaymantami kikin Mamallaktaka shukllaminishkawan llukshirin.

Capitalismo global yuyayta llakichikka,posneoliberal llaktaymanta wacharishpañanyachikuna, kunanpillatak Mamallaktamantamushuklaya ukuyachik wiñariy samarinka,Mamallakta suyu tantanakuykunapi allitarikushpa sumakta yaykurina katikuytamiyuyachishka kanka. Mamallakta pushakka kayshina wiñariykunata yanapanamanmitumpirishka: Venezuela Mamallaktawan punkarasurkuyta allichina hawapash, ChileMamallaktawan mintalaypak arininakuywan,Brasil Mamallakta ima mutsushka wallpakunatashayachichun yanapay, Banco del Sur kullkiwasipipash Ecuador llaktaka umayakmi rikurin,ALBA tantarinaman yaykurik Mamallaktapuratantanakushkapipash yaykurishkami,sarunkunalla wacharik UNASUR tantarimankimirik llaktakunatapash pushakunmi. Tawkarimanakuykunami shuktak Mamallaktakunawanpaskarishka, shinallatak wiñarikuk hawayachikMamallaktakunawanpash (India, China, Rusia,Irán) rimanakuyta kallarishka. Chay tukuytarurashpaka kutin CIADI tantarimantakallukshishkami, kay tantanakuyka pimanpimanpash katunakuypi mintalachun hillaymikarka.

Capitalismo waklliriy chawpipi, MamallaktataPushakpak munayka políticas posneoliberalesyuyashkakunata charirayana yuyaymi kan,shinapash llaktakunapi paktakay tiyachunyuyanmi, tukuykuna munashkaman paktaktukuy, tukuykunata kamay yuyaywanpash.Kashna rikuymantami, tukuykunapak kullkichuraytaka mirachinatak tukun, tukuykunamanyachaykuna, hampinakuna, llankaykuna,llaktakamaykuna allichirinapash, chayanapashpaktanatak kan. Shinallatak chikan chikansukllapak kashpa tukuykunapak kashpapashpukuchiyta tawkayachina tukun, kullki mañaytaashtawan paktak kachun ruranapash,llankankapak ima charinakunapashmutsurintakmi. Kay tukuyta rurankapakaMamallaktapi imalla tiyakkunata kutin rakinashunkumi kan, kaykunaka sinchi kimiri ushaytantarishka tuputami charin.

Kay tukuyka shuk shinaman pushay yachaykururayka, achka watakunaman rikushpapurichinatami atin. Kay pushay yachayka“Charishkakunata shuktaklaya mushukyachina,Sumak Kawsaypak rakinaka, katikpimi rikurin”,chaytami katipika rikuchirin.

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Revolución Ciudadana Mamallakta Pushakmushuk arininakuyta rikuchiyka, paktakay,tawkasami kawsayyuk llaktayukkuna,kawsaypurayuk hayñikunayuk Mamallaktata,2008 watapi arinishka Mamakamachiypi tiyakSumak Kawsayyuk llaktayukkuna kachunruranatami mañan. Kay katikuypimi achkawatakuna kipapak pushay yachaypi tiyachunrikuna, imashina mushuk Mamallaktapitiyakkunata rakina, tikra rakinatapash charirayayawana ñanta rikuchin.

5.1. Mushuk kawsanakuymanarininakuy

Mushuk Mamakamachiyka kawsanakunkapamushuk arininakuyta, llaktaypi kawsakruranakunapura shuk yuyayllata charinamitukun.

Paktakaymanta kunan pachapi sumak rimaykakuskay hatun, kallarikunawan kishpiyrishkarunakuna pakta kawsasha nikkunaarininakuymantami kallarin (Rawls, 1999: 11).Kay tukuri yuyayka maykanpasharininakukkunaka, kayshuk runakunamantamana llapikpash, shuyakukllapash kachun;kishpiyrishka, pakta paktami kan.

Wiñay kawsaypi rikushpaka, Mamakamachiytarurak runakunamantaka mana kikin yuyayllaminiy tukunchikchu, ñukanchik Mamallaktapikatukuymi mana pakta kakkuna kashka, shinallatakmana shuktak llapikkunapak yuyaykunamantakishpiyrishkapash kashkakunachu. Kay sarunkallarik yuyaykunaka mana tukuy kariwarmipakchu kashka; ashtawanpash,

chikanyachikkunami rikurishka. MushukMamakamachiyka kay tiyaykunata rikushka,karuyaykuna tiyaktapash rikushpami llankaykallarin, kaykunami kunan punchakunapikaEcuador llaktapi kawsak runakunatachikanyachinkuna. Shina, shukkunalla ashtawankak kawsaytaka washamanmi sakisha nin (manatukuykuna yaykuri yuyayta tukuykunapak makipimana churaytukurkachu), shina yallikwatakunaman pakta kak mushuk kawsaytawiñachinkapakmi kan.

Tukuykuna pakta kay hatun kallariy socialistayuyayta katishpa, Mamakamachiyka paktakaypimi mushuk runa kawsayta shayachiytarikun. Chaypakka, mayhanpash mana payllatakmunaymanta pakta Kawsay illak kay tukunchu.Mushuk Mamakamachiypika, tiyashkakunatakutin rakiwanmi mana paktakay llaki kawsaytakaallichinata rikun; ñawpa Rupública pachakawsaykunapi shina ashalla ima charikkunapakmakipimi Mamallakta sinchi samarikta rikukkarka.

Mushuk Mamakamachiyka mushuk repúblicakawsaypi kakkuna shinatami ruranata mashkan,maypimi kikin munaykuna rurariy tukun; pipashmana harkashka kawsaymanta rurayusharinakuna, hawayarikunapash sisarikukmitukun. Chay hatun kallarikunata katinkapakka,imata llankankapakpash mutsushkakunatacharinatami rikuchin. Chaypakka repúblicallaktayuk kaykunatami wiñachina, chaypimikikin munaykuna rurarin. Kayta rurankapakaaynirinapash rimanakuypi chimpapuranaukukunapashmi mutsurin; kaykunapi imamantashina yuyaykuna tiyaktami rikuchichun,shinallatak sapan llaktayukkuna kikin yuyaytariksichishpa atichunpash.

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5. Charishkata mushukllaman wiñachina,Sumak kawsayta charinkapa rakina


5.2. Shuklaya mushuk kullkaytawallpay, Sumak kawsaytacharinkapa rakinapash

Kawsaypak mushuk arininakuypichu yallikwatakunapi shina allpapi tiyashkakunatakatuyllawan kawsasha nishpaka, llakimanmichayarinka. Chaymantami, shuktak mushuk ñantiyashkata mirachina, shinallatak kutinchawpinatapash charinatak rikurin.

Kullki kullkayta pushana yachay, kutinrakinapash achka yuyachikunamanta shukñanllami kan, Sumak Kawsay tariyta rikuypikashuktak achka ñankunami tiyana kan.Shinapash, runakuna achka chullayanakuypakmutsurikunata mana paktachishka tiyaypika, ama

allpata llakichishpa katukkunalla kachun amallakipi urmankapa, mushuk kallarik pushayyachaykunata wiñachinami kan.

Wakin republica pacha kawsaypi, maypimi wallpashayachinata munarka, Mamallaktaka manapunkara tarpuk, mana tiyashkata tukuykunamanratikpashmi sakirirka. Rakikpuramantaka achkaallpasapa llankay wasiyukkunapak makillapimisakirik karka, paykunami chakramantasurkushkakunata shuktak Mamallaktakunamankatukkuna karka. Katuna rantinakuna ashtawanpaskariypash dolarizaciónpash shukkunallaashtawan charik tukuktami ukuyachirka;paykunaka wallpaywan llankashkakunapikapukyachiktami rikurka: paykunami kaypushay yachaywanka allikarishpa sakirishkakuna(5.1. shuyu).

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5.1. shuyu: Kullkayta kamachichishkakuna, imalaya Mamallakta

llankana yuyaykunawan pushakkunapash

Sapi: SENPLADES/ Subsecretaría de Reforma Democrática del Estado, 2009.

Rurashka: SENPLADES, 2009.


5.3. Mushuk pushay yachaykullkaypak tatkikuna, suniwatakunapi kutin rakinapash

Allpapi tiyakkunallata katuk kanamanta,kapukyachik llankayman yaykurinata kimiriushachina kana, ashtawan kapukkunata mirachikkana. Alli llankaykunata wiñachinaka manaashtawan sakishpa katinachu kan. Mana ashawatakunapaklla kanchun ruranami kan,ashtawan achka watakuna kipapakpash kayñanta alliman, wichiyashpa katinkapakpashruraykunami kan.

Mamallaktaka tawkasami kawsayta charimantamiashtawan alli rikurin, ashtawan allimi kanman,kay charinata chawchak kashpa, shinacharirayanawan kikin kapukchik wasikunatawasichichun, bio y nano tecnología shutiwanimapipash alli churaymanta rikuchin. Kay shinarikuymantaka pushay yachayka asha watakunakipapak achka watakuna kipapakmi awarishka;llaktakunaka kawsay riksikkuna kachun, llaktasumak kuskakkunapash kachun rikuchin.

Tukuypi wiñarikukkunawan rikushpaka, kaypushay yachayka riksimantakmi yachayrimanakuyta, willaykunata, amawtayta,sumakrurayta, pukuy32 mushukyarikunatapashtantachin.

Kay pachakunapika Sumak Kawsay chawpikallaktakunapi kawsakkunapak mutsuykunatatakpaktachiymi kan, shina ima tiyakkuna miraritakipakunakama charirayachun. Shukllayay,mitsakay pachapipash wiñayta mashkak karka,kipata wikipi wikipi rakik karkakuna. Kunankayanapanakuy, rantiranti pachakunapikapukuchishpa rakinatami mashkan, shinallatakpukuchishpa tikra rakinatapashmi mashkarin.Shina rikuymantaka, kikin kullkikamay, llaktakullkikamaykunami hillaykunashina tukun, kaycharishkakunata tikra rakinapi, kutinyaykuchinkapa, churankapakpash mashkan.

Chawpi mitapak llankayñan wachukuna, 16watamanta 20 watakama sirik pushayyachaywan, washan washan paktan, chaykachusku hatun pacha patakunatami riksin (5.2.shuyu).

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32 Yuyarinami kanchik, “shuk patsak tukuylaya wiwakuna, yurakunamanta, 90% patsakri yuyukunaka África, Asia,Abya-Yala kullasuyupi, kunuklla, rupaklla allpakunapimi wiñashka kan. Kaypimi runa ayllukunamanta sumakyachaykuna shamushkata yapana. Allpa pachapi, tukuylaya yurakunamanta, sapan kimsamanta ishkay yurakunakamuyuntin, asha muyuntin wakcha llaktakunapimi wiñan. 7000 yalli yurakunami hampikuna kan. Kay yura hampiyachaywanmi hatun mama llaktapika chapushpa shuktak hampikunata surkushkakuna. Kay patsak watanpika, ayllullaktakunami kikin sumak chakraykunawan, hampi ruraykunawan, tarpuy kapukkamayta, hampikkapukkamayukunata, sami wiñak kapukkamayukkunatapash yanapashka (…) Hatun hampi kapukamayukuna, mikuykapukamayukkuna, tukuy wiñari kapukamayukunapash, ñukanchik ayllu llakta hampi, mikuna yachaykunatahapishkakuna; chaykunamantaka, nima kullkita mana kushpa, ashtawankarin, paykunapak shutipi churashpa,katunkapak llukchishkakuna (Boaventura de Sousa Santos, 2003: 146) willak.


Kallari tatkipika, kullkachiypi rikushka kan,shinapash allpamanta llukshikkunallatakatuywanmi kullkiyaymantaka charirayakkunakan; kay muyuypika shuktakyarinapa chawpishinatami rikun, kutin rakinapimi ukuyan.Shuktak Mamallaktakunamantarantimushkakunata33 rikurayashpa, rantimamallakta ruraypi kullkita churana34,llaktakunapi sumak kuskaykuna tukuykunapakkullkichuraykunapash tukun, llikarikpukuykunata mirachichun, Mamallakta

kapuchikta tankankapak tiksin. Shina zirmaurmapi shuktakyachinkapa, ashtawan charinawiñaypak kuyunmi35 kan. Kay kallari patapikakikin yachaywan ruray yachayta shuktakyachina,ashtawan yachayta tukuchinkapak kan, shuktakMamallaktakunapi kullkita churana. Shinallatak,ayllullakta sumakta kuskaykunami manakunkashkatak kay patapika kan. Kayrikuymantaka, llankayta wiñachikkunakaumayachishkakunami kanka, shinallatak shuktakyanapanakuyta, kullkikamaypi kakkunapash

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5.2. shuyu: Kawsaypak tiksi mutsurikkunata charinkapa

charirayana pushay yachaypak tatkikuna

Sapi: SENPLADES, 2009.


33 Tukuyta, shuktak mama llaktakunamanta rantikunapak rantinaka, ashtawanka kay mushuk wiñarikkapukkamaykunatami sinchiyachina: yana wirawan ruraykuna; wiñarikunawan ninachiy, wiñarikunawan kuyuchiy;hillay llankay; wiñary hampi, katuna hampi, harana hampi; bioquímica; hardware y software; allpa kawsaytamitachikkuna. Chaymanta kapukunapi ashtawan llankayta churana kanchik, shina mushuk llankakkunatacharinkapak, shinallata ima mutsushkata paktankapak imashinami (wakchakunaman ashtawan wasichina),mikuykuna, maki hapishka challwa, maki ruray, kushikay purikachay, away, ushuta ruraypash.

34 Shuk munay ushayka –tukuy hawa– Mamallakta ruraykunapi kullki mutsurishkata churana, mamallakta ukupiwakaychishkawan.

35 Achik kuyuchiy kapukunata ruray ushashpa, millpushpapash (consumo), pachamamata ama wakllichishpa, kutinkutin ninachiykunata wakaychishpa, ashalla millpushpa alli llankana kan.

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Mamallakta mikuy kikinllaywan, llaktayukkuna36

tiksi mutsuykunata paktanapash.

Ishkayniki patapika, Mamallakta kapuchikmiallpamanta surkushpaka kullkita kamaywanchimpapurakpi ashtawan llashak tukun, shinapuchukanamanta sakirik sinchikaytami mashkan;ashtawankarin chuya sinchikayta, kawsay kuyuchiy37

pukuchinata puchukaytapash mashkan.Ayllullaktapak sumak kuskay ushaywanmicharikyana pushay yachayta wiñachin, shinakikin pukuchiwan mana tukurishpapuchukarikkunataka, kutin yanapanakukkullkikamaytami rakin. Kaykunataka kunanllawiñarikuk kapuchikkunawan tinkichun yuyan,yachaypushaypika taripaykunapi kullki churaytawiñariytapash umayachin; kimsapura makitakunakuykunawan, hatun yachay wasikuwan,kapuchik (kikinpaklla mana kashpapashtukuykunapak kak), wasikunawan taripaypillankay wasikunawanpash yuyan. Shinarikuypika, hatun yachay wasi sinchiyarina,shinallatak shuktak alli taripaypi llankakukukunawanmi llankashka kanka. Mamallaktakullkiyayta wiñachinataka kaykamanmipunkarata, mana kashpapash punkaratasurkuyllapi warkurishpa minería llankayllawankullkita charishun ninkuna.

Kimsaniki pataka, shuktak Mamallaktamantarantina katunata tawkayachin, shukpaktarantichinpash. Ukuman mutsurishka atikunatakapuchikkuna paktachishkakipa,puchukaykunata shuktak Mamallaktakunamankatunata wiñachin. Kaypipash allpamantasurkunawan katuykunatami shukpakrantichishpa, ashtawan chanikkunata rurashpakatunata ruran. Mamallakta kapuchikkaallpamanta llukshichiwan, katurik

kullkikamaywan paktami llashakrayakpak ruran.Amawtaypi, ruray yachaypi kullki churaykaashtawan mushuk pukuykunata mirachipakmikana, shina kapuchikkuna shuktakMamallaktamanta ranti, kallaripika shukpakrantirichun mashkarka.

Chuskuniki patapika, bio-servicios shutiwanriksirikpash, ruray yachaypash wichiyarinatamimashkan. Shinami riksikun, shinallatak llaktasumak kuskaykunapash kullkita charichikallpamanta surkuywan, hatunawan rikukpikaashtawan hawaman kanatami mashkan.Yachaymanta rurarinakuna, kayllatatakyanapaykunaka kunanlla shukniki patapi wiñarikkapukkamaykunawanmi rikunata charin.

Shina rikuypika, pachamamapi EcuadorMamallaktata kikinllaywan, yaykurinapushayyachayka Mamallakta ukuman imashinatiksi mutsurishkakunata paktachinapimi tiyan,shinami wiñaykawsaypi tukumushka, maypimi,kullkillapi yuyay kataywan, ima arininakuyruraykunapash chaypi ima niktarak shuyakkarkakuna.

Ecuador mamallakta, llaktakunapash tiksimutsurishkakunata paktachinata mashkan,shinapash pushayyachayka ashtawan shukshinacharikta mirachiman chayanata munan; shinasinchiyachinaka tukuykuna ayninakuywan,tukuykunapak mashkay yuyaywan sinchiyachishkamikana. Shinami ishkay panta yuyaykunatapakinata munan:

a) chariraywan mutsuykunapa paktachiwan;

b) allita ruraywan, rakiwan pakinata mashkan.

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36 Kay 2009-2013 watanpi imashinalla imakunata rurana kashkata, chay kati killkaypimi sumakta willanka.37 Chayta rurankapak kullkita churashpa, shukniki imashina ruranapimi sinchiyana kan.


Kikin ukupi wacharik pushay yachay paktachunka,Mamallaktapak kallarik llankaykatina rurarikrikmana rurarikrikta rikuna, mutsushkakunatatukuykunapak llankaypi (2009-2013) watakunapipaktak kanka, yuyaypitak llankarishkakashpallami wataririnka; Mamallakta pushayllaktayta yanapaypak mana yanapaypak ushayyuktantanakuykunapipash tiyanmi; kamaywasikawsay purina pachapi imashinalla katikuypaktay mana paktakpika rikunata charinmi.

Kallaripi kikin ukupi wacharik pushayyachaypaktaypak mutsushkata paktachin, kunanpachapakka chunka ishkay pushay yachaypimiimashina kakta rikurin, kayllatakmi katik kimsamitapak tiksikunaka sapiyarin.

6.1. Kapukyachik ñankunatakimirichina, charishkakunatakutin rakinapash imalayakikin charishkatashuktakyachina, tantarinapash

Tukuykuna munashka kashpapash, kullkipakkuyurik llankayta ashtawan rakik Mamallaktakunami,mana ashtawan wiñarinkuna, ashtawanpashpaypak wiñariymi tukuypi pakta pachapashtukuypura ushayyukpash kan, kaymi runakanchapaktapura kanatapash kun.

Mamallaktapa Kamachikka tukuypura imatarurachik hillayta allpapi sarushpatak ñawpakmantankayta yuyachin; allpata, yakuta, killalla kakkullkipak kuyurina llankaytapash purichinkapayuyarishka. Rurashka kapukkuna, makirurashka,mitachi, chakrakamay llika, ayllullaktaruraytukushkata allikachina; makillawanchalway, llakta ayllu chakray, kullkiyaytapashmiñawpakman pushanka; pukuchinata, runa

kawsayta, tantanakuy sinchiyarinata, tukuypuraima paktanatapash charichun pushanka;runakuna chaypikay, allpa pachapitiyakkunatapash tawkayachishpamipushankapash. Kaytaka kutin tikra rakinatasinchiyachishpami rurarinka: kullkimañachikunata ushachina, sumak ruray, llankayyachay, shuktakpuramantapash ñawpakmanpusharinkami. Ashtawan mintalayta, kapuk kututinkinakuyta rikurayashpa pukuchik, puchukakyanapanakuytapash tankankami. Shinallatakkawsaypak alli yachaypash alliyaypash, wasi,mikuy, churarinakuna, imalla mutsurishkakunatapukuchik mirachik llankaywan paktachinkami.

Kay pushayyachayka allpa tarpuypimi ashtawansarun, maypimi kullkillapi yuyak llaktay llakimanyaman apashka. Shinapash, kawsaypakmutsurishkakunata tarinkapak shuktak mikunarurak wasiwan, tukuykunapak wasichinawan,ama mapa kawsankapak pachamayachinata,makiruraykunata (chalwaypash kaypi kan),awaypash, ushuta ruraypash, tukuypak sumakriksinata ñawpakman kuyuchinkami.

6.2. Mamakullkimanta yachaytamushukyachiy, murukunataakllashpa shuktakMamallaktamantayaykuchimuy

Ecuador llaktapika, Sumak Kawsaymanchayanataka kullkinkapak allpapi imatiyashkallata surkushpa shuktakMamallaktakunaman katuklla kashkamantaharkashkami kan, shinami shukkunallacharikyayta, allpamama llika llakitukuytapashmirachin. Shinami llaktata pushayka manapaktayachak llankayta harkachin, mana

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yachashpa llankaytapash huntaywanmikallarimanta tinkishka kan. Shina kaykallankaymanta ashalla kullki hapinata uniyachin,chaymanta wasipi ima mutsurikkunata tarinallashakyarin; kullkikarin mana wakichiritukunchu. Irkilla wasi mutsurikkunata tariwankaMamallaktapi katuna rantinakunaka mana paktawiñariy tukunchu, chaymantami, kanchamankatuykunalla ashtawan tantarin. KaymiMamallaktataka kanchamanta ima shamuktachapakllata ruran, shinami kanchamantaashtawan llapikpi Mamallakta kullkiyay irkiyayrikurin, imallata rantinkapakpash kullki manapaktanchu. Puchukaypika, shina kullkiyaytaapayka, washaman pukuy uriyamuywanmi rikurikkan, maypimi kullki pukuchinaka ashtawanmana mirarik rikurin.

Mirachishpakarin, Mamallakta kullkikamaypiama llaki tukunkapa dolarizacionka mana kullkichimpapurayta sakinchu, katuna rantinapichanikuna kuyurishkamantami shina kan.Kashna kullki apayka kanchamantairkiyachinmi. Chaymantami imallata shuktakllaktakunamanta Mamallaktapak rantinakunatashukpak ranti churashpa rantina tukun, manaasha punchakunakamalla kipawatakunakamallapash Mamallakta apayllatukuchun, ashtawankarin, kanchamantallakirurayta kumurichinkapak, Mamallaktakullkikamayta sinchiyachinkapakpashmi kan.

Shuktak mushuk ñanmi kan, katuy rantikunapakwashan yanapanakuyta rikuray ashtawan kullkitamirachinakuchun, Mamallakta ukupi llankaywiñarichun shinapash Mamallaktakunapurakatuy rantinakuytapash ama kunkarishpallallankachun. Kay rikurayayka yachakkunapakllankaykunata mirachichun, llankashkamantaashawan kullkikuna hapitukuchun, chaymantarantinatapash kullkita wakaychitapashtarichunmi yuyarishka kan. Wasi imamutsurishkakuna ashtawan mirariwankaMamallakta ukupi kullkikuna ashtawankuyuripakmi kan, shina kullkipukuy kapuchiychutarinmanmi. Kaymi ama shuktak Mamallaktayanapayllata shuyakuyta uriyachin, shinallatakkanchamanta kullkikuna mana pakta yaykunapillaki urmaytapash ashallayachin. Puchukaypika,shina kullkiyayka Mamallakta ukupi washamanaysanakuchishpa llakikunamanta llukshiktamiruran; pukuyta mirachiy paktanamanchayachinpash.

Kullki kamaymi ima ruraytukushkallamanshitariyta asha pachakunakama allikachitukun,

shina kanchamanta kullki mirariy yaykumunataaysankapakmi kan. Chanillikapash ashallami,shinami Mamallaktapash wiñariy kallarinka,mayllapi llankanakunata wiñachinka. Kutin,mana shina rurashpaka, chani llikaka ashtawanachka kullki mutsurinami tukun, Mamallaktawiñariyta kallarinapak imalla llankanapakmutsurikkuna illak tukunpash. Kaytukuymantami, imashina kullkikamaytasinchiyachinkapa pushayka Mamallaktayanapayllawan usharin, kaypakka kullkiyanapayyuyaykunawan pushana, shinallataktukuykunapak kakrikpi achka kullkita churana,shina kullkimirarik llankaykunaman shitarichun,ashtawanka kay pushay yachaywanka llankayillakkuna yanaparishka kachun.

Rantichurayka, ima shina kana rikuytapaktachikkunapimi urman: allpamamamanta imatiyakkunatapash hapishpa llankakkuna,allpamamapi tiyakkunawan imatapashrurashkawan llankakkuna, tiyakmanta ashtawansurkukkuna, wallpa kururay, llankay yachaypushaytukuy, yachak llankakkunata hapina,sumakruray wiñariy, shinallatak yachakrunakunata llankachina kan. Ashtawankaykunata charikkunapash kana kan: i)paktamanta ashtawan tarik llankakkunataaysarayakkuna; i) chakramikuy kikinyaytayanapakkuna; iii) ama allpamamatallakichikkuna kachun; iv) kipa watakunapakMamallakta mutsushkakunawan tinkirishkakunakak; shinallatak, v) ama Mamallaktapurallapinakunaraykulla imatapash surkukkunakachun.

6.3. Kapukuna tiyachunmirachina, tawkasamitakanchaman kachana, istamankatukkuna, allpapachamankachaypash

Pukuyta mirachina, pukuyyuktatawkayachinapash asha pachakuna kipallashuktak Mamallaktakunaman katuykunatapashrantinakunatapash mirachinaka, pushayyachaywan yaykurinata, yuyaysapa kana, manakumurikllapash allpamamapi tiyakMamallaktakunaman yaykurinatamipankallayachin. Shina pushay yachayaywanllankayka mushuk chimpapuraypak imakaytamikun, ama mintalay awkanakuyta wiñachichun,yallipacha kullki mañay, llankashkamanta ama

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kullki kunata wichiyachichun. Yachakkunallankaykunapi mutsurimanta achkakuna llankayillak sakirinatami kun, ashtawanpashyanapanakuy ranti rantita, ashalla llakiwanshayarinata, mushukyariy mashkaypi ama llakipiurmashpalla, kullkikamay llikata manawakllichishpalla shuktak Mamallaktapi katuytatarichun, shinallatak wasipi ima mutsurikullkikamay mirarichunpash.

Mushuk imakay pukuymi mutsuykunapakpukushka, ama yalli llankakkunatapashallpamamapi tiyakkunatapash amallakichishpalla paktay tiyakta mashkan.Ashtawan pukushkata hapinaka, chay llankayyanapayllawanpash, mana yalli pachamamallikata llakichinapash, ashtawan pukuymi kan.

Ecuador Mamallaktapika shuktakMamallaktakunaman katunakunakaallpamamamanta surkushkakunami kan,shinallatak mana mushukyachishpallakatunapipashmi kan, shinapash allpamamapitiyakkunata yallipacha llakichishpa surkukpipashmana achka kullki mutsurik kashkamanta shinakan. Shina sami pukushkakunaka, ashtawan,yallik watakunamanta katumuyta rantikkunamañaypipashmi tantarin. Kayka ashtawanmikaturinata walinyachin, murukunata churaykamana katunakuna urmarina mallkuyta manatawkayachinchu. Katuna manyamantarikushpaka, tantarinaka shuk samipipashpukuchichishpa katukkunapipashmi huntarin,kaymi aysarinakuy pukuytaka harkan. Kaytukuymantami kay shina llankaytaka utkachakchunami mutsurin.

Kay pushay yachayka suktakmamallaktakunamanta imallata chikanyachishparanti apamuy wallparik pushay yachaywanpaktatukun. Tantanakuypika, ishkantin,chayllatatak muyurikukpi kullkiyayshuktakyarinata hillayachin: allpamamapitiyashkakunallata katurayay, wakchalla llankakrunakuna, mirarik urmarimuykuna rikurin;llankaymanta ashalla kullkita hapina, wasipimutsurishkakunata kullki illaymanta ashallatarantina tukun. Shuktak mamallakta yanapayllatashuyan; allita chayllapitak muyurinamanchayana: llankay imallawanpash ashtawan

mirachishpa katuna, ashtawan llankayta charikrunakuna, paktaykuna mirarin, llankashkamantaashtawan kullkita chaskina, wasipak imallamutsurikunata mañana, shuktak mamallaktakunataashallata shuyana, ashtawan awkiyanami tukun.

6.4. Pushay yachaywanyaykuchina, allpapachawatupi kachun, Apya-Yalatantarichunpash

Ecuador llaktapi awkiyay tiyarichunkatukuymanmi willachina tukun, ñukanchiktantarinatami churachun mañan. Allpamamapakllaktamanpash, paykunawanpash, hatunyachishpa,yanapachishpapash kachun mañan. Llaktakunakikin ushayta charishkamanta tukuykunapakllankayta llaktaypi, saywashka allpapi, allimikuypi, sinchiyaypi, kullkiyaypi, kullkitapurichina yachaypi, mintalaypi, kawsaypipashimashina nishanishkata rikuchichun mañanmi.

Ecuador llakta, ista mamallaktawan llaktaypaktaypika Mamallaktata kutin kutin kikinwiñachiymi kan, Mamallaktakunapi allpakamachiyta pakta pakta paktachishpa, shuktakMamallakta ushaykunawan pushay yachayta38

rikukmi kan.

Mamallaktapura awkiyaywan rikushpaapanakuypika, achkayachik llikatashuktakyachinata, Mamallakta charishkatarakina, kutin rakinatapashmi mashkan; imarurashkawan mirachishpa katuy kullkiyaytamashkan. Ñukanchik kanllaman pushayyachaykuskapika, asha pachakunapi, paktalla pachawashapi, kipa pacha, washapipash shuk yachaypichay tantanakuy masmapi ñukanchikMamallakta paktaykunawan tantariktamashkaymi kan; shinami, shukpak rantiMamallaktapura kullasuyuta apanakuycharirayakwan paktarinka, Mamallaktata payapushakkunapak huchata washaman sakishpañawpakman rina.

Kay mushuk Mamallaktapura apanakuy tawkamanya yuyayta charichunmi mashkan,kullasuyupi kawsak llaktakuna yaykurishpa

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38 Shuktak ista Mamallaktanta apakkuna, shina: Mamallaktakunata pushakkuna, uchilla llaktakunata pushakkuna,tantanakuykuna, chikan tantanakuykuna, mana Mamallaktanpurapi llankakluna, hatun ista tantariy llankaykuna,shuktakkunapash.

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wankurichunmi mashkan; Mamallaktakunaapanakuyta sinchiyarichunmi yanapan.Shinapash mushuk tantariman manarakpaktashkachu, wiñariypak yanapayman, hayñillaktay rimanakuymanpashmi pushan. Kaykunatashayachinkapak allitak yuyaykuna, Abya-Yalapitantarina yuyayta purichikmi kan. ChaymantamiUNASUR, ALBA, OELAC tantanakuykunakapuntachishka kankuna.

Ecuador llaktami mushuk Arquitectura FinancieraInternacional tantanakuyta shayachinkapakpurichik kan, chaymantami, tawka sami pushayukukuna wiñachinata sinchiyarinatapashpurichin, ima arininakuypakpash manawashayachik kamachiykunawan kanchu, chayllaktakunaka llaktakunapak tiksi mutsuykunatapaktachina chawpipimi shayarin, Mamallaktakikin utka mashkaywan kikin kawsanaallpawanpash wachurin.

Suyu kullkikamak wasikunapak rikuykakullkiwan tikra yanapay llikata wiñachinayuyayta yallinmi, mana shuktak Mamallaktaantakullkita charinayayllachu kan; shinallatakmana suyukunapurapi kullki purinamantachanikuna ashallayaykamallachu chayan. SistemaÚnico de Compensación Comercial Regional(SUCRE) tantanakuyta wiñachinaka amaurmarinkapak, kulla suyupi shuk hillaywantukuymi kan; ama kullki tiyay wakllirichunchimpapurashpa kikinyay yuyaywan kullkitacharina mintalayaykuna tantanakuymi kan.Shinallatak kawsaypitak katuna-rantina hatunkullkisapakunapak makipi kakpi, kullkita yankashitaymanta kishpiychirinami kan. Kaywankimirinaka, shuktak mushuk kullkiyuktantanakuywan, mintalakkunawanpashimakunata katunapi rantinapi tantachichinkami,dolar kullkillata charina, mana kashpapashshuktak kullkita rantinakuypi charina kankami,imamantapash shuyay ashayarimanta chaykullkita charina; kullkita kuk Mamallaktakashpaka ashtawan charikmi tukun.

Mintalaypak mushuk kullki kullkakunataMamallakta allipak paskakpimi shuktakMamallaktamanta murukunatamañarayaytukunka, yachak llankakkunata sapanpachapi mutsurikta wiñachiy tukunchikpash.Kawsaypachapash, allikaypash tawka runapakllika sinchiyarishka kachun. ChaymantamiAcuerdos Comerciales para el Desarrollo shutiwanhillay riksiripi imashina yanapana mintalaypakyaykuna yuyayka may mutsurik kan.

Paktachishpa, karashka kullkita mawkayachina,kamachiy kullkita charina, rikushpalla

kanchamanta akllashpa rantimunkapak kullkitacharina, ista Mamallaktapura arininakushkapikashunkumi kan.

Shuktak kullkiyay pushayyachaymi shukllaruranapak ranti, shuktak chawpipi yaykurinataashallayachin; shuktak Mamallaktakunapikatuna rantinapi yaykurichun, kullki mirariykatikuy achkayachinapash kan. Shina kullkitantanakuy, shuktak tukuykunapurakullkimirachina tantanakuykunamanpashtantanakuna kan, shina kullkita charinallankaypak rantika, runakunapak kawsaysinchiyarichun, tukuy allpaman chayanayuyayyukkuna kachun.

Imatapash shuk ashtawan chaniwancharimushkata, mitachikunata mirachinaka shukchimpapuraymi kan, shuklla, tantarishkapashkullkita kanllaman ama tikramuchunwakaychinaka allimi kan, kullkitaka:sumakruraypi kamarishpa, mañachishpa,charimushkakunapi kullkita wakaychinallami;shinallatak amawtaypi, sumakruraypipashchuranallami kan.

Ecuador llaktaka, may llaktamanpash rinalla,shamunalla kashtatami Mamakamachiy hayñipitukuy runakunaman willankun. Runapuraistatsikni, chikanyachinata, shuktak llaktapikawsanata, tikramunata usharinmi. Tukuyallpapachapi llaktaymanta rimanakuyta,wiñarinakunkapak yanaparinatapash kunmi.

6.5. Hatun yachaytamushukyachina,amawtaywan, sumakruraywan, mushukyuyaywan yachaytamushukyachipash

Hatun yachayta, taripaywan tantarishkatapashtukuykunapak alli kashka kachunmi rikuna kan,kay wiñariyka shukpaklla, tawkakuna kashpapashtukuykunatami kullkipi allita ruran. Ecuadorllaktami Apya-Yala llaktapuramanta rikushpakaashallata hatun yachaymanka kun, chaymantami,tukuykuna yaykuna yuyayka mutsushka kan.Kaywan yanantinchikpi, tukuy kariwarmi kashpayachayman yaykuchun paktachichina kan.

Chaypak shuk nikipika, hatun yachaykunamanyaykunkapak mashna kullkita charishkapashmana imapi rikunata charinchu; kikin kullkitacharinkakama: karashka kullkiwan, kullki

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yanapaywan, asha ashalla kushpa, mañashpapashyachayman yaykunami kan. Tukuypakmiyachana hayñika, mana pipash yanka hatuntukunallachu. Tukurikta rikushpaka, tukuykunayachaykallarichun, yachaypi allichirina llikatapurichinami kan, shina ama munashpallawashayarishpa sakirichun.

Tukuyta hatun yachay kakpipash, yachayukukuna tiyaktaka pakta rikurayanami tiyan,shina tawkakuna tantarik hatun yachaykamaywasikunata rikuna kan; yachanawasikunatukuy pantalla kan, ama chullanyashpayachachichun, sumak amawta yachaytakuchun, ama llakikuna tiyachun, kunan shinallaki kawsaypaklla yachayta katichun,paktakayta mana charik runakunaman alliyachayta kuchun.

Shinallatak shuktak sami iñiykunamanta,kawsaymanta, runakaymanta, llaktaytantarimanta, karikaymanta, warmikaymanta,karipura, warmipura munaymanta, ima shuktakyanka yuyaykunata anchuchishpa, tukuymiyachana hayñita charin. Kayllataka mana hatunyachaypilla rikunachu, tukuy yachay pachamirikunatakmi kan.

Yachay alli kachun, alli rikushka kachun, achikshunkuwan rikushka kachun charirayana.Shinallatak yachashkata, mana yachashkata allirikunami kan; hatun yachana wasikunata allimikan ninkapak, paypak yachana ñankunata,yachayta katinatanapash alli kak mana alli kaktarikunatakmi.

Shinallatak, ashtawan yachakkuna, taripaypiyachakkuna, yachachikpash mashkashkamitukun, paykunaka may alli yuyachik amawtayachayman yaykunka. Shinami Ecuador llaktapillakikunaman kimirik taripayta rurashpallukshichinka.

Shuktakpika, hatun yachay wasikunapi rurariktaripaykunaka, allpapachamanta surkushpakatuna kullkita, shuktakyachinkapaumayaktakmi tukun. Hatun yachay wasikunapitaripay rurashkakunawan, shuktak taripakwasikunawan paykunapak taripayta riksinkapatinkinami tukun; shina rantimantaMamallaktapak kapukwasi yanaparichun.

Mamallaktapi alli taripay mana tiyakpimi,shuktak llaktakunamanta sumakrurayta,yachaytapash yanapachishpa chaskina mutsurin,kayka kawsaypak ima utka mutsurikunataallichinkapa kanka, shinallatak Mamallaktakapukwasikuna sinchiyarichunpash kanka. Tukuy

shuktak Mamallaktakuna kullki churaymisumakrurayukpash, yachayyukpash kana kan;shina kikinpak kururay tukuchun, amashuyakuklla, kumuchishka katinkapami kanpash.

Pachamamapi tawkasami kawsayka shukmantaashtawan allipak chimpurakmi kan,chaymantami sumak kawsaymanta charimushkatiksi kan, taripashkawan llukshichina alli kaktawillana, shina paypak tiyakwan pakta paktakawsay wiñarinakuchun.

Shinallatak, tukuykkunapak pushay yachaymikana kan, runakuna yachaypi kullkita churay,shina Mamallakta yachay illaykunapi yachashpakatichun. Chaypakka hatun yachana alliwasikunapi ashtawan amawtarishpa katina kan,kullki illakpipash yanapay kullkitachaskichunkuna. Kayllapitakmi achiklla pushayyachaykuna tiyana kan, mana yachashka kipaamawtakuna kikin llaktata sakishpa, shuktakMamallaktapi llankanaman ama richun. Ecuadorllaktamanta kariwarmi alli yachakkuna shuktakMamallaktapi llankakuktaka apamunami allikarin. Kay llankay ñanpika Mamallaktakayachakukkuna kuyuriytami tankanata charin,ashtawanka hatun yachaykunata tukuchishkawasha yachakukkuna yachaypi rantichirichun,shina suyupurapi yachachikkunata,taripakkunatapash hatun amawtay pallaylinchikunata wiñachina.

Tukuriypika, Mamallakta rurana kashkata,hatun kamachikkuna llankana kashkatakamana shukpak makipi churachinachu (amayanka asha yanapaklla kachun, tukurik chunkawatapi yachaymanta ama llukshishka kachun),paklla tukuypak kak llaktayta rurachun, hatunyachaykuna ama shukpaklla makipi kachun,yachay ama rantina katuna tukuchun.

6.6. Tinkunakuy, willanakushpakawsak runakunamankarumanta willana,riksiykunapash

Sumak Kawsayyuk runakunata wallpana, kaykaTIC hillayta hapishpa willayman, yachayman rikrunakunami kan; mana yalli pukuykunallatamirachinkapak, ashtawanpash tukuylla paktakayta charinkapakmi kan, shina ima ruraypipashtukuylla yaykurik kankapak, kawsaypuratamushukyachinkapakmi kan.Tawkasami kawsaytachanichinkapak, chikanpura kikin kawsaytasinchiyachinkapami kan; pakta rikuypika,tukuykuna hayñiyuk kanata sapiyachinkapak

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paktakaytapash tukuy manyapi rikurayak kachunruranami.

Shina kashpaka, shamuk kimsa watapikaMamallaktapak llankayka kaykunapimi paktallankanata charin: tinkinakuna, antanikikkunatakuna, yachay mushukyarichina, kay Tecnologíasde la Información y Comunicación (TIC) yachaytariksirina, mawkana. Kay llankaykunapi ñawitachuranaka mana kullki rikurikshinatamirikuchinka, kamachikkuna mitachipashallichirik, pukuykuna wiñariypash kuyurikkallarinkami.

Mamallaktaka tinkinakuykuna, karuwillanakuykuna, ima mutsurishkakunapashtukuyman pakta chayachun charina kan, shinaTecnologías de la Información y Comunicación(TIC) tukuykunapak paktaklla kachun. Chaypachallatak, nikichikkunata tukuykunamankunaka, kay tinkinakuy paktachunllami kan,shina yalli mana rukakunawanlla ruraymantakaruyashkakunata kuchuyachinka39; Tecnologíasde la Información y Comunicación (TIC)kakkunata rurana. Chaypakka, ishkay hatunpushayyachaytami charina kan: yachanawasikunapi yachakuk mawrakuna nikikkunamanyaykuchun rurana; kunanlla llukshishka, manakashpapash wiñarishka sumakruraykunata shullkatantarikunaman, shinallatak yachana wasikunakarupi kaymanta, kuchuyachinkapak, shina ayllullaktapak telecentro ukukuna tukuchunruranapash.

Tukuy tinkirinakuypash, nikikkunatacharinapash yachaykuna mushukyarinapak allihillaykunami kan, alli llankaytapash tukuyllallankaytapashmi kun; shina, Tecnologías de laInformación y Comunicación (TIC), yachaywasiman mana rishpalla yachaytami kun, shinayachaymanta ama llukshinkapak, imallatayachanata rikuykuna yachachiktapashchayachinmi. Tecnologías de la Información yComunicación (TIC) ashtawan yachaykaallipashmi kan. Shuk nikipika, yachachikkunayacharaymanta, shinallatak karupi kakayllullaktakunapi yachachina hillaykuna illaktaanchuchik kashkamantapash allimi kan; katiknikipika, shuktak mushuk yachachinapak allihillaykuna yaykurimantami alli kan, kikin

wiñaykawsay yachaymanta rurashkayachaykunawan rurashkamantapash allimi.

Shuktak shinaman rikushpaka, hatun yachanallika pakta shuktakyanami rikurin,yachachikkunata, amawtakunatapash surkuktukuchun, paykunaka Tecnologías de laInformación y Comunicación (TIC) yachakkunamushukyachikpash kachun, pukpu kunka shinakapuk llika40 wiñaykunapi ama harkakkunatukuchun.

6.7. Zirma urmata mushukyachinaEcuador llaktapak zirmayuk urmaka, Mamallaktaallpamamanta mana mushukyachishpallakatushpa kullkiyuk kashkatami rikuchin, shinaachka kullkitami chinkachin, kutin tikrakamutsurik mushukyachishkakunatami rantin.Zirma yupayka Mamallakta pukuchiymantarimashpaka tukuymantaka 90% patsakri zirma41

katuna kashkatami rikuchin. Chaymantaka 96%patsakri punkaramanta, allpa samimantapashllukshik kashkatami rikuchin, mushukyakzirmamantaka (yaku zirmapash, wiwamantapash,yuramantapash llukshik) 4% patsakrimi sakirin.Chaypak ranti, ishkayniki katurik titiyka, 10%patsakri rantinakunami kan; shinamantaka 90%patsakri yallimi punkaramanta llukshichishkakunallakan (GLP, diesel, nafta de alto octano,shuktakkunapash), shinallatak imashina kaktarikushpami zirmatapash shuktakkapukkunatapash (wisisikuna,shuktakkunatapash) rantinchik.

Zirmayuk urmata shuktakyachiyka tawkapakmatami charin:

• Mushukyarik zirmakuna yaykuriktamirachina. Chaypakka, yaku zirmayuyashkakuna mana washayarishpallarurarinami kan; yapaypika, shuktakyuyashka mushukyarik zirmakunatamipurichina kan: allpasami zirma,wiwamanta, yuramanta llukshik zirma,allpayuyu zirma, wayra zirma, intizirmapash kankunami.

• Punkaramanta llukshikkunata rantinaka,paktashka ashallayachimanmi chayachina

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39 Kayka ima rurayta munaymi, lutsankapak munaypash kan.40 Sumak yachaykunawan kak kapukkamaykuna, shinapash ashalla rurashkami rikurin (Katz, 2009: 13) nin.41 Ninan kuyuchiyka 235 hunu mawmaruku yana wira yakutami tukuyta kurka.


kan, Refinería del Pacífico shayachinawanpaktanakunata ashayachina.

• Punkarata mushuk ñutuypi hapishpaka,kayta mana katukmanmi chayarin, shinaashtawanpash punkaramantallukshikkunata katukkuna tukunakaashtawan chanipashmi kan.

• Antawa patmakuna ashtawan zirmakunatatukuchik kashkamanta, ama yankashitakkunatami rurana tukun.Antawakunaka hatun kitikunapika achkallakikunatami ruran, maypimi harkan,wayratapash mapayachinkunami.

• Punkarata shuktakyachishpa kullkishitanata ashayachinaka punchantallankashkami kana; shinallatak rakikunapichinkachikka, alli yachaywan sumakruraywanpash yanka chinkachinatakaanchuchinallami.

• Allitak zirmakunata ruraykatichinakunaka kapukwasi kuskakunapikawsaktapashmi muyurina kan. KayMamallakta kuskami zirma hapinatakaallipash, kuyaywanpash puchukaykashukkuna rikushpa katinalla kana kan.

• Llaktayukkakunaka zirma puchukayta amatukurichun rurankapakka allitami yuyaypicharina kan.

Llankayñanmanta rikushpaka, 2009-2013watakunami ashtawan rikurayana kan, maypimikay hatun yuyaykuna tarpurin, shamukwatakunapak Mamallakta zirmallikatashuktakyachinkapak, ama yanka shitak kachun,paktatak puchukarik, allpamamawanmashiyarikpash kachun; kay wata mitakunakayachaykunawan, rurarikwan mana rurarikwan,shukpak rantikuna alli kak mana alli kaktarikuna, tukuy hatun yachaywan, mashna kullkimutsurikwan, shuktakwanpash wankurikmi kan.

Yapariypika, kipallami, zirmayuk urma yuyashkashukkman kushka ña kallarishkaka katinatakkankuna, shinallatak ruraypaklla uchillayuyashkapash kan. Shina, zirmata wakichikmichakuna kan; mana zirmata yanka shitak wasi,shuktakpurapash kan.

Puchukaypi, tukuy hayñi kikinllayka zirmaawkiyaytapash charinmi, chaymantami, zirmaawkiyay paktachirik pukuchik kakta ashtawanwiñachina tukun, shina kikinllatak zirmayuk kaktukunkapak, zirma wiñachik kankapakpash.

6.8. Hatun kullkipak milka ukupiSumak Kawsaypak kullkitachurana hayñita, paktakaytacharik MamakamachiyyukMamallatapak ukupi hayñitakamanapash

Pushay yachanaka Sumak Kawsayta wiñachinkapakkakimsa hatun paktaykunatami charin.Puntanikimi tukuykunapak pukuykunapashshukkunapak pukuykunapash kullki iñilkunakan, ama yanka shitashpalla kullki wakaychicharirayay kan. Ishkaynikipika kullkiyaytantanakuypash, pakta kawsanakuypash runaruraytukuna imapipash paktak kanamantapaktachimi kan. Kimsanikika, pukuymanta kullkimirarik tantachimi, kayka shukshinalla kullkiyaycharinata shuktakyachinkapakpash kan,imashina kullkikunata tantachinkapakrikuypashmi kan.

Revolución Ciudadana tantanakuypak yachaypushay rikuymantapash, mushuk MamaKamachiy yaykuymantapash, Mamallaktatukuykunapi kullki churay hillayka achkarikurikmi tukun, Sumak Kawsayta paktankapakima muskuykunata tarinkapakmi. TarinapiMamallakta kullkiyay purichiypash,manuypash kay mutsurikkunapi kichkina,shuktakyariykunami, shina Mamallaktakullkiyay llikata charirayachichun.

Rikuchishka shukniki paktaypakka,tukuykunata kamaytami utkamushukyachinatak mutsurin: yallikkunatakamana chinkaripak llankaykunaman,shinallatak kullkichik llankaykunamanmichurakta sakin, shina pukuyta tankachun, kipawatakunapak charirayaytapashsinchiyachichun. Kay uku pukuk kamaycharinaka, allpamanta llukshikkunata katushkakullkikunawanmi yanapashka kanka, shinatukuykunapak ashtawan kullkita charinamantikrachun. Shinami kullki wakichi-kullkichuraytapash pakta kayman apay tukun, yankakatuna-rantinapi kullki shuwaytaanchuchinchun, wakichikushka kullkikunatashuktak Mamallaktakunaman surkuykallarikpi, shina kullkikamay llika paktallankaykunata wiñachiktak kachunrurankapakmi kan.

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Ishkayni rikuchishkapika, kullkitamirachinkapak ima llankayta kuk paktarin, katuytukurikkunapi kullkita churashpami paktarin.Shinami Mamallaktapi kawsakkunataallikachirinka, pakta tukuykuna kawsaytamitsarinkapash. Kaykunata kullki churaykunapiama yarkaywan wañunkapak rikuy tukunchikmi,kallari unkuy illak kawsayta rikuy, kallari yachay,shuktakkunapipash. Shuktakpika, ñawpakmankikinllatak rinata hapirinmi, ruraypitakshukkunallapash tukuy runakunapash paktaypichayarin. Kaykunataka llankaykunatawiñachinkapak rikuytukunchikmi, kullkikunatamañachinkapak, kullkita churaykunapi,shuktakkunapipash.

Tukuykunapak kullkita churaypak kimsanikirikuypika, llikashpa chanik pukuchikkunapimama kullkita tantachinami kan. Kay shinamitantachik kullki churaykunaka, ishkay samikunatukun: Pukuk llikayta aparik wallpa (zirmawiñachiy, willanakuchik antaykuna, chakllichipunkaray, yuyaynikik, antanikik, electrónica/hardware willaypash kan, taripaypash wiñarayakkuna,shuktakkunapash kan), shinallatak tiyakruraytukukkunata ashtawan yachachina(amawtay pakchi, ashtawan yachayyuk kapukyachay tukun, kapukkunata shukman yallichina,shuktakkunapashmi).

6.9. Runakunata yanapaywanyaykuchina, ukllana,hayñita, paktakaytacharik MamakamachiyyukMamallatapak ukupihayñita kamanapash

Kamarayaypak masmana ñankunaka tukuy llaktakawsaykuna wiñarayaypak rikurayanatakmikashka. Kay pushay ñankunami kawsay mirariktawiñaykawsaypitak sakimushka, tukuy pachakawsak runakunapak mañana tukushpa kashka,

shinami tukuypura masmashka hawapirunakunapak sapi hayñitak tukushpa siririn:Kawsay sumakkay hayñi tiyak kawsaykamaymisamarin.

Shina kashpapash, wiñaykawsaypi hatunkullkiyukkuna arininakuywan, kay hayñikunatapakishpa pichashpapash chinkachinatamunashkata rikuy tukunchikmi, shina kawsaymana usharikuna wañuyllaman chayayrikurimuytapash willan.

Llaktaymanta tukuykunapak ruraykachunmunashkakunatapash kullki shukkunallapakmirarichun, washayachik yuyaykunawanmipushayñanta churashkakuna; kayka, shukllarunakunata tukuy runakunatapash kawsay manakawsay ñanmanmi chayachin, hatun kullkitatantachiykunapi aysarishpa kawsaysinchiyarichun nikukpipash charishkakunatatinkinata42 yuyarka. (Peemans, 2002).

Yaykuchiy ñankuna, runakuna ukllay,mushuk arininakuy kawsanakuywanachiklla ñan, shina runakuna ushayta,kullkikamaytapash sinchiyachinaMana llakipi urmanallachu kani yuyaykakamachiykuna tiyaypimi rikunata charin, kaykatukuylla imapipash yaykurinatami apan, shinamirunakunapurapika rantin rantin kawsakkanamanarininakuyta rikuchin, shinapish shina kawsaykamana tukuy chay yuyayllatatak, kawsayllatatakimapipash charinachu kan. Chaypak rantikarantinmanta kuyanakuy tiyaktami wiñachina,maypimi ima tiyakpipash tukuykunachaskichunkuna, imata ruranakunapipash43

tukuykuna yuyayta churanakunapash kanmi.

Kay kishpiyri kawsaytapash llaktayukkaytapashchuranaka pukuykunata rakina purichiywanmikikinyarin, mana mirarik murukunatarakinallawanka: mushuk arininakuy ukupikacharikyanapash, kamachiyuk kanapash chayyuyayllatakmi kan. Kayta paktankapakkashinami yuyaririn:

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42 Mamallakta tukuy runakunapak kashka (alli kawsay, yachakyay, achik, yaku rakina) tukuymi shukkunalla kichun,ñukanchikmi ashtawan alli ruranchik nishpaka, wakcha runakunamanka mana pakta kunchu, iñullatami rakinkuna;Llankaypak hawalla kuyurichinata rurashpaka, llankakkunataka hawallami surkunkuna, ninan kullkiwanka karaytaushaklla shinami rimarin, ashtawanka, shuklla charikyay ushaypi iñishpami tsaknarishpa, tukuy runakunatachullanyachin, urmaypi manchachin.

43 CEPAL (2006) “Kaya minchapak ñawi, kullkikaray, yanaparinakuytapash rikunami”, Montevideo, Uruguay.


• Yanapanarik44 “tukuypurapak saywashkaallpa kullkikamay” sinchiyarinata yuyarin.Mutsurishkakunapitak llankakrikkunatamiashtawankarin yanapanka, shinamikuykunamanta, hampirinamanta, alliyachaykunamanta, wasiruraymantayuyarinka; tawka kawsaypi sinchiyarikkuska kamay, kawsaypachatapashyuyarinka.

• Allikachita, pakta llankaytatukuykunaman mirachichun kutichina,yuyaypilla kak llankayta, shinallatak tawkakullkita mirachinarayku llankaykunatarakina (Coraggio, 2008). Chaypakkallankashkamanta pakta kullkitachaskikkanami mutsurintak, shinallatakmunashka shina tantariy kamachiytacharinapash mutsurin. Ashtawankarintukuykuna yanaparishka kana ukutamushukyachinatakmi ukta mutsurin; kaypimana pakta llankayta charikkunapashyaykurichunkuna, shina: kikinllatakllankayta charikkuna, kullkita manahapishpalla wasikunapi llankakkuna,wakin kawsakkunata rikushpallankakkuna, yuyaykunallawanllankakkuna, kikin mikunkapakllallaktakunapi llankakkunapashyaykuchunmi kawsaykamaymushukyachishka kana kan.

• Tukuykunapak kak runakunapushayyachayta ruraytapash purichikallaritapash, maypimi paktanakunakamana wakchayaymantallukshichinkapaklla kachun, ashtawanpashSumak Kawsayta charichunkamachiykunata paktachiktatak rurana.Chaypakka utkatakmi mutsurin:- tukuylla kamashka kana, ñankunata

ashtawan paskay, chaypakka wiñakukwawakunata yanapana, ashtawanwakcha llaktakunapi yanapankapakkachun.

- tukuykunapak alli yachaykachunyachayta mushukyachina.

- ama unkuywan kawsankapak rikuna,alli wasitapash kuna, willaykunawantinkiri tukuk shinallatak llaktapi imamutsurikkunawan, ama shuwaytiyachun harkakkunawanpash rikuna.

Kullkayay pushayyachay kamaykallaripi kachun, Sumak Kawsaypakkutin rakina, hayñita, paktakayta charikMamakamachiyyuk Mamallatapakukupi hayñita kamanapashMamakamachiymi hayñikunata kamankapahillay kan, kaymi kamachiy imata nikushkatarikuchin, ruraykunata paktachichin,kamachikkuna maykama ruray tukukta rikuchin,shinallatak ushay wallpatapash rikuchinmi; shinamayhan runa, kamachik, kuskachik kashpapashrurana mana ruranakunata rikuchin.Mamakamachiypi tiyakuk hayñikunaka maykamapushakushkakunata kumuchik tukukta rikuchin;shinallatak paywan pushakukkunawan llankanatarikuchikpashmi kan. Kaykunaka achkahatarikunawan manarak Mamallaktay tiyaypikakkunata alli mañaykunami, ashtawanMamallakta ashtawan alli kakkunami kan.Tukuylla ushayyukkunata imallata rurana manaruranakunatapash rikuchin, kamachiykunatukuypaktak paktachishka kachun.

“Paktachiktak” shimika hayñikunapak rikurikruraytami kun, shinami runakuna imalla washarurarishpa katinakunata, Mamakamachiykamachishkakunata, kullkikamaykamachiykunatapash arininata rikuchin, shinatukuykuna hayñikunawan mitsarinata rikuchin.

Kaywanmi kimsa rikuykunapi Mamallaktayaykurinata paktachichun tankayta mashkan:hatun kallarikunapi charirik allishunku yuyayrunahayñikuna, rurariykuy ñan yuyaykuna,nishun ninchik, Mamallakta runakunawanpashllaktakkunawanpash rimanakuy tiyachun, shinakay yuyarinakushka kamachiykunapi tiyarichun.Shinallatak kaykunata pushayyachayhillaykunata rurankapak kun. Shuktak hatunyuyayka kawsaykamaywan rikunata charikmikan, chayrayku paktaykunaka kaykunami rikurin:

• Tukuy llakta runakunapak kuskaytapaktachinkapak Mamakamachiykamakkunata wiñachina. Chaypakkakuskay ñankunata allichina, ashtawankatukuy hayñikunawan rikushpa wanachina,chaypaka paktakay llikatamushukyachinatami sinchiyachina kan,wanachina paktakayta, llankana

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44 Coraggio: “Katuna rantinayuk runakunatami munachik, katuna rantinapak runakunata mana munanchikchu ninmi.Paykunalla alli rantinkapak, katunkapak kamachiyuk llankak wasinka, tukuy ñukanchik charikyachun mana imatarikuchi ushanchu. Rantinapak hatunapaklla munay kallari ruraywanka, tukuypak humpi llankaywanmi,chullanyashpa ñawpakman rinkuna, shuk runakunataka yapatami wakchayachishpa ushayta katunkuna, ayllullaktarunakunata rakirichinmi, allpamamapi tukuy ima wiñashkata wakllichintami ruraypika ña rikushkanchik. Ñukanchikpaktayka kunan karkushkakunata chay llaki pachapi yaykuchinaka mana kanchu” (Coraggio: 2008).


paktakaytapash sinchiyachinami kan,shinallatak Mamakamachiywanpaktakayta ruranatapash paskanami kan,kariwarmi kishpichikkunawan katishpaukllana ñanta hatunyachina.

• Tukuylla llaktayukkuna kikinkamachikunata riksichun, yachachun,hayñikunawan mitsarichun riksichina,yachakchayachinami.

• Runa ayllullaktakunapak kikinpaktakaykunata, kamachiykunatapashriksishpa, arinishpa, mushukMamallaktaypak tawka kamachiyritasinchiyachinami illan.

• Kamaypak rikuyka hayñikunata imashinallaktapi purichina yachaypushaytarikuchikmi kan, shinami tukuykunapikullkichuraymanta, Mamallakta amakunkashpalla ñawpa yuparikwanyanapana, kayka tukuykunapak yuyaywan,arininakuywanpash surkushkami kana kan.

6.10. Iñilyay, wakaychiy,pachamama charimushkapakyachay, tukuypak riksiytamirachinapash

Tawkasami kawsayta charik runakunapakpachamamaman yaykuna hayñita riksirimanta,chaytaka tawka laya kawsayta charik runakuna,kawsay markakuna pachamamata rikuytamiriksin, imashinatak kumuykuna paktakaywanallpamamata mana llakichishpapash sumaktakawsarinka, kay tapuymi rikurin.

Mamallaktapi kunan llaktayka, llankarikukyuyashka pushayyachay, allpamamamantasurkushpalla kawsana, shuktak yanapachunllashuyakuklla, saywashka allpa tampulkaymantashuktak ima allpamamapi tiyaktapash kuyaywansurkuna kashpa, ima charishkakunatapashyuyaywan hapik kashpa. Shina Mamallaktapirunakuna achka mirarinata rikushpa awkikaymikuyta paktachikpash kana. Pachamamatamitsashpa, yalli tamyaymanta, usyaymantapash,allpamama llakipi urmanamanta ima shinamitsarinata rikuna. Tukuykuna yuyaykunatachuraywan paykuna arininakuywanpashllankayñanta wiñachichina. Shina rikuymanta,shamuk chusku watapak sapiyarik yuyaykunatallankaypi yanapaykunaka kaykunami kan:

• Shuknikipika, charimushkakunata tukuypirikuna, allpamamapi tiyak millkakunatakuyaywan rikurayana, charikallarina.

Ashtawankarin mitsashka millkakunata,kaykunapi yallitak wiwakuna, kiwa,yurakuna, chiwlla wayrapash tiyakkashkamanta riksina kan. Shinallatakrunakuna kikinllapash, tawkapurapash,tukuypurapash charimushkakunapiimashina yaykurikta rikuna.

• Ishkaynikipi kak llankayka kimsaimashina kanata rikuymanta llakta allpapi,yakukunapi, wayrapipash tiyakmapakunatami pichana, anchuchina kan;shinallatak kitillaktakunamanta,llaktakunamanta, mamakuchamantapashunkuykuna ama rikurichun kamana.Shinallatak Mamallaktapi tawkakawsaykuna mayllarikta kunakaallitakmi kan.

• Kimsanikipi rikurik llankaykakullkikamayman yaykurina yuyaymi kan.Kay yaykurinapika imashina pachamamapitiyakkunata surkushpa kullkimanta kipatallakikuna chayamuktaka tukuyllamiaparina kan. Shina rikuymantamiMamallakta tukuykunapakpushayyachayka allpamama amallakitukuchun llankayta tankak kanka.Llaki tukukrikkunapakpika imashinaashalla llakikuna tiyachun llankaytamirurana kan. Kunanpika Yasuní- ITTyuyashkami tiyakun.

• Chuskunikipika yakumi tukuykunapakhayñipash, Mamallaktapi tukuy runakunacharimushka shinata rikushkapash kan.Mamallakta yakuta, rasuta, waksipashyaku kakta paktachinatak chariraymi kan,shinallatak mana mapa kakta, amaashayariktapash charirayanami; kayyakutaka tukuykuna mutsiriyta rikushpakarana, ashtawankarin runakuna mutsuypipunta kachun, ama yanka shitakkunakankapak, ama mapayaktacharinkapakpash rikunami kan.

• Pichkaniki llankayka pachamamacharishka kuskakunatañawpachinamantami riman,ashtawankarin tukuypak kakta rikushpa,shina kullkita aysay llankay kachun,sumak munanayak rikukunayukayllullaktakuna tiyaymanta rikuna kan.Kayka yachaytapash, pukllaytapash,llankaytapash, kullki rakinatapash kukkashkatami nin.

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6.11.Wiñachiypash, saywashkaallpata kamchiyna, manañitirina, karumanyallichiypash

Wakinkipa, llankay kamay rakishka kawsanallaktami nisha nin. Shinapash, shuktakyuyaykunata kuy tukunmi, shina:mayupatakunata, kullkiy kuskakunata, kikintawka kawsanmanta llaktakunata shukkawsayman apaypash. Shinallatak suyushimipash tawka yuyaykunawan rimarishka kaytukun: shuk shina rikuykunata chayllatatakhamutayaymanta, kullki tarina llamkaypichikanyarinakuy, mana kashpapash shuk kitipikawsak tantariymanta. Shinallatak,mañaymashkaymanta rikushpa, pushayyachaymanta rikushpapash. Ecuador llaktapirikushpaka kimsa sami suyukunami taririn:allpakamay suyukuna, Mamallakta pushakrikunawan llankayñan suyukuna. Mamakamachiypinikuk shina, kay ukupillatak kikinllatakkamachiyta pushaytapash wiñachikukllaktakunapash kankunami.

Kay pushay yachayka saywashka allpapuracharishkakunata tikra rakinakuna, Ecuadorllaktapak allpakunata tikrachina ñantamimañan. Mashkaymañaypash llankayñanpakpashtukuykunapak pushayñanta tantachishpamimayta Ecuador llaktapak allpapi llankashpakatinata rikuchin, shina rantinmantaMamallakta pushaywan sinchiyachishpallankankapak.

Tukuy Mamallaktapak allpata tawkashunkuyuk kachun wallpay, tinkirinakuy,paktarinakuyta ñawpakman apayImapak ashtawan alli kak shinatami llaktaallpakunataka rikuna kan, shinallataktukuykunapura ima mutsuykunatapashpaktakkuna kachun llakta allpatakayanantinchishpami tinkichina kan. Shinamikawsaypak hampirinata, yachaykunata, allimikuyta, sumak wasimuyuntinta, pukuchinahillaykunata, ima mutsurishkakunatapashtukuylla charichun kuyuchina. Kaypakkatawkapura Mamallakta allpakunapuramitantachina tukun, ashtawankarin llaktaukumantatak wiñarinkapak linchikunatapashmiwiñachina tukun. Kaypakka mishanatalla, manayanantirikllata, shukkunaka chaskikkunashuktakkunaka kichuchikkunallata yuyashparimaykunatami shuktakyachina tukun.

Kawsana llaktata rikuyka chunka ishkay SumakKawsay paktanawanmi awarin. Kaypakka tawkañankunawanmi chayarin, shina runakunakawsana, Mamallakta tawka shunkuyuk,tinkirishka, yanantirikpash wallpa tukuchun.Kaytaka shuk kawsaykunawan kawsakkuna:michata, yakuta, mapakuna kachanatapashcharinawanmi pakta tukurikta mashkan.Shinallatak kuyurina, willanakuna, allpakunapialli llankakunata rurana. Kawsana llakta yachaypushaypika shuk chakatarik yuyaymikapukchikpi45, imawan mashnata surkunapi,pukuchishpa llankakkunapi yanapaykunapipashtiyan; shinallatak tariypanapi, mushukyarinapimashkan; amawtaypi, sumak ruraypipashtiyanmi. Kay tukuykunaka yachashkakunawan,kawsana llakta tiyashkawan kikinruraytukuykunawan tinkurikmi kanata charin.

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45 Ashtawanka tukuy runakunaman llankay rurari tiyachun, kullki rurari, kapu rurari kullkaripash tiyachun yuyana, amakullkimanta kullki surkunapilla, pachamama kapukunata millpunapilla yuyarishpa.

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Kawsana llaktakunata hamutayka chaypikawsakkunapak yuyaykunata hapishpa, imashinatantanakuykuna awarinakukta rikushpami riksin,ñawpa watakunamanta kawsamukkunakashkamanta shuk shina kawsayta, yuyaytapashcharikkunata rikushpami paktaritukun. Shinatawkapura, chikan samipura, kawsaypurakawsaykunatapash yachashpa riksin.

Yaparikpika, kawsana llaktata rikuypikakanchaman paskarikta, ukumanpaskariktapashmi rikun. Ecuador llaktatakaallpapachaman awkiyay pushayyachay yachaktarurashpami churan. Ruraykunata kukpashushaykunata yallichikpash Mamallaktakatikllamanmi churan. Shinallatak, chaypikanatinkiriklla llankayñanwan, tukuykunapurayuyarinakushka mashkayñanwanmi ushan.

Karu llaktapi Sumak Kawsay46

Mamallakta pushana shamuk watakunapakruraykatipika, ayllullaktakunapi Sumak Kawsay

tiyachun nikunmi, shina rikuyka ayllullaktaallpakunapi chakraklla rikuymanta,ayllullaktakunapash kullkiypak kashkatashuktak llaktakunawan yallichinami.Kamachiyukmantatak, chakraywan,makiruraykunawan, wasiruraykunawan, tawkawasi ukupi kullki mutsuyta allichinkapakllankaykunawanpash tinkirishkami kan.

Ayllullakta Sumak Kawsayman chayayka chaypikawsakkuna ima charishkakuna kuyurinatamimutsun (kikinllatak wiñarik, kakkuna, kullkitapurichiykuna, runakuna, tukuykunapak kakkuna,kawsaypi kikin wiñachishkakunapash) ushana.Shinallatak llankachikkunaman tukuyllayaykurita (yaku, allpa, mama kullki, yachaykuna)paktana. Katuna rantina ama wakllichichunyanapaykunawan, yachaywan, hampikunawanyanapankapak yaykunata tukuykunamankawsaywan, kawsaypurawan, amawtaywan,sumak ruyaywan, chinkarikuk yachaykunatañawpa kawsakkunapak riksinakunata

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46 Kaytaka Chiriboga, Manuel (2008) killkashkapi sapiyashka taririn. Mamallaktapak purun llaktapi (rural)wiñarinkapak llankayñankuna, MIES-PRODER, Quito; Hidalgo, Francisco (2009), Kikinyay mikuna tiyachunllankayñankuna killkashka, SENPLADES, Quito; SENPLADES (2009) Imashina rurana purun llaktanpi Alli Kawsaytiyachun, Quito.

6.1. shuyu: Mamallaktapak allpata chakata pushayyachayyuk Mamallakta Paktay Yuyaykuna

Sapi: SENPLADES, 2009

Rurashka: SENPLADES


hatarichina, tantanakuykunata purichitapashpaskana, shuktakkunatapash ruranami SumakKawsay kan.

Ayllullakta Sumak Kawsay rikuyka kuskakunapichakrachik, wiwakunata mirachina pushayyachayman mana chikanyachikchu, shinapashkayka ashtawan hatun rikuymanta paktachinmi.Pakllapi kawsak llaktakunata riksina yuyayukupimi kallaripi kan. Shinami warmikunawakchayay ashtawan hatun kutin riksiriyuyarayana tukun.

Shinallatak, ayllullakta Sumak Kawsayka,ayllullakta ashtawan hatun kak yuyayta karumankawsakkunatapash tantachishpa charinatamimutsun. Shinallatak uchillapash

maltallapash llaktakunata, kitikunatapash,maypimi kikin kullkiyaypash, kawsaypash allpapiima tiyakkunawan chakraykunawanpash allitaktantanakushka kan.

Kay tukuypimi kullkita charina llankaykunaimashina allpapi tiyak hillaykunata kumuchiktatupuna tukun, shina shamuk watakunapichinkarinapak ranti ashtawan mirarikllankaykunata ayllu llaktakunapak rikuna tukun.

Paltashpa rikuypika, ayllullaktakunamantamiMamallaktapi tukuykuna mikunapakkachakrakunami rikurin. Tiksi Sumak Mikuykarunakuna imata pukuchina, imashina pukuchina,maypi pukuchina, pipak pukuchina,ashtawankarin ashalla tarpushkata tantashpatukuykuna mikuchun llankakkunatayanapanami. Kay tukuyta rikushpa pakta, sumak,mana chinkariklla, mintalay llikapipashpukuchikkunataka paktatak paktachipakkunatarikushpa yanapanami.

Llankayñan wiñariyta, saywashkaallpapak kamachiyta sinchiyachinaMamallaktapi kawsana llaktata pushayyachayka,kawsana llaktapak llankayñan ruraymanta kutinmushukyachikukmantapash nikukmi kan.Shinami pushay patakunata rikushpa suyururaykatipipash, wiñarina llankayñankunapi,kawsana llaktapi nikichinakunapi chikan chikanllankay ñankunatami rikuchin.

Rurayta katikunaka tukuykunapakmañaymashkaypak hillaykunami. Kaykunakaimalla ruraytukuk saywashka allpakuna kaktayachashkamanta llaktaytapash tukuykunapakkullki churaytapash rikuchikmi kan, shina llaktaimashina ñawpakman riyta arininakunkapak,saywashka allpa imashina tinkirishka

sakirikrikta sapan sukukunapi rikushpapashmakita churankapashmi. Kay llakayñan nikipikaashtawan rikuykunaka kaykunapimi urman:tawka sami pukuchikunata ñawpakman pushay,pachamamayak mañaymashkayta, mayu patatamitsashka milkakunata rikurayashpa tankana;kamachiykunata ashtawantakka hapirinapi,yachaypi, allimikuypi, wasi kuy ruraykunapitukuykunapak paktachichishpatak; mayllapillakta allpakuna tantarinata kullkichuraywanwallpana, shinallatak Mamallaktapi rikurikyuyashka hatun llankayñankunata rurana.

Mamakamachiyka tukuy Mamallaktapushaykunami wiñariy llankayñankunata,shinallatak kawsana llakta nikichiykunatapashrurana nikunmi. Shinallatak kawsana llakta 293kamachiypi kikin pusharik llaktakunapakkullkikunataka Mamallakta Wiñariy PaktayYuyaypi nikukshinami kullkikunataka kurinkanikunmi. Kaypakka tukuykunapakruraykunapimi chayarinakushka kana kan.Kawsana llaktapi llankayñanka, kawsana llaktaimayuk kayta pakta rikuytami mutsun, shinamashnakashka willaykuna, mayllapi kashkawillaykunapash mutsushka pachapaktaktiyachun, kikin mawkashka, katirashka,rikurashkapash kachun.

Karuman yallichina, mana ñitiriy,mañaymashkayta sinchiyachiy,saywashka allpapi kamachiynaUshaykunata tikra rakinkapak mushuk katinallakimirina ushaypi tiyakukkunami ruraykunatakunapash, ushaykunata yallichinapash kan,maypimi kimirina ushayka umayaktak,kamachiktak, kimirichiktak, kutin rakikpashmikana kan. Tukuykunapak llankakamay ukupiimallata ruray tukukta rikushpapash kanka.

Kimiri ushayka shuktak mushuk kawsana llaktatatantachinatami hapin, maypimi yallikmankapipash munashka shina, tantanakuy tiyaymantawashan Mamallaktapak llankayñanpiyuyashkaman kan, Mamakamachiypi tiyakukshinallatak paktachinatak tukun. Ashtawanpash,shuktak mushuk chawpi kamay ukutamiwiñachikrin, kaykunaka kuska kamaykunamikan. Kay ukukunaka Mamallakta llankayñanpi,llakta llankayñanpi punkuta paskak shinamitukun; tukuriypika, kikinllatak llakta allpatapushakkunamanka asha kullkita kunami sakirinkaywan pakta llaktakunata rurachun, alli kullkiapayta allikachichun, yuyashkakunatapaktakpash kachun.

Kay paktachina kururay ushaykunata yallichikMamallakta katinalla mañaymashkayta mashkan.

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Mamallakta pushay kawsana llaktatanikichinaka, ama kutin kutin rurachichunmashkan, waklli kamay tiyaymanta, Mamallaktayillaymantapash tiksiyay mutsuykuna kamachiytamashkan. Kay llakikunaka sapan llaktapushakkuna imallata rurarinata mashkan, manapakta yachaymantami kay tukun. Kay shinami,paktayka kawsana llaktakuna sinchiyari illaytapishiyachina, shinallatak yanapakkunapurakimirinata paykunapak minkashka ushaykunatayallichishkakunawan sinchiyachichishpachurana.

Pakta ruraykunata kunaman, ushaykunatayallichiyman paktanaka llaktayukkuna ayninatamirachinami. Tukuy Mamallakta pushaypatapurakimiri ushayrayku apanakuy kan, kikinrikuykunata pushay yachaykunapash,yuyashkakunatapash tawka tantanakuypurarimanakuchun wiñachinami kan.

6.12.Llaktayuk ushay,runakuna umayaypash

Kullkipilla yuyaychu mintalayta runakunapakchawpipi churan, kutin socialismo real yuyaychuMamallaktata chayllapitak churan.Chaymantami mushuk socialismo democráticoyuyayka llaktayukkunamanta llukshishkayuyaykunawan shayachishka kana kan. Kaykapukuykunamanta, llakta charishkakunatapurichinamanta tikra rakinamantapash ashtawanrimanakuykunatami umayachishka kana kan,shina tantalla kawsayyukkana yuyaykunatasurkushpa charichun.

2008 Watapak Mamakamachiypi LlaktayukkunaUshay tiyaymanta, ayninakuyka ushnushkatakmisakirin. Tukuy Mamallakta pushay nikikunapillaktayukkunapak kamachichinapash mushukMamallaktapak hatun kallari tukuykunapakmañay mashkaypash kaymanta allikachishkamisakirin. Shina rikuytaka Mamakamachiykillkakunaka llaktayukkuna tantarichun, hatunyuyaykunatami kun.

Llaktayuk runakunapak kutsika kikin runakuna,tantanakuypak yuyaykuna churaypillatakmitiyan, chaymantami Mamallakta pushakkunakatukuylla kamaywasikuna paktachichun mashkanakan, runakuna imashina kawsaypi tantaritapashyuyarinakuchun yanapami kan, paykunakamachikkuna tukunkapa mutsukpi, chaymutsushkakunawan yanapana kan.Ayllullaktayukkuna kuyuriyka Mamallaktayyanapaypimi tiyan, kaykunami kan:

• Mamallakta charishkakunatatukuykunaman paktapakta rakipipashkutin rakipipash, shina: ayninakunapash,rimanakuykunapash; hampirinaman,yachaykunaman, kawsaywiñachirikuykunaman, pakchiykunaman,willaykunamanpash, shuktakkunawanpashalli paktaykunawanmi tinkirishka kankuna.

• Kamay mushukyaypash tukuykunapakmañaymashkaypash Mamallakta ashtawankimiri ushayman kutichun, akllayyupaychikpash tukuykunamanrikurayachikpash kachun.

• Aynina hayñikunata yachakchayachinapash,chayta purichinapash, llaktayukkunawanruna tantanakuykunawan, yachakuywillanakuywanpash, tukuyllakamaywasikunawan katirayankapak,ñawipurachinkapakpash tantalla kanamimutsurin.

Ecuador llakta runakunapak ñawpakpi rikuypika,ayni ushay47 tukurishka shinami rikurin,chaymantami tukuykuna ayninakuypikaMamallakta tankay mana sakipaklla kan. Tawkahatun kay llaki kawsayta pakta allikachishpa,kullkiyay, kikin kawsana llaktata kamaytapashmana millashpami paktana kan. Kaysumaychiypakka yuyaykunata, pachakunata,katina ñankunata, imamanta rimaykunata,tukurikunatapash Mamallaktawan,runakunawanpash kimirinakushpa ruraytasakinami mutsurin. Kay achikyachinata paktasakinkapaka, Mamakamachiyka tawkaukukunatami rikuchin, chaykunapi mañankapak,yachayta chayachinkapa, shukkunapakpashmutsurinmi.

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47 Shuk mamallaktakunapi rikunapak rantika, Ecuador mama llaktapika shuk patsakmanta (52%) runakunami manaima tantanakuypi, ushaypi, mashiyaypipash satirinkunachu. Shinallatak piñarishpa kaparinkapak, “hatarikunata arinikpipash” mana hatarinchu: patsakmanta 5% runakunallami kaykunapika kimirishkakuna –kay kuskallaktakunamantaka, ashtawan pishilla. Kay “kunanlla pichka watanpi piñarishpa hatarishkata” tapukpika, shukpatsakmanta 9% runakullami ari nishka. Uchilla marka llaktakunapipash pushakunawan runa tantari, kimirika –shinallatakmi rikchan: kay kanchis watanpika, uchilla marka llaktakunapi tantari ushayka urayarishka, shuk patsakyuyarikmanta 47% runakuna tantarikunapi kimirinkuna: 2001 watapika 10.8 tantarimanta, 2008 watapika 5,7tantarikaman (Latinobarómetro, 2008).


Ecuador llaktapi shukman churakuykawiñaykawsaypimi sapita charin, kaykunamitukurik kimsa patsakrik watakunamanta ashtawananchayarimushka. Kay shuktakyarikunakaMamallaktakuna tukuy shukllayachiymanaysarishkamanta chikan samikunapash sinchisamikunapash tukushpa katishkakuna. Shinamimushuk urma pukuchiykuna, llankakkunapaktantanakuykuna, mushuk kawsay ayllurikuna,ñawpaman manapash yuyashka kawsaykuna,shuktak llaktakunaman runakuna purikuymantarikurishkakunapash mushuk kawsayta rikuchin.Llaktamanta runakuna kawsay awaripi rikuriktashukman manyayachikuna; imashina ruraykuna,llaktayukkuna paykunallatak kamachiyrinataharkashkakuna.

Kawsaypura rikuytapash, kawsaypurayachaytapash mana pakta charishpaka yankayanapaykuna chayakpipash, shimillawanyanaparinamanta rimarikushpapash mana manausharinchun, yanapaykunapash mana paktankachu;kay llakikunami kawsaypura kimirinakuytallapikkuna kashkamanta mana allichin.

Mushuklaya Sumak Kawsayka kawsankapakmutsurik wallpakunata, ima mitakunatapash,tikra rakichinmi; shina tukuykuna paktaytukuchun, kullkiyaypash pukurichun mutsurinmi.Sumak Kawsay kamachiy llikakunaka manachawpiripak kashkatami Mamallaktaka rikun,ashtawanka tukuykunapak tantanakuykunatapaktachichinatakmi.

Chaymanta, kay paktay yuyayka tukuytatantachik llaktayta hatunyachichun nin.Ancha chikanyachinata hamutakpash, mushukkimirinakuytapash, kutin rakinatapash,tukuysami kawsay ushayta charik kachunmiyuyayta kun. Mushuk katinallapak yaykurikuna,tukuykuna mitsarina, saywashka allpatantarinapash mayhan runa kashkata rikunmi,allikachinpashmi. Ashtawankarin yanapanata,tawkasami kawsayta charik ayllullaktata, sapikawsayta charik runakunata yachakchayanallikachinpashmi.

Hampinapi, yachaypi, tukuykuna kamaypi,mikuypi, yakupi, wasipi kamachiychinakatukuykuna Mamallakta runakuna kuyuriypitantarichinmi. Kayka Mamallaktata ruraywanharkanami, ama ashtawan kullki mana paktacharimanta mana washanyachishka kachun,shina llankaypak ima mutsuykuna tukuykunapakkachun, runakuna Sumak Kawsayta charikkunatukuchunmi rurachin.

Llaktaykuna

1.1. Tukuy mana pakta kaymantallukshinkapak Sumak Kawsay hayñikunata(ashtawankarin hampirina, yachana,mikuna, yakuta charina, wasi)mutsuykunata paktachina.

1.2. Alli Tukuykunata mitsanata yanapashkakamaytapash tankana, kawsaykamaytapashtankana; alli suni kawsaypi paktakayta,

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7. Sumak Kawsaypak Mamallakta paktaykuna

1 Paktay:Paktakayta yanapana, tawkapurapi llutarinapashrunakancha tantanakunapash


munaykay, kawsaypura kallarikunatapashtankana.

1.3. Tukuykuna Mamallaktaypi yaykuriykunakullki yaykunapash karikak, warmikaktarikushpa kawsaypurakayta, wiñaypatatapash rikushpami ñawpachina.

1.4. Llankana kuskakuna tukuypak paktachun,alli kachun, murukunata kukllankaykunata wiñachina.

1.5. Mamallaktapi tiyakkunata paktapakta,yanapashpa rakinata paktachina.

1.6. Chikan kawsayta yachanasumaychanapash, kariwarmi kaymantariksina; runa kawsayyuk kaymanta,llaktaymunaymanta, kullkimanta,iñiymanta, maymanta kaymanta, shuktakllaktapi kaymanta, mashna watayukkaymantapash piñayta anchuchina.Shinllatak Mashna kullki charimanta,hankallapash kaymanta, shuktakkunamantapashchikanyachikunata chinkachinatakmi.

1.7. Ecuador llaktamanta, shuktakMamallaktakunapi kawsak runakunapakhayñikuna, ukllana, ñawpachinapash,shuktak Mamallaktakunamanta Ecuadorllaktapi kakkunapak hayñikunatapashukllana, ñawpachina kan.

1.8. Ayllullakta Sumak Kawsayta tankana.1.9. Mamallakta tawkashunku wallpaypak

tukuy llakta allpanikikunata, paktapachata,paktallata, charirayaytapash ñawpachina.

1.10. Pakta kamachichinkapak tukuywawakamayta wiñachina, kamana.

Chayanakuna

1.1.1 Kikin wasiyukkunata 2013 watakama,71% kama churana.

1.1.2 Kallari yachayta 2013 watapakka, 98%kama paktana.

1.1.3 Malta wamrakuna chawpi yachaymanyaykuchun 2013 watapakka, 66.5% kamachayachina.

1.1.4 Tukuy runakuna alli kawsayman chayachun,2013 watakama 8 chaniman mirachina.

1.1.5 Kullkikamaypi chullayaytaka 1995 watapikashkallamanpash 2013 watakamakatikrachina.

1.2.1 Runakuna kawsaykamaypika 40% kama,2013 watakama paktana.

1.3.1 Tisishka runakuna llankayta charichun2013 watakamaka 40% kama paktana.

1.4.1 Achka allpata charikta 2013 watakama,22% kama pichiyachina.

1.4.2 Kullkita mañayman yaykuchun 2013watakamaka, 10% kama ashayachina

1.5.1 Huchaykullki pallaypi 2013 watakama,15% kama mirachina.

1.5.2 Churashka huchay kullkipi hayñirita 2013watakama, ashtalla churachun 50% kamapaktana.

1.5.3 Chikan Runakunapak Progresividad delIVA y del Impuesto a la Rentata 2013watakamaka, 10% kama mirachina.

1.5.4 Chikan Runakunapak efectoredistributivo del IVA y del Impuesto a laRentata 2013 watakama, 10% kamamirachina.

1.8.1 Ayllullakta chakrayta shuktakMamallaktaman chakramurukunata katuyaynita (28%) kama, 2013 watapakkaishkanchina.

1.8.2 Chawpipurayta 2013 watakama, 20%kama ashayachina.

1.10.1 Kari warmi wawakuna, wawakunawiñarina yachay aynipi 2013 watakama,75% kama paktana.

1.10.2 Kari warmi wawakuna llankashpa manayachayta 2013 watapakka, chushkuchawpiman pichiyachina.

1.10.3 Llullu wawakuna 4 killakamallapashmamata chuchuchun, 2013 kamakamirachina.

1.10.4 Mañakuklla wawakunata 2013 watakamapichana.

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2 Paktay:Llaktayukkuna ima ruraytukuytapash ashtawan allichina

Llaktayukkuna ushakuykunatapash,hawayaykunatapash kururayka sapan hayñillankaykunatami mutsun, shinallatak sapanpushay ukukunapipash. Hampinapi utkapashpaktapash llankashpaka achka kawsaypak

zirmayukmi tukun; alli yachaywanka kikinllatak,tawkapurapash allita paktakmi tukun; kikinkawsaywanka iñina, chanina llikakunata, maytarunakuna purina sirik yuyaykunatapashmisinchiyachirin; yachay milka ukupi pukllayka


shukllapash, tawkapura tantarishapash yachayta,pakta kawsayta charinamantami riksichichin.

Kawsay zirma tantariyka ama unkunkapakyachaytami mutsun, maypimi llullukaypachamanta pichka watayukkama alli mikuytacharina mutsurin. Ushakukpak hawayakukpakpashpukllaykunami ashtawan allita ruran,runakunataka yuyaypipash aychapipash allitacharinkapak yanapankunapashmi.

Yachayka, shukllata kashpa tawkata kashpapashchikan patakunapi llankay yachaytami wallpaushakukta hawayakuktapash hamutachin,shinami llaktayuk ayniktapash yuyaykunawanhatariktapash rurarinka. Kimirina ushaysinchiyarinapak, kullkiyaypi, llaktaypi,tantanakuypi, kawsaypi chullayarikunatapashmianchuchinkapak shuk ñan kan.

Pushanata yachaymanta rikuypika, hatuntantachishka chanita yachaymantawiñariykunaka shunkumi kan, shinallatakmitaripaykuna, sumak ruray mushukyachinapashyuyay chawpipimi kana kan. Ñawpayachaykunawan, kuna sumak ruraykunawanchapushpaka wiñariytami shuktakyachi tukun,kaytaka kawsay yachaywan yanaparishpamimirachirinka. Asha pachakuna kipallapika,llaktakuna pukuchishkapash kanchamankaturikrikpash amawtay wiñariypi, pakchipipashmushukyaripipash tawkasami kawsaytukuytacharirayak kachun shuyanmi.

Ayllullaktakunapika, wiñanakunkapak mushukkapuchikunata riksiyka kullkikunata ama yallishitak kankapak achka allimi kan. Kaypakkayachaymi achka mutsurik kan, shina rukawanllaimatapash ashtawan karuyachik kashkamantaruraytukuymi. Hatun yachayka llaktayukkunatahawayachikmi kan, paykuna mana piharkakukpipash yachashkamanta rurakkunakashkamanta. Ashtawantakka amawtaytaripaypipash pakchi kururaypipash kunankawsakuyta mushukyachinkapak katirayachun.

Llaktaykuna

2.1. Mana wakllirishka mikuyta, alli mikuyta,allpapi wiñakta kamana; kikinmurukunamanta mikuyta paktachina,shina irkiyaykuna uriyachun.

2.2. Yachay alli kachun asha asha allichina,hayñikunata, kariwarmita, kawsaypura,yaykuchik rikuy kachun allichina; shinashukllapi tawkapura kachunsinchiyachina, yachakukkuna yachaytatukuchinkakama yachachun.

2.3. Ishkay shimi kawsaypura yachaytasinchiyachina, kawsaypurayachachikyachay tukuktapash sinchiyachina.

2.4. Kawsaypak llankay yachayta,wallparitapash wiñachina, kayka SumakKawsayman chayachik, kariwarmi,wiñaypura, kawsaypurapash tinkirikyuyaykuna kaktapash wiñachina.

2.5. Sumak Kawsay yuyashkakunawantinkirishka amawtachik, runayarik hatunyachayta sinchiyachina.

2.6. Taripaytapash amawtayta, riksitapashñawpachina, amawta yachayta,yachaykunata kutin chanina, ñawpayachaytapash kuyuchina; mushuk sumakruraytapash kuyuchina.

2.7. Willaykunaman yaykuriyta kuyuchina,shinallatak willaypak willanakuypakpakchikunamantash tukuy llaktayukkunayaykuriyta kuyuchina, shina llaktayukkaysinchiyarichun.

2.8. Pukllaykunata ñawpachina tukunkuyurina llankaykunata, yachaykunatasinchiyachik kachun, llaktakuna ushashpahawayachun sinchiyachinapash.

Chayanakuna

2.1.1 Ancha mana alli mikuyta, 2013watapakka, 45% kama ashayachina.

2.1.2 Punchata proteina kilocalórico mikuyta,2013 watakama, 260 Kcal. punchapipaktachina.

2.1.3 Kari warmi wawakuna mana llashakwacharikta, 2013 watakama, 3,9% kamauriyachina.

2.2.1 7 pata, 10 pata tiksi yachakuypiyachakukkuna, 30% kamallapash “alli”chanita charichun, RunakawsayYachaypipash 8% purallapash “may alli”iñuta 2013 watakama charinkakuna.

2.2.2 4 pata, 7pata, 10 pata Tiksi Yachakuypiyachakukkuna, 3niki wata paktayyachakuypi yachakukkunapash 20%purallapash “alli” chanita, YupayYachaypipash 8% purallapash ”may alli”chanita 2013 watakama charichunkuna.

2.2.3 4 pata, 7 pata, 10 pata tiksi yachakuypiyachakukkuna, 3niki wata paktayyachakuypi yachakukkunapash 15%purallapash Shimimanta Yachaypi “mayalli” chanita 2013 watakamacharichunkuna.

2.2.4 7 pata, 10 patapash tiksi yachakuypiyachakukkuna, 10% yalli purallapashPacha Mamamanta Yachaypi “may alli”chanita 2013 watakama charichunkuna.

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2.2.5 Kari warmi yachachikkunata YachayUkupi tupukpika 46% purallapash “mayalli” chanita 2013 watakamacharikkunami kanka.

2.2.6 Kari warmi yachachikkuna imallata paktayachashkakunapi tupukpika 60%purallapash “alli” chanita charichunkuna.

2.2.7 Killka katinata mana pakta hamutaypi2013 watakama, 10% kama urayachina.

2.5.1 2013 Watakamaka 969 I+D+i yachaktaripakkunata charinkapa mirachina.

2.5.2 2013 watakama, Apya-Yala Hatun Yachanawasipishina chawpi tupuykamallapashyaykuna shutita killkachina.

2.5.3 2013 Watapika 1500 yanka amawtariyachakuypi, yachankapa chayana.

2.6.1 Yuyaykunata killkashkakunata riksichipi75% kama, 2013 watapakka mirachina.

2.6.2 Kullki churaypi allpamama ukupi imatukuy sami tiyakkunapak (AMTT) 2013watakama, 0.44% man paktana.

2.7.1 2013 Watapakka, 55% ayllullaktayachanawasikuna nikiklinchiyukta rurana,kutin tukuy kiti yachaywasikunapakkatukuyman paktana.

2.7.2 2013 Watapakka, kunanpi nikiklinchiyukwasikuna kaymanta kimsa kutinmirachina.

2.7.3 2013 watakamaka karu uyachiyukwasikuna, 50% man paktana.

2.8.1 Olimpiada pukllaykunapi 2012 watakama,45 aynikkunaman paktana.

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3 Paktay:Llaktakunapak kawsayta alliyachina

Alli kawsayta charinaka runakunapak tukuykawsamuy Sumak Kawsaywanmi rikunata charin.Shina ima ruraypak, yuyay yachay, tukuypuray,pachayay mutsuykunawanmi tinkirin.

Kay yuyayta kukka, tawkalaya alli kaytantariwan, kushikuywan, kikinllapashtukuypurapash pakta kushiyachikwanchakrurishkami kan. Kaykunaka yanapakkullkiyaywan, chariraywan, runa hayñita,pachamama hayñitapash yupaychakmi kan.Kikin kawsana chani llikapi runakunakawsaypi, muskuykunapi, kamachiytapashrikushkami kan.

Kay yuyashka tukuykuna rikukuypi kuskapurapash,hayñipurapash rurarina kaktami rikuchin.Kaykunaka ukllay llika, tukuy kamaytukuypurapash, tukuy linchirikpashmirikurinka. Kay llikakunakapika ashtawanwakchalla kakkunapak, llaktakunapak, chikansami runakunapak tukuykunawan rikurikkuna,kullkiyay, pachamama, kawsaykunawanmiawarin.

May alli kawsayta alliyachinaka tawkalayañankuna katikuyta sinchiyachinapashmi kan.Kaykunaka Pachamama alli kaywan kimirishkamikan, shinallatak hampiripi, yachaypi, mikuypi,alli wasita charinapi, samarinapi, kushiyarinapialliyachinami kan; pukllaypi, tukuypura aynikuypi,

llaktaypi, llankaypi, kawsaykamaypi, kikinpura,ayllupurapash apanakuypi rikuchishkakunawanmirikunata charin. Tukuy llankay muyuntin,apanakuy, yachay, samarina, tiksi mutsuymi allikawsaypika kamaywasikunami rikunata charin;kaytaka paktakay charinata, runakunapakcharishkakunata kutin rakinatami riksinchik.

Llaktaykuna

3.1. Llaktayukkunapi alli kawsanaruraykunata kuyuchina.

3.2. Unkuymanta mitsarinata, harkanata,rikuranatapash harkana; wañuytaharkankapak imashina unkuykunachayakta, mitsarinatapash yachana kan.

3.3. Washan kawsay katikta rikushpa allihampiwan, kuyaywan, paktapashhampiyta paktachitakmi.

3.4. Tukuypitak warmikunatapash, yanapaytautka mutsukkunatapash kariwarmikay,wiñaypata, ayllulla, ayllullakta,kawsaypurawan rikuyta mañachina.

3.5. Ñawpa hampinakunata kutin riksina,yupaychana, kuyuchinapash; ñawparunakunapak riksikunata, hampikunata,hillaykunatapash tikrarikuna.

3.6. Kawsaypaklla, alli, pakta, charirik,wiñarik wasimuyuntinta kawsachunkunatak.


3.7. Runakuna kamaytapash, runapura shuktakkawsaypurapash tawkasami muyuy iñinatapaktachichina.

Chayanakuna

3.1.1 2013 Watapakka llaktapak ukunkacharirik llankayta 3.5 pacha yallirurakkunata, kimsa kutinwan mirachina.

3.1.2 Yachakuk wawakuna wirasapa kayta 2013watapakka, 5% kama uriyachina.

3.2.2 Chukchu unkuy yaykurinata 2013watakama, 40% kama waywana.

3.2.2 Yawar kacharichik denguewan wañuyta2013 watapakka, 4 kama waywana.

3.2.4 SIDA unkuywan wañuyta 2013watapakka, 25% kama waywana.

3.2.4 2013 Watakapakka tuberculosis unkuywan100.000 wañukkunamantaka 2wañukkunaman waywana.

3.2.5 2013 Watakapakka mapa yakuta upyashpawañukkunamantaka, shuk kimsapichawpishkaman waywana.

3.2.6 Paruk unkuywan, influenza unuywanwañuyta 2013 watakama, 18% kamawaywana.

3.3.1 Hampina wasikunapi wachayta 2013watakama, 70% kama mirachina.

3.3.2 Hampirina ukukunapi llankayta 2013watakama, 7 kama mirachina.

3.4.1 Wamrarak chichuyta 2013 watakama,25% kama waywana.

3.4.2 Wachak mamakuna wañuyta 2013watakama, 35% kama waywana.

3.4.3 Manarak wacharishpa wañuyta 2013watakama, 35% kama waywana.

3.6.1 Shukllapi huntarishpa kawsayta 2013watakama, 33% kama waywana.

3.6.2 Mapakuna illakyuk wasikunaman paktayta2013 watakama, 80% kama paktana.

3.6.3 Mana kawsaypaklla wasikunapi kawsayta2013 watakama, 35% kama waywana.

3.6.4 Alli wasikuna illayta 2013 watakama, 60%kama waywana.

3.7.1 Kamachiyta mana uyashka anchallakirikta 2013 watakama, 23% kamatikrachina.

3.7.2 Mamallakta Chapakkuna chapashpallankayta 2013 watakama, 7 kamapaktana.

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48 Allpapachapi kawsakkunapak hayñi hawaka Mamallakta Kamachi II Shutipi, VII Rakipimi willakun. Ranti VIIShutika, II Rakipimi Tawkasami kawsay wiñaykuna, tukuy allpapachapi tiyakkunapash, Alli Kawsay Ushaypaktawillakun. (N. Del E.).

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4 Paktay:Pachamamapak hayñikunata kamana,uksikpash iñilyakpash pachamamata ñawpachina

Pachamamapi tiyakkunataka imata rurankapak,surkushpa katunkapak kashkallatami runakumantakarikushka karka, chaymantami kullkita kuktallarikushka karka. Mamakamachiymi kashnarikuytaka tikrachin, chaymantami kaypashhayñiyukmi kan nikun, Mamakamachiypak48

Régimen del Buen Vivirpak II Wankuriy, VIIKapakniki yupaykunapika shinami rikuchikun.

Llaktayukkunapak sumak Kawsaywanarininakushkamantaka, Mamallaktami mitsaytahapin. Shinallatak tukuykunapura rikunakuypikamaykanpash, ayllullaktakunapash, llaktakunapash,chikan kawsayta charikkunapash, tawkapurapash,shukllapash, tukuykunami kuyanata,mitsanatapash charinkuna.

Mamallakta pushay yachaypak makipimiyakutapash tawkasami kawsaytapashtukuykunapak charishka kashkapi rikushpacharinatak kan. Kaymantami rikuk ukukunawacharin, shinallatak tukuykunaman mutsuytarikushpa chayayta rikunata charin, shinaMamallaktapi shuktak wallpayta chikansami,tawkasami llakta allpakuna kashtata rikushparikunata charin. Kay tukuy rikuytakaMamallaktapash pachamamapi kashkatayuyarishpami yaku paktachitaka rikunatak kan.

Chaymantami, pukuykunata, yakuhapikutatapash utka rikuna mutsuriktak kan,shina pachamamapash yakupash mapayaymantaanchuchinkapak, allpamama tiyarimantapash


harkankapak mashkarin. Shinami, Mamallaktaallpapacha kunukyayta pushay yachaywanchimpapurachun yanapan.

Llaktaykuna

4.1. Chariska allpa tawkasami kawsayta yakutawkasami kawsaytapash pushay yachaykuska kashkamanta wakichishpaiñilyachishpapash apana.

4.2. Charimushka yakuta, yakupampata, tukuytantarishkatapash yaku charishka pushayyachay kashkata rikushpa apana.Mamallaktapak charishka kakta, runakunakawsaypak, pachamamapak kakta chanina.

4.3. Zirma kutin hapipakllacharirayaypakllarayku, aynichishpaiñilyachishpapah Mamallaktapak Zirmaurmata tawkayachina.

4.4. Ashtawan alli kawsayrayku pachamamamapayayta kamarayana, rikurana may allikawsayyukta rurana.

4.5. Pachamama kunukyarinata rikushpa,chirikunuk shuktakyarinata amañachirinakatikuyta mirachinapash.

4.6. Pachamama zalayaytapash chaymantarunakuna zalayaytapash waywachina.

4.7. Pachamamata achiklla rikuyta yaykuchina,runakunapak tukuchun katikuyta; tukuyllamañaymashkaypi yaykuchina.

Chayanakuna

4.1.1 Wakichishka kawsana llaktata,pachamamata wakaychina ukupi 2013watakama, 5 iñukama mirachina.

4.1.2 Mamakuchapak uku pampata, shinallatakyunka pampa allpata wakichina, 2013watakama, 2521 km2 tuputa yaykuchina.

4.1.3 Sachakuna tukuchinapi 2013 watakama,30% kama waywachina.

4.2.1 Chukita llankaypi, antachakraypi rimsitiyayta 2013 watakama, 0,0001 mg/l kamawaywachina.

4.3.1 Llankankapak tiyaypi 2013 watakamaka1.091 MW kama mirachina, kutin 2014watakama 487 MW kama mirachina.

4.3.2 Huella ecológicata waywana shina ama2013 watakamaka Ecuador kawsaytamishachun.

4.3.3 Ruraytukuypi rikushpaka shuktak pakchiayniyripi 2013 watapakka, 6% kamapaktana.

4.3.4 2013 Watakamaka, zirmayuk wasikunataka97% man paktana.

4.3.5 Zirma llankayta kitillakta wasikunapi 2013watakama, 98% kama paktana.

4.3.6 Ayllullaktakunapi zirmayuk wasikunapi2013 watakama, 96% kama paktana.

4.4.1 Watapi rikushpaka mashnapi wayratamapayachikkunata 2013 watakama, manamirachishpalla harkarayana.

4.4.2 Pachamama llakipi urmayta 2013watakama, 60% kama hampina.

4.4.3 PBCsta 2013 watakama, 40% kamawaywana.

4.4.4 Kurukunata wañuchinapi (COPS) 2013watakama, 60% kama waywana.

4.5.1 Shamuk 2013 watakama, pachamama llikazalayay patamanta chirikunukman 23%kama waywana; shinallatak 69% kama,kutintak chawpikama ñakayman paktana.

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5 Paktay:Awkikayta, kasillatapash kamana; allpapachapi pushayyachayyaykuchinata, Apya-Yala llaktakuna tantanakuchun tankana

Awkikay llaktayukkunapimi tiyan, paypakmunayka apukuna imallata ruranatami kun.Mamakamachiypi nikukshina, Mamallaktaminkashka ukukunawanpash chikan samiaynirinawanpashmi rurarin. Kaymi Mamallaktakikinllayta paktachichintak.

Awkikaytaka tukuy kawsana llaktamantakamachiymantapashmi yuyarishka kan. Yallik2008 wata Mamakamachiymi kay

mawkayashkapash mitsarikpash rikuytakamishan. Awkikaytaka llaktaymanta, kawsanallaktamanta, mikuykunamanta,sumakruraymanta, kullkiyaymanta,kawsaykunamanta llankachik kaymantamihamutarin. Kaykunata paktachiychika, kawsanallakta awkikay hamutarin, shinallatak llaktaykishpiyrimantapash, Mamallakta ukupi,shuktak mama llaktakunawanpash chariraymitsarayaymi kan.


Awkiyay mushuk rikuyka tawkasami llaktatantanakuykunatami tikra rikun. Kaykunakakikin llaktayta wiñarinkapakmi kan, shina hatunarininakuykunapi Mamallaktapi apukuna imaruraypipash yaykurina, Mamallakta pushaykunatarikurayanami kan. Shinallatak tukuykunapakllankachun minkashka ukukunatapash tankakmikan. Mamallaktapi laychukunalla kawsaktarikuykunatapash washaman sakin, ashtawanpashtawka sami runakuna kawsaktapashmi rikun.

Awkikaypak mushuk rikuyka, runakunatawkasami tantanakuyta, kikinllatakwiñarinkapak katikukta riksin, tukuylla llaktaypillakikuna tiyaktapash riksin; shinallatakkamachikkunapak tukuy patakunatami runakunarikurayachunpash riksin. Tukuy kamaywasikuna,shukpaklla kakamaywasikuna tukuyllamanmitachita kukkunatami riksin. Mishupak kawsay,paykunalla imatapash charinayachiktapashwashamanmi sakin, tawkasami kawsayyukllaktakunata riksina mutsuriktami sinchita riman.

Mamallaktapak kamachik pushay yachaytayaykuchinata mashkan, Ecuador Mamallaktatakullkipi, ista llaktaypi sinchita shayarichunmimashkan, tukuy llaktakuna awkiyachishkayuyaywan kachun munan; tantanakuchun, kaytantanakuyka shuktak Mamallaktakunawansumakta apanakuna kan, saywashka allpapi tukuyayllukunapura riksinakushpa, shinallatak tukuykamaykunata kuyashpa kampakta shina riksin.

Mamallaktaka, shuktak istallaktakuna manasarushka kanachu, chaymantami EcuadorMamallaktapi alli kawsay tiyachun munan(kasikachun), pipash ñukanchik pachamamataama kichuchun, Sur-Sur shuktakMamallaktakunawan pachamama hawachimpapura tantanakushpa rimanakuchun,shina alli ñawpakman apankapak, SumakKawsayta, alli yuyaytapash charinkapaksinchiyarina kan.

Awkikay mikuyka shuktak llaktamantawiñaykawsaymanta kawsamushkamushukyachinata munan, murukunata charinapiwakchalla kashkamanta, mana alli mikunatamillpukuna kakpimi sinchita mushukyachinakan. Zirma awkikay mikuyta, yakutapash manakichuytukunchu.

Mamallaktapak mutsurik kullki hillaykunataimashina mashkana, Ecuador Mamallaktapak,imashina kayshuk Mamallaktakunamantamanushka kullkita kutin apamuna, shinallatakkay llakta wiñarichun shuktak Mamallaktakunakaypi, paykunapak kullkita churachun nikpi,

paykunaka uyanami kan. Kayka tukuyMamallakta munashka, Mamallaktapak tiksikallarimi, imashina Mamakamachiypi nishkashina, kaymi tukuy mushuk yuyakuna kan.

Llaktaykuna

5.1. Tukuykuna awkikayta pushana, sumaktatantalla kasilla kawsanata ñawpachina.

5.2. Tukuy allpakunata, Mamallaktapak hatunhayñikunata mitsana.

5.3. Tukuy ayllullaktakunapi kanllallakikunamanta, alli mikuykunamantaharkanata ñawpakman purichina.

5.4. Tukuykuna mashna llaktakkunawanrimanakushpa tantanakushpa kullkitamashkana, kullki hillaykunatapashñawpachina.

5.5. Apya Yala, Caribe Mamallaktakunawantantanarichun tankana.

5.6. Awkikay ista llaktakunawan imashina,paktachishpa, yanapashpa kimirinakuytañawpachina.

5.7. Mamallaktakunapuramanta tantarishkashuwakuna maypi ama tiyachunmakanakuna.

Chayanakuna

5.1.1 Chinchay saywapi Kawsaypak ManarakCharishka Mutsurikkunamanta (KMCM)wakchayayta 2013 watakamaka 25% kamawaywana, kitillaktapika 50% kamawaywana.

5.1.2 Kulla saywapi Kawsaypak ManarakCharishka Mutsurikkunamanta (KMCM)wakchayayta 2013 watakamaka 20% kamawaywana, kitillaktapi 50% kama waywana.

5.1.3 Chawpi saywapi Kawsaypak ManarakCharishka Mutsurikkunamanta (KMCM)wakchayayta 2013 watakamaka 25% kamawaywana, kitillaktapi 50% kama waywana.

5.1.4 Kamachishka awkakunawan, manakamachishka awkakunawan Mamallaktaawkikay llakikuna ama tiyachun 2013watakamaka mana tiyachina.

5.2.1 Kutashka Punkarasamita (KPs) mana alliwasi ima ruraykunapi mawkayta 2013watapakka chawpima waywana.

5.3.1 Sarata, soya kutata, trigo muruta,cebadatapash shuktak llaktakunamantarantimuyta 40% kama 2013 watapakkashukpak ranti rantichina.

5.4.1 2013 Watapakka Mamallaktapak kullkitayupay yanapayta Mamallakta Kullkipi60% kama paktana.

5.5.1 2013 Watapakka Apya-Yala tantanakuyta0,4 man mirachina.

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Tukuy ayllukunapak kawsaypika llankaykunakakallaripimi kan, 2008 watapi killkashkaMamakamachiyka llankay hayñi kashkata riksin,tukuy runakuna llankana kakta riksin. Kullkihayñipi rikushpaka, kullki tiksi kashkata runakushikuyta taripak alli kashkatapashmi.

Kunan rikuypika llankaykunaka manallakichishkachun kanan kan, mana tantachishkachushuktak ruraykunapi, llankaykunataka manaallinishpa rakishpa churashka shinami rikurin;paykunapaklla karashpa kachun yuyankuna.Shinami kay wiñachiy ukupika rikurin, shuktakkawsaykunamanta mikuykunata apamushpaayllullaktakunapi churan.

Mushuk Mamakamachiy imashina ayllurunakunapak llankaykuna sumakkay tiyachun,kaypi nishka shina, paykunapak hayñikunapinishka shinami rurana kankuna, shinamiyuyankuna, Mamallaktapak kullkitacharikkunapaklla paktatak llankakkunaman,paykuna llankashkamanta kuna, tukuyMamallaktapi llankakkunapak kawsaytapashrikuna kan.

Ecuador Mamallaktapika, mashna chakrushkashuktak samaywan tukuy pukuchinakuna wallpatantanakunawan churashka, tukuy kaykunakamana rikurishkachu kashka; shinapash kaypachakunakama pakallapak mana alli nishkamikashka. Mintalay ukukunapi hanakman kawsakrunakunapakpash, ayllukuna kay pukuchikunatakapitillata rurashpa katichunkuna. Sapan runakunatantanakushka, tukuy tantanakushka ayllukunamashkankunami, tantalla kullkikunatatantanchishpa manarak charinakunami kan,ñawpakman wichiyachikpak kaykunami kan;wiñarishpa ñawpakman katichun, shinallatakñukanchikpi tiyak yuyaykunatapash imashinamakiruykunata wakaychina kanchik.Shuktakkunawan tantanakushpa paykunashinallatak, kullkikunaka suktak yuyaymanmi

apankuna, Mamallakta ukumanta manasumakkayta rikushkamantami shina kan.

Kay rurayka, achka sumakmi tukuykunapakyanaparishka, pukuchikkunapak mashnatantanakushkakunapakpash kan, shina: tukuyllallankaykawsaykuna __suktakpalla,tantanakushka, ayllukunapak, wasipi allichishpakawsakkunapak shuktakkunapakpish, suktakllankaykunapish, shinallatak kikinpakllatak,tukuykuna yaykuna kay runarikuriray__shinallatak tukuy ayllukunapak, wasikuchupikawsakkunapak pukuchikunapak alli kachun.

Runakuna yanapayta, kikin kawsana kullkiyayimashina rikurikta, runakuna kamaypashkashkami, kayka tukuy ayllukunapak kullkitiyachun wallpana tiksimi tukun, yanapakpashtiyarin, imatapash paktapakta charik runakunakanka. Tukuy kaykuna paktashka kachun,mayhan llankaykunapi kullkita wiñachishpakatichunkuna, kay llankaykunaman kimirikrunakunaman tukuy ayllullaktakunapi kawsaytaallichirichun.

Llaktaykuna

6.1. Tukuy llankaykunata chanichishkakachun, llankay alli kachun wiñachina,kay llankana hayñinapi nishka shina,sumak paktachun rikuna

6.2. Kay llankaykunata kikinkunallatakriksichina, tukuy ayllu tantanakushka,shinallatak ayllukuna kikinpakllatukuykuna kachun, imashina tukuypishuktatakyanata tankana.

6.3. Wankurishpa tiksi llankaykunataallIchinkapaK mirachina, shinallatakmushuk llankaykunata wiñachina.

6.4. Kullkikunata paktapakta kuchunchaykunata kuyuchina, shinallatakimashina ñukanchik mikunakunata

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6 Paktay:Alli llankay kuskata kamana, paktakay, tawka wallpapiallikaytapash kamana

5.6.1 Allpamanta surkushka kapukkunahawapimana punkaramanta llukshik kapukchikwasikunapi rurashka muruku kanchamankatunata 2013 watapakka 0,95 kamamirachina.

5.6.2 2013 Watapakka 0,65 kama tantarishpamayllaman chayak kanllamankatunakunata waywana.

5.6.3 2013 Watapakka may mamallaktallamantayaykumuk rantishkakunata 13% kamawaywana.


rantinapak kashka shina kachun tiksikullkita charina.

6.5. Tukuy runakuna maypi kullki llankanatacharichun mashkana, wiñachina, tankana,kaykunawan llankanata mana charikkunaashayachun tankana.

6.6. Tukuy pachapak, allikaypi, tantachikmuyuntinpi llankayta charichunñawpachina, tukuykuna manamillaynakushpa, pachamamawanmashiyarishpa kawsachun ñawpana.

6.7. Ashtawan yachashpa katichun, llankayyachayta charichun tankana.

6.8. Ecuador llaktamanta llukshishpa shuktakllaktakunaman rikkunata kutin ñukanchikMamallaktapi llankayta charichun,kuyurik kariwarmi llankakkunata ukllana.

Chayanakuna

6.2.1 2013 watakama 1 sayllapi, kapukyachikllankaypi paktapakta kachun charina.

6.2.1 Ista llaktamanta riksinkapakshamukkunata, 2013 watakama, 1.57hunukama mirachina.

6.3.2 Tantanakushka murukunatapukuchikkunata, katushka kawsakkunataallpapi llankakkunata 2013 watakama,iskaykutin mirachina.

6.4.1 2013 Watakama, llankaymanta ashatallakullkita hapik runakunata 27% kamawaywana.

6.5.1 2013 Watakamaka, tukuy Mamallaktapiyalli pachata llankakkunata 10 iñukamawaywana.

6.5.2 Runakuna mana pakta llankaytacharikkunata 2013 watakama, 24% kamawaywana.

6.5.3 Pakta runakuna 1, 2 ashtawantukuykunamanta wakchalla kakkunatayachankapak Hatun Yachanawasipiyaykuchun 40% kama mirachina.

6.7.1 Kapukkamaypi chawpita llankakkunata2013 kama, 25% kama mirachishkakanka.

6.7.2 2013 Watakama, Mamallaktapimashnapura llankayman yaykurikrunakunamanta 4 kutinpi yachaykunatamirarichina.

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7 Paktay:Tukuylla llaktay kuskakunata, kawsaypura kimirinakuyta,wallpana, sinchiyachinapash

Kawsaypura tinkunakushpa kawsakrunakunapakka, tukuylla apanakuna kuskakunatawallpana. Kay kuskakunapi tawka runakunakawsay yachaykuna, kishpirishkarimanakuchunmi kan; tukuy ayllukunatantarishpa sumak kawsaymanta rimanakunakan. Kay tantanakuyka ñukanchikyuyaykunamanta llukshichun yanapankami,shinallatak tukuykuna shuk shinalla kanakashkata yachana, shina kawsashpaka:kawsayllapik, chikanyan, shuktakmillinakuykunapash chinkarinkami, kaytakatukuy llankay ukukunapi mashkana. Kaytukurika, tukuy runakuna, llaktayukkuna chaypikashpa paktapakta kawsana munaytacharichunmi sinchiyachin.

Kay kuskakunapi tukuy ayllukuna tantanakushpañukanchik ayllukawsaykunata riksinami kanchik;sumak rurayta, willaykunata, tukuykuna riksishkayachashkakaykunami kana kan, tukuykuna kayMamallaktapi sumakta kawsankapakmi kan,ñukanchikpak ayllu kawsaykunata wichimanwiñachinkapak Mamakamachiyka sinchita

churana kan. Kay Ecuador llaktapi kawsakrunakuna aylluyarishpa wallparichun; chaypimishuklla runa, tantarishka runapash riksinakun,chaymi kishpirishka rimana, kishpirishka yuyana,iñinata charin, ñawpa yachaykunata yachachina,kunanpi wiñarishka allikunata ruranatapashrikuchinatami charin.

Tukuy tantanakushka ayllukuna paykunapakkawsayka sumak, kushilla, ayllukunapura,yanapashpa wakin pachakunata chaypi kanatacharin. Shinallatak tantarishpa pachatasamarinkapak, takinkapak, pukllankapakrakishpa charina kan, paykunapak ukunchutarichun, paykunapak kawsay kushillakanchun wiñarina kan.

Tukuylla rimakuykunata tukuy ayllullaktakunapiwillana llikata wiñachinaka kallaripimi kan,shinami kayshuk chayshukwan willanakunkapakyanapanka, shina tukuyllapak, shukllapakshuktak mushuk willana ñankuna wiñarishpakatichun; katipika llaktapi chikan chikankawsayta charin runakunata tantanakuchishpa


sinchiyachichun, wankurichishpa tukuyllawillaykunaman yaykuchichun. Shinami, amashukpaklla willana ñankuna kachun, tukuyllaktakuna rimana, willana, yachana willanañankuna kachun, achikklla rikuchishpatiyachinchik. Achka kullkita charikpak willanañankuna, llaktayukkunata ama manyamanshitachun.

Llaktaykuna

7.1. Llaktakuna yaykurichun yaykurichun,tukuylla willana ñankunapi paktapaktakachun kamana.

7.2. Paykuna ruranata, tukuylla willanakunapiyaykuna hayñita willana.

7.3. Tukuylla runa kawsaykuna, samarina,pukllana llankayta mirachina, allichina.

7.4. Kay kawsay wallpapi tukuykunatantanakushpa rimanakushpa kawsaytarikuchichun, paykunalla imatapashrurachun, kikinpak tawka yachaykunatariksina.

7.5. Tiyarayak tukuyllapak willana kuskakunasinchiyarinata, paskarinata tankana,kaytaka tukuykuna rimashpa rantimantakawsaypurachik tantanakushpa,

runakawsayta sapsikunapi ñawpakmanwiñachina nishpa willana.

7.6. Mashna tantanakushkakuna paykunapakhayñikunata charinami kan,kawsaypurachik hayñikunawan kayshuk,chayshuk chaypi kashpa willanakuchunkamana.

7.7. Llaktakunapi hayñikunata paktachina,tukuykunapak kawsayta, kariwarmikuna,kawsay wallpa sumaychay tiyachunkamana.

7.8. Tukuylla kuskakunapi kawsaykamaypatakunata allichina.

Chayanakuna

7.3.1 Tukuy runakunaman samay kawsaytawiñachina, ñawpakman rina, shinallatakkushka ukukunanapi rikukrichunkuna,(2013) watakama, kimsa kutinpaktachina.

7.4.1 Kawsaypak shuk hunka pachata, 40%ñawpakman, (2013) watakama mirachina.

7.8.1 Antawapi wañuykunata 20% kama, 2013watakamaka waywana.

7.8.2. Yankamanta wañuykunata 50% kama,2013 watakamaka waywana.

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8 Paktay:Mamallakta kikinkayta, tawkasami kinkikayta, tawkapurakikinyayta, kawsaypura kimirinakuyta arinina, sinchiyachinapash

Ñawpa kawsaypachaka llika shinami kashka, kaypachakunapika imashina tukuykunapak washanwashan kayshuk chayshukman willashpa kawsanakashka, shinapash. Kaykunami paykunapakshutikunata chashkikkuna kashka, shinamitukuylla tanatanakushpa rinamakunatayuyankuna, kayshukwan chayshukwanrimankuna. Kay shinami kaypika ninkuna,kaytaka achka pachakunapi rikunami kan,puntapika imashina kay ayllukuna kunanpachakunapi katikushkata, rurakukta rikunamikan. Ñawpa imalla ruraykunata, paykunapakyachaykunata rurakkashkata rikunami, ishkaytantanakuypika tukuy tantanakushkarunakunapak kay ruraykunaka paktanmi.

Kawsaywan, runakunawan tantanakushparuraytukunmi, kay Mamallaktapi imallatiyashkakunata wakichi tukunmi, tukuykuna(sapachik, sapsichik), wacharimantakawsaymanta hayñikunataka charina kanchik.Ayllukunapak llankaykunata ima ruraykunatarikushpa, chapay atikuk Mamallakta

paktachichun, kay killkakunata paktachina kan.Mamallaktawan runakunawan kipikunatarantipak apanakunatami charinkuna, tantalla,unanchaykuk paktachik tukuykunallapikatinakuy ishkanchik yachaykunata chayrimaykunata mirachina.

Tukuy Mamakamachiywan riksishkaPlurinacionalidad kawsaypura yuyaykunawan,Ecuador llaktapak ayllullaktakuna chariktakutintak arinin. Kaytaka Mamallaktapakkamachik yuyaykunata yachaykunatarurankunami. Chayrak ñawpa yachaykuna,ñawpa rimay kamay rurashkalla sakirinmi, shina,shuktak rimaykuna, shinallatak ñukanchik allikawsaypak tukuy mashna Mamallaktapikawsakkunapak, shinallatak tukuy tantanakushkayachaykuna wiñarishpa katichun kachunmi riksin.

Kay mushuk yuyaykunaka shuktakyuyaykunatami rikuchik tukun, shuktakmarkakunapak yuyaykuna rikuna; kariwarmipakyuyakunata, tukuy kaykunata allichinkapa,


yanapankapak tantanakushpa ñawpakman alliapankapak, kawsankapa, tukuylla rimanakushpawallpana kan.

Shina yuyashpa, kay kawsaypura yachaykunarikurin, punkupishina kipapuncha tantanakushpariksirinmi, kay Plurinacionalidad tukuykuna allikawsay kan. Kay paktaykunata tukuy mashnaruraykunata, yachaykunata paktachinkapakcharisha ninkunami. Tantanakushka mashnapushak tukuk tantanakushkakunawan,chikankunawanpash, shutakkunawanpashtantanakushpa alli apankapakmi kan. KayMamallaktapi tantanakushpa shuk yuyayllaapanakunkapak, alli yuyaywanllaktapurakunawan apanakunkapak, shinakaykuna ñawpakman suniyashpa richun, imallakikuna tiyakpipash (Globalizador) kaykunamiñukanchikta yallitak tukuy allpapachapillakichikun.

Llaktaykuna

8.1. Ayllukunapak alli kawsayta yanapana(Plurinacional e intercultural) kaypi tukuyllatantanakushpa, tukuykuna tantallasumaychashpa kawsankapak, SumakKawsaypi nishkata katina.

8.2. Tukuy runakuna kawsaypi chullayaymantallukshirina, tukuy sapalla runakuna,tantanakushkapash, imapipash shuktak

charishkakunawan, kawsaymantarimaykunamantapash hapina.

8.3. Ñawpakman yachaykunata,mutsushkakunata, sinchirikunata,tawkasami imashina kakta tankana; kikinkawsayta, chikan, shuktakayllullaktakunapi imashina Ecuadorllaktapi kawsakta tankana; kariwarmikarullaktakunapi imashina kawsaktariksina, paykuna shuktak llaktapikawsashpa, Ecuador llaktata hawapichurakta riksina.

8.4. Kay kawsay wiñariykunapi, tukuy wallpapiimashina rimay shimikunata sapallarunakuna, tantanakushka ayllullaktakunapash imashina wiñachiktatankana, yanapanapash.

8.5. Tantarishkakunapak, shukllapak yachaytawakIchinata, chaninata, sinchiyachinata,harkayta, willay katikuyta yanapana;Mamallakta charishka runapak kawsayta,pachamamata mirachina; tukuytacharikta, tawkasami kakta ñawpachina.

Chayanakuna

8.3.1 Mayhan runashimita rimak llaktata 80%kama, 2013 watakama mirachina.

8.5.1 Charimuskakunapi llaktayukkunayaykuyta charichun 80% kama, 2013watakama mirachina.

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9 Paktay:Hayñikuna, paktakay katikuyta kamana

Mamakachiyyuk mushuk Mamallaktaka,hayñikunata, paktakayta riksinata, willanata,kamanatami charin, kay shina tiksimi payaMamallaktamantaka chikan kan. ShinallatakMamallaktawan, ayllukunawan, kashkakunawanrimanakuypi chikan kan, Mamallakta runakunapachamama tantarishka kan. Chaymantamitukuy runakuna, ayllukuna, llaktakunapaykunapak kawsayta tantalla mashkankuna;Mamallaktata pushakkunapash imashinatantarinata mashkankunami, tukuykunaimashina ñawpakman katinata wallpankuna.

Mamakamachiyka paykunapak hayñikunatapaktachichunmi may sumak kan. Kamachiypitiyak yuyaykunata churan, kaypimi tukuykamachikkuna llankana ukukunapi tiyakhayñikunata paktachin, kamachikkuna maymanchayanta saywata churan, ushay wallpatapash

saywan; pushakkuna tiyanamanta saywakunatachuran. Kay ukupimi, imashina hatunpushakkuna masmashkakuna, pipash kaykunatapaktachina kankuna, imashina Mamakamachiypihayñikuna nishka shinami Sumak Kawsaytacharinkapak tukuylla llaktakunata paktachin.Tukuy hatun ushaykuna llankayta paktachichun,Mamakamachiy killkakpak llankayta saywan.Kay kamayka kamachiy nikinapi, tukuypakllaktayta churan, shuktakuna huchapi urmakpikamachiywan rikun.

Kamachiy llika kamukkunapi niskashina, suktakkamachiy llikata riksinaka mana yankachu, runaayllullaktapak, shuk suyupak, suyupurapak, tukuyllaktakupi tiyak kamachiy llikata riksinami kan.Kay rikuyka, paya kishpiychik Mamallaktamantachikanmi kan, chaypika shuk samilla kamachiyllikami tiyak karka, kamachiyta killkkakkuna


runapak hayñita mana riksishkachu karka,shinallatak paktakayta Mamallakta willaymanta,chaymantami Mamallakta imatalla ruranatarikuchin. Paypak tiksi yuyayka, paktapaktakanata ñawpachina, manyayachinata, piñaytaanchuchinami kan. Chaymantami kamachiyllikata wiñachina, paktachina kan, paktakakapuchik llukshichishka pakta kachun.

Tukuypak kamachiykuna, kamay wasikunapashkamachiy tiksikuna may alli kachun mashkan;chaypachapi rurayta, chaniyak, achikllay, manallulla, mana chullayay kachunmi kamaychillikapi kachun mashkan. Shukman kayshukmantukushpa wakllirishkakunata allichinatamimashkan, tukuy hayñikuna ama chinkarichun.Kaymanta kallarishpami ashtawankaayllullakatakunata, llaktakunata, sapi llaktakunayanapachunmi mashkan, umachishpa tukuysamipiñaykunata anchuchin.

Tukuripika, kishpiyta kichushka runakunaman,ayllukunamanpash hayñita charichun rikunatamicharin, shinallatak kamanata, ukllanatami yuyan;kaytaka tukuylla ruraywan, shinapashn kutintakrunakuna allichirichun; allichirina kakpipash kayyuyaywanmi rurashka kanka, wichkaywasipikawsakukkuna paykunapak ayllukunawankawsachun, allitukuchun yanapana.

Llaktaykuna

9.1. Tawka kamachiykunata, Mamakamachiytasumaychashpa paktachina, rurana.

9.2. Tawka kawsayyuk MamakamachiyMamallakta ukupi nikichik kamachiyta,paktakayta hayñikunapi paktachina.

9.3. Kikinllatak kamachiypi nishka shina,chikan, allita utkak, allitak, chaypachatak, mana chullayak, hayñikuktatankana.

9.4. Runakunata, llaktakunata, sapillaktakunata millay ruraykunataanchuchina.

9.5. Wichkana wasipi kakkunataka ama kutinchayllamantak kutichunka alli kawsaytacharichun tankana.

9.6. Tukuy llaktakunaman kamachiymantayachayta, imashina katinatañawpachina.

Chayanakuna

9.3.1 Imarayku kashkakunata 75% kama, 2013watakama paktana.

9.3.2 Imamanta wanaykuna kullkarishkamanta75% kama, 2013 watakama paktana.

9.4.1 Warmikunata llakichik millaykunataashayachina: makaypi 8% kama, minaypi5% kama, llaki yukuypi 2% kama.

9.4.2 Yachana wasikunapi yachachikkunallakichikkunata chinkachina.

9.5.1 Achkakuna wichkana wasikunapikashkamanta 60% kama, 2013watakamaka waywana.

9.5.2 Tuberculosis unkuyta wichkanawasikunapi tiyakta 2013 watakamaanchuchina.

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10 Paktay:Aynipipash, llaktaypipash yaykurita kamana

2008 Watapak Mamakamachiypi nikuk shina,ayninakushpa arinishkata rikuchik kan,ashtawankarin tukuypimi kan. Kaytaka manakamachikunalla pushanata charinchu, tukuyrunakuna awkikashpa pushachunmashkaytukunmi; runakuna, ayllullaktakuna,llaktakuna, sapillaktakunapash ushayta charinmi.Llaktakuna, runakuna kimiri ushaypi kanakapaskarirkami, 18 watata manarik charikkuna,ñukanchik llaktamanta llukshishpa rik mashikuna,karu llaktakunamanta shamukkuna, awkamishukuna, chapakuna, maykan wichkaywasipikawsakkunapash apuchinata ushanmi.

Ayllullakta ayninakuy, llakta ushaykunatapaykunallatak chaypi kachun shuk kutin riksirika

kallarimi kan, kaypika mana shuklla ruranachukan. Kunanka tukuy llaktakuna, ayllullaktakuna,llaktayukkuna, sapillaktakuna yuyashkatachashkirishpa chaypi kanata ushanmi.Mamakamachiy ukupi kashpami: tukuylla,llankayñanpi kullkita mashnayachik,mañaymashkayta, alli mama allita rikunatatukuymi ushan, shinallatak tukuylla llaktaytarikunapash, tukuy imalla rurashkakunatarikurayana pachami kan.

Tukuykuna tantanakushpa ñawpakmantantadarishpa apanakuyta sichiyachina,maykanpash kay ushayta pushak runakunatakushiyachina, tantanakuykunata, tukuyllaktakuna, ayllullaktakuna, llaktayukkuna, sapi


llaktakuna paykunallatak chaypi kachun, shinañukanchik Mamallaktata pushashpaka tukuyayllukunami ñukanchik llakta maymanchayanakashkata yuyarinka.

Mamallaktapak kimirina ushayta charikkamachikkunaka llaktayukkuna, tantanakuykunachaypikachun mana harkashpalla yanapanatamicharin, tukuy ayllukuna tantarishpayuyariskaman willanami kan. Chaypakka tukuyayllukuna riksinatami charin, ñawinchinatakamachishpa kay llaktapi shayachinami kan;shina imashina tukuy ayllukuna kawsakuktariksinami kan. Tukuy Mamallaktatapikullkikunawan imashina llankakukta yachanamikanchik, shinallatak imashina ñukanchikpushakkuna maykanta akllariypi kariwarmiakllashka kachun rikunami kan.

Llaktaykuna

10.1. Llaktakunapi tantanakuykunata ashtawanñawpachina.

10.2. Pushakkunata tapunata, ñukanchikkullkikunata apakukta yachankapañawinchinata sinchiyachina.

10.3. Mamallaktapak akllashka pushakkunaakllaypi, may llankana ukukunapi

imashina llankakukta ñawpachina,tukuylla kamaywasipi llankaktañawpachina.

10.4. Tukuylla willayman yaykushpa imallatiyashkata riksichun kamana.

10.5. Alli willaykuna allikay kachun kipuytiyachun, allpashuyukamakta ñawpachina

10.6. Tawkasami kawsayta rikshishpa llaktachariray yachayta ñawpachina.

Chayanakuna

10.2.1 18 Watayuk runakuna tantanakushkaayllullaktakunapi kachun 50% kama,2013 watakamaka mirachina.

10.3.1 Akllarishka llankaykunapi warmikuna30% kama ayniyarishpa kachun 2013watakamaka paktana.

10.3.2 Wamrakunapish akllashka 30% kamallankaypi kachun 2013 watakamapaktana.

10.3.3 Kariwarmi Ecuador llaktamanta shuktakllaktakunapi kak akllaypi kachun 0,7kama 2013 watakamaka 0,7 yupaymanpaktachina.

10.6.1 Apya-Yalapi mashna runakuna llaktaushaypi yanapachun 2013 watakamapaktana.

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11 Paktay:Runakunata yanapak, kullki allikay llikata shayachina

2008 Watapak Mamakamachiyka, Ecuadorllaktapi kullki llikata, runakunata yanapakkullkita shayachin, kayka hatun paktana yuyaymikan. Kaypachapika: ayllukunata, pachamamapikawsashkakunata mana wakllichishpa, manatukuchishpa, alli kawsayman yaykunatarimanakushpa paktana yuyayta kun;ñukanchikpak llakta kawsakka, suktak kullkitacharik llaktakuna llapishkamanta awkikaytamana chinkana kan. Kullkita wakllichishkacharikkunallata yanapashpa, ñukanchik awkitawakllichishpa kawsanata yuyan, chaymantamikunanka suktak mushuk kawsayta charinkapak,ima llakikunatapash ama charinkapakrimankuna.

Sumak kawsay tukuy runakuna mikuytacharinata nisha ninmi; kullkita charina,shinallatak ñukanchik kawsayta ashtawan achkawatakunata kawsana yuyaytami charin.Tukuysami kawsay muyukuna: murukuna kashpa,yurakuna kashpa, runakuna kashpapash,

llankaykunawan, pachamamawan paktapaktakanatami nishanin. Chaypakka tukuy kullkimuyuytami mushukyachina kan. Kayka kullkipi,murukunapi, mikunapi, llankaykunapipashmushukyarina nishaninmi, pachamamatasumakyachishpa alli allichishpa charinakashkatami willan. Shina llaktakunata riksinkapamuyushpa kawsanatapash ninmi, tawkasamikawsayta, yurakumanta, wiwakunamantahampita charina ninmi.

Ñukanchik kullkipa tiksita riksishpa,hawayachishpa kallarishpami shuktakyachinakan, kaypakka: kapukyachina, kutintakpukuchinata rikunami kan, runakuna allikawsayman yaykunkapak, tukuy ayllukunamakita kushpa tiyana kan; shinallatak llaktakunarantinpak, ñukanchik ñawpa yuyakkunapakyachaykunata wakichishpa, yachashpacharinatami yuyachin. Pachamamapi imallatiyashkakunata wakichishpa, kaykunamiñukanchik murukunata, ñukanchik kawsaytapash


wakaychishpa charirayana ninmi. Kayllaktamanta hatun kullkiyukkunapak, shuktakllaktamanta hatun kullkiyukunapak munaytasakichinami kan.

Tawka samaykuna, kaykunami alli kawsaytacharinkapa apankakuna, ñukanchik kimiriushaykunapash kullkikamachikpak ruraykunapaktapakta tukuykunapak alli kanka; chaymantachaki sarunaka tukuykunapa paktapurallasinchiyachishpa rurakkuna kanka ninchik,shinallatak saywashka allpa, tukuy kullkitawiñachinapak llankaykunata, kaykuna manatiyashpami ñawpaka ñukanchik llaktata wakchatukuchun sakishka; chaymantami tukuykunachaypikay tukushpa kunanka arininakuna kan.

Mamallaktaka mana kullkita rikunallapakkanchun, ashtawankarin paymi tukuykunatatantachishpa kullkiwan imashina llankanatayachachishpa paktapakta rakinata charin.Chaymi kullkiwan paktakay rurashkatarikuchinkapak mutsurik kan, shuk mushukllankayta rikuchinkapak kanka. Shinamitukuyman rakishpa ñawpa kawsaymanta kunankikin Sumak Kawsayman chayachun ñanpichuranka. Shinallatak tukuypakrantishkakunaka, murukunata kapukyachikwasikunapi mirachinkapakmi kanka, shinamiwakcha ayllullaktakunaman, kawsanallaktakunaman, kuskakunaman yanapayrikurinka; tukuyllapak llankaywasita, tukuypakllankayta sinchiyachina kanka; kaymi suyupiyaykurina tukunka, shinami kullkikunakaMamallaktapi alli chashkinaman tankay kanka.

Mushuktashina pukuchina allpata sumakrurakunawan, sumak llankaywan tantarishpa allipushankanpak nisha ninmi. Shinallatak kullkitacharik kamaywasikunawan tantanakushpawankurinkami; sukpaklla kakkunawan, tukuypakkakkunawan yanaparishpa, rikurayana kan;tukuylla kaykunawanmi ñukanchik llaktakakullkikunata wakichi tukunkakuna.

Kullki muyuywan, rurakunapak yuyay ukupi,pachamamamanta yuyaypi, imashinamikunamanta llaktaymi mutsurin. Imashinamana llakita rurashpa millpuna sapimi utkashpamutsurin, chaymanta mikuna awkikaytacharinkapak sinchiyachina, kikin kullkitapashawkiyachishpa sinchiyachinami kan.

Llaktaykuna

11.1. Sumak Kawsayta charinkapak kinkinkullki tiyachun tankana, kaymi tukuyhayñikunata chikan chikan allpa

llankaykunata paktachinka, llankashpashuktak shuktak murukunata wiñachina,kaykunatami tankaykunatami tankana.

11.2. Uchilla, hatun kullkimanta llankaktantanakushkakunata tankana, kaykunatacharimushka tiyachun, mitachikunatiyachun tankana.

11.3. Sumak pukuchikunata ñukanchikawkichik mikuyta charinkapamutsurikkunata tankana.

11.4. Mushuk pushakyachaykunata mashkashpa,pachamamata mawkayachinkapak, runakawsakkunata mana wakllichishparunakuna wiñarikta ñawpakman pushana.

11.5. Uchilla wallpa shinallatak tukuyllamitachik chaykunata hatunyachina,chaykunami kullkikunata ashtawansinchiyachina.

11.6. Shuktak shuktakta rantinkapakkullkikunata tawkayachina, alli chani,sumakyakkunawan chikanchishun,chawpipi katukkuna paykunalla amacharikyachun iñisha ninmi, yanapaywanpaktarishpa hatunyachun tawkayachina.

11.7. Tukuypi yuyasha, kay llakta ukupikatuykunata, shuktak llaktapi katuykunatamirachina; pukuchinakunata, runapakkawsayta yuyaypi charinanta ñawpachina.

11.8. Yalli yalli kullkipi katukkunata, kullkihayñipi llakichikkunata, tukuyllapakrantikukpi, tantalla kankapakmirachikukpi llakita ruraktapash riksina,harkana, llakichinapash; chaywanmipaktaypuralla katukkunata rikurayachinka.

11.9. Mashna kipa wiñaykunamanyachachishkata, sumak llankaykunatarurashpa katichun ñawpachina

11.10. Mikuypak sapita shuktak mushukkunatamashkashpa kawsana, chaywan allimikuyta charichun shinallatakayllukunawan yanaparishpa, pachamamatashunkumanta kuyashpa ñawpachina.

11.11. Pukuchishkakunata alli, mana unkushkamurukunata pukuchishpa, chaykunawanmikikin kullkitapash, pachamatapashwatanta allita charinata ñawpachina.

11.12. Tukuy ruraykunata charirayanallasinchiyay tiyachun, tukuyllakullkikunapi llankayñan, alli rakinakuy,paktachishka harkashka kana, shinakashkata rikuchin.

11.13. Kullki wakaychinata, Mamallaktapikullkita mirachinata, wakichinatañawpachina, chaymantami kullki llikawasikunaka tukuy ayllukunapakmitachinata ñawpachina, kaykashukpaklla kullkiwasiwan, tukuypakkullkiwasiwan paktarichun ñawpachina.

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Chayanakuna11.1.1 Murukunata istallaktakunaman

katuykunata 0.72 kama, (2013)watakama uriyachina.

11.1.2 Mana punkara katushka PIB rurashkata25% kama, (2013) watakama urichina.

11.2.1 Tukuylla rantinakunapi MIPYMESchaypikashpa 45% kama, (2013)watakama wichiyachina.

11.2.2 Tukuy mintalayashka mikuyta ukupikatukkunata (2013) watakamachikanyachina.

11.3.1 Mamallaktapi tukuy mikuy murukunata98% kama, (2013) watakama mirachina.

11.4.1 500.5 hunu puntu punkarata llukshichik(tukuylla, shukpakllapash) (2013)watakama mirachina.

11.4.2 71 hunu puntukunata yaku hawritashuktayakta (2013) watakama paktana,shinallatak 176 hunu puntaman, 2014watakama paktana.

11.4.3 Allpamanta kurita antata kapukyachikta,uchilla chuki allak, pachamamatacharirayashpa 79% kama, (2013)wataakama mirachina.

11.4.4 Mana anta chukita apamunatarantinchina.

11.5.1 Mana kipita kamanata 5 punchata,(2013) watakama uriyachina.

11.5.2 10% kama, kitipuraman chawpipurinata uriyachina.

11.5.3 Sumak llankayta, willayta, willanakunata3.34 kama, (2013) watakama paktana.

11.5.4 Kullki kuyurina tupumanta 8,4% kama,(2013) watakama mirachina.

11.5.5 Antankapi purikkunata 6,5% kama,(2013) watakama mirachina.

11.6.1 Istallaktaman kachakkuna tantachikpi,kipi kachaytapash 0.06 kama, (2013)watakama ashayachina.

11.11.1 Charimushkakunata, mana punkaramitachikunata kanllaman kachakkunata15,1% kama, (2013) watakama paktana.

11.12.1 Patsakrimanta chawpiman pakalla manakamachishka rantimushkakunata (2013)ashayachina.

11.12.2 Mana willasha kipuchishka kanllamankatukkunata 1% kama, (2013) watakamaashayachina.

11.12.3 Kullkita mirachikkuna chay PIBshutita 8.1% kama, (2013) watakamamirachinami.

11.13.1 Kanchamanta kullkita PIB shutiwankachun 3% kama, (2013) watakamachayana.

11.13.2 Llankachunlla Kachashka kullkitapatsakrita kimsakutin mirachina.

11.13.3 Tukuylla kulkiwakichina wasikunallankaykunata 69% kama, (2013)watakama mirachina.

11.13.4 Tukuylla kulkiwakichina wasipi mashnakullkita110% kama, (2013) watakamayapana.

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12 Paktay:Sumak Kawsaypak llakta ushayyuk Mamallaktata wallpana

Kay neoliberalismo tantanakuyka, Ñawpakawsaymi kan, tukuy ñukamchik Mamallaktapakkullkikunakata hapishpa, llaktakunairkiyachishpa shuklla, ashllakuna tantarishkacharikkunapak rmakipi sakirishka; shinallatakkamakwasikunapash llaktakuna charishkakunahapishpa paykunapak allikunapakllami tukushka.Shinami “predatorios Mamallaktamanchayachishka”

Sumak kawsaypak mushuk pushayyachaytachurankapaka, Mamallaktatarakmimushukyachina nisha ninmi, tukuy ñawpa llakipikawsakakunata tukuchishpa, Mamallaktaawkikayta kutintak tarina, shina tukuykariwarmipak tukuchun, mana shukkunapakllañawpashina kachun, Mamallaktallatak kikinkimirina ushayta charichun.

Kay Mamakamachiypi nishka shinka, chaynishkata paktachinapaka kallaripika: paktanakuyyuyay, yachayta paktachina, rikurayakta ruranamikanchik. Rakinakunata, tukuyta chikanyachinataanchuchina kan, shina rurashpami ñukanchikMamallaktaka tukuypak ushay tukunka,shinallatak pushaytunkuchay, kipaka tukuy imarurashkakunata rikuy tukuchikman katin.

Mamallaktapi rikshishpa tawka llaktakuna,kawsaypurachik kaykunami kan, ishkay katipikallakta ushaytami rikshina kanchik. Kaytukuyman chayankpakka ñukanchikpakMamallakta ukupi ayllukunaman riksichina kan,Plurinacional y intrercultural imata nisha nishkayachachinana kanchik, kay shina llaktapikañawpa ñukanchik yayakunapak allpakunamantarishsina kanchik. Paykunaka, paykunapak


mutsushka kamachikkunata rurashpakawsakkuna karka; paykunapak kawsana llaktaukupika kaykunami kan: llakta runakunapak,yana runakunapak, yunka runakunapakshuktakkunapakpash sumak yachaykunamikarka, paykunapak kawsaykunamantaapurikunamanta rimashpa yachana kanchik.Shuklla shunkuta, tawka rikrata charikMamallakta kanka.

Sinchi llakta ushayta charik Mamallaktakallaktayukkunapak kuchullapimi kana kan,paypak tawsami kawsayta charik allpata, llaktaukupi kawsaykuna tiyakta riksinka.Chaymantami kamachikkuna karupi kachuntankana, Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizadoskamachikkunapash karupi llankachunmutsurinka. Tukuylla mañaymashkayrunakunapak kuchupilla kachun, kachakpuratinkirinakushpa llankachun, tukuylla llankaypaktarichun, Sumak Kawsayta tukuykunapaktana tukuchun. Chaypak tantarishka paktayanapak saywashka allpata tankana kan,pushakkunaka kikinllatak karupi kamachikkana kan, llankayñankuta sinchiyachik, tawkakamachik patakunawan tinkirishkami kana.

Kay katikuy yuyaykunaka runatami imatapashrurakta chawpipi charin, payllatak tukuyllamanllankachun yuyan, chaymanta Mamallaktapikawsakkunata paykunapak yuyaykunatachuranakuchun tankana, llaktayukkuna tuykamachikkunapak patapi kanata charin.

Mamallaktami tukuyta mushukyachinkapashunku kan, hatun alli katuna rantina ukukunaawllirichun rikukmi kan, chay ukukunapikahawapi tiyarishpa hatunyashpa shuklla katuna,shukpak makipilla kana mana kanchu.Tukuykuna charina hayñitaka mana shukllamillpuna kanchu. Paypak hawapimi tukuyllamitachikunata paktachina sakirin.

Llaktaykuna12.1. Sumak kawsaypak Mamallakta

kawsaypurachik kachun wallpana.12.2. Ñukanchikpak Mamallakta mushuk

tantanakuyta rurana; chaypi kutichishpapaypak imashina kawsanata, llankayñanta,patachinata, rikurayanata, taripayta,chaypi kanata sinchiyachichun.

12.3. Karupi llankana yuyaywan Mamallaktallankaywan tinkirishka mushuk kawsaytamashnkana, karupi, saywashaka allpawiñarichun, tukuynaman paktapaktakachun rakinka.

12.4. Allí utkak, ushak tukuylla mitachikunatamirachina.

12.5. Tukuylla mitachikunata allí, allikay,chaypacha, katirayak kachun mirachina,tukuykunapak kana kan, shinallatak allíallichishka kana.

12.6. Mamallaktapak kak tukuyllankaywasikunata allichina, patachinañankunata allichina.

12.7. Karupi llankayñanta, rimanakuyarininakuyta, hayñi yuyaywan kachuntankana.

Chayanakuna

12.1.1 Sapi runakuna, yana runakuna tukuyllallankaypi 12% kama, (2013) watakamapaktana.

12.3.1 Wasikunapi tukuyllapak llikta katishpatutu yakuta 82% kama, (2013) watakamacharina.

12.4.1 Tukulla awllikkuna kankapa, runakaunayachashkata kakta 60% kama, (2013)watakama allichina.

12.5.1 Tukuylla mitachikunapi allí kachun 7yupayllatapash mirachina.

12.6.1 Zirma rakinapi yallichinkarikushkamanta 11% kama, (2013) watakama ashayachina.

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Mamallakta Kawsana llaktapi pushayyachaykatawka yuyamanta yaykusha, tukuylla llaktaywantinkirishkata ñanyachishkami kan, kawsanallaktamanta rikurimukmi kan, hatunkuskakunapi mirachinkapa maymutsurikmitiyarin, kaykunawanmi ñukanchik kawsanallaktakunata ñawpakman pushahun kan.Chaymantami Paktay yuyaypika: paktaykuna,chayanakuna kimirishka kana kan, allíyuyaykunata mashkashpa kawsana llaktakunapiyuyashpa llankayñan, nisha ninchik. Kaykamukkunaka, kay hillayka ñawita pashkashpaallí ñanta purinatami rikunchin

Kawsana llakta llikashka pantarinallami kan,shinallatak watanta mushuyarikmi kan, chayrikushpami kay hillayka hawalla hamutarishpayaykuchina kanka, chaypi shuktak yuyakunatachuranapa, tukuy kay Mamallaktapi kawsakkimiri ushachik kamay wasikunamanta,llaktayukkunamnta shuktak mushkuykuna,yuyakuna samunka.

8.1. Sumak kawsaytapaktankapa mushukshinalaya saywashka allpa

Kawsana llakta, allpashuyupash Mamallaktapakkullki hawa wiñaykawsaymanta, llaktaymanta,runakunamanta, suyumanta yachaykunatamamikullkashpa wakichik kan, kay llakta tukuykunarikuchik, imashina kullkak, charishkunata rakik,runa kawsayta rikuk, mushuk Mamallaktakachun ninchik. Shinami tukuyllapak llaktayta,

shukpaklla llankayta ruraykunapi rikuchichunninchik. Kunan Ecuador llaktapak allpatakullkimanta, kawsaymanta, llaktaymantamushukyarikuyta hamutanata rikuchin.Charishkakunata rakina shina yuyaykunatiyakpimi kawsna llaktamanta kan ninchik;tukuy kapakkamaykuna Mamallaktapak shutipishukpaklla kakkunata rikuchin.

Wayra49 kashkata, allpa kashkatapashmushukyaripika, ñukanchikpak saywashkaallpata yuyashpa allichinata munanchik,makimanta apanakushpa kawsanaka: runakunakatinakuy, wiñaykawsay, kawsaykunami kan,runakuna shuktak llaktaman rinakuy, allpamantayachaykunaka shuk layapaklla kanmi (SantosM, 1992).

Chaymanta kunan punchakunaka ñukanchikpakllakta allpataka pachamamawan kimiriktamirikuna kanchik, mana paypak ñawillata rikuna,ashtawanka tukuy imalla wiñarishkakunata,ñukanchikpak kawsay wallpamanta,ñukanchikpak pachamama kaykunawantukushpa, mushuk yuyaykunata ñawpakmanapaykunatami rimana kanchik (Coraggio,2009:13).

Kay tukuy yuyashkakunawan, rimashkakunawanpaktachi tukunchik; ñukanchikpak SumkKawsayta tukuy ñukanchik yuyashkakunatapaktachina kanchik. Kayman chayankapakakullki tiyashkakunata, tukuylla mutsurishkakunatapaktachinkapa, tukuy runakunapak kakta,ñukanchikpak pachamamata allí charinkapayuyanami kanchik.

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8. Mamallatapak Saywashka allpata pushay yachay

49 Wayra kashkaka sinchi hamutaymi kan, chayraykumi, ima kashkata, ima yuyaypash, sinchi sinchi yuyarishpami,muskuytashinami yuyaypilla rikurin.


Allí yuyarishpa kawsna llaktamanta kallarishpa,tukuy llankaykunata paktachinatami yuyana,kaykunawanmi ima shukta llankana yuyaykunapashllukshina kashkata rikunchik. Kay ukupimishuktak yuyaykuna tiyashkatapash rikunchik;punchanta kawsaykunata, Mamallaktata rikushpashuktak Mamallaktakunawan imashinaapanakushpa kawsanatapash yachana.

Kay yuyaykunawan, Estrategia TerritorialNacional tukuy Mamallaktata rikuchikunmi, kayEcuador llakta allpapachapi tiyarinapikakitillaktata, paklla kawsana llaktata allitarakinatami rikuchin, tukuy imalla charishkakunatallaktallichik tukuyman rakina kashkata rikuchin,kaykunami ñukanchikpak Ecuador llaktatapushakkuna, tukuykuna tantanakushparimanakushpa ñawpakman pushanatami willan.Kay llaktapi mañaymashkaya, llankayñantarurankapa, tukuylla llaktayta ñanyachinatamimashkan, kaytaka kamachik patakunapiallichirishpa llankanatami mashkan.

Chaymantami sumakruraywan, pushayyachaywan, tantaraishpa llankañantamutsurishkata rikunchik; kayaruray,pushayyachay, tukuykuna tantanakushpa, tukuyimalla yachashhkakunata puntapi churashpakanata rikuchin. Chaymanta tawka kawsaypachakunaka paykunapak kawsaykunantarikuchinkunami, shinallatak imashinapaykunapak llakikunamanta llukshinatarikuchin. Tukuy kaykunami mañaymashkaykunatukuykunapak karuyashka, nikichishka riurin,paktapakta tukuykunapak kawsaymantarikunka kan.

8.2. Wiñay kawsaymantaEcuador llaktapak saywashkaallpata milkay

Mamallakta allpakunaka ñawpaka kallaripikamana inkakuna kawsarkachu, chaymantapreincario karka: chincha antikuna urkuwachupi,chaypi ñawpa punchakunaka Quito llaktamichawpi rimanakuna karka. Maypimi inkashayaraykunapimi kapak ñanka shunku karka,kaypimi tiyarirkakuna, kaypimi ayllukuna,llaktakuna tukushka, allí allpakunata, allímurukunata hapishpa tiyarirkakuna.Shinashpaka hatun yachakkuna tukushpatiyarirkakuna, paykunaka CuzcoMamallaktamanta Quito llaktamantachimbakkuna kashka, Cuenca llaktamanshinallatak kunanka markapurapak uma shinakarka.

Karu llaktamanta mishukuna shamushpamiñawpa inkakuna manarak inkakuna tiyakpipashwasichishkata killpashpa, paykunapakwasikunata rurashpa, kawsaykunata wiñachishkakillpashka, paykunami ñukanchik llaktaallpakunata kichushpa, allí sumak allpakunatapaykuna tiyarishpa, llapina llikata churashka,llaktakunata chay allpakunamantallukshichishpa, shinami shinchaman, antisuyupichukikuna surkushka, alli pampa allpakunatahapishka, achka kullkiyuy mishukuna tukushka.

Kayka Guayaquil llaktamanmi XVIII patsak watayunka llaktapi mushuk kiti wiñarirka,mintalaykuna murukunata katunapa yaku hawatarishpa, shuktak llaktakunaman ninkapaGuayaquil kitita mutsurka, kay yunka llaktapikawsak runakunami allimi kanka yuyashpachashkishpa, kawsachun sakishkakuna, chaymikunankama kay mamakucha uraypi tiyankuna.

8.2.1. Imalaya Tukuylla kawsana llakta

Ecuador llaktaka kallarimantami kapukkunallukshichik kashka, shinallatak hatunmintalakkuna llapishka kashka, shuktak hatunMamallaktakuna imashina llakichisha kashka,nishka shinalla hapishka kawsakkunakashkanchik. Chaymantami shuktakllaktakunalla imapipash yanapachun shuyanchik.

Shinami kay Mamallakta ukupipash llakichishkakawsak kashkanchik, kaykunami suk allíimatapash charikkunapaklla hayñikuna kashka.Kaykunami yachakkunapaklla kashka,paykunapuralla yuyarishka, shinallatakllakichishkakuna, rakishkakuna kashka; kaymisaywashka allpa ukupi tantachishka shukpakllayuyaywan rurashka kashka.

Allpata achakata hapikunaka, allí allpakunatacharikkunapak, mana allí allpakunakawakchakunapak allpa kashka; kay llakikunamitiyashka. Shinami kay llaktaka wiñarirka.Paykunaka llakichik Mamallaktakunapakyuyaywan, hatun mintalayay llaktakunapakyuyakunawanmi churashka. Kay llaktapipash,shuktak llakta shinallatak chulla chullawiñarichun churashka. Kay 1980 watakunapi,1990 watakunapipash yalli llakikuna tiyarka’.Kaypimi kay llakikunaka Quito - Guayaquiltukurishka rikurin.(Verdesoto, 2001), paywantantalla, saywashka allpapika chikan chikanyuyaykunatami paykuna rikuchin.

Shinallatak kay tukurik XIX watakunapi chunkapishka markakunata charirkanchik, chunkakachiri llaktapi, pishkaka yunka llaktapi,

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kaykunami XX watakunapi kallarirka.Mayhankunaka kunanlla wiñarishka shinami,kay markakunaka mana allpa shuyumankimirishka kanchu, kaykunaka ñawpa charikrunakunapaklla yuyaykunawan rurashkakunamikan. Shinallatak XX chawpi watapi paktapakta1950 –2001 watakunapi wiñarirkunami, shuktakMamallaktakunapi shinami kankuna.

Ecuador llaktapi runa kawsay tiyarishkallikakaunaka, paya wiñaykawsaypakshamushkaman kimirin, shinami imalapashcharishkakunata apashka. Shinallatak,kaykunatami yunka llaktakunaka patasmurukunata shuktak llaktaman kachakkunakashka achiklla rikunchik, chay kullkikunawanyunka pampakunapi kitillaktakunatawiñachishka. Kipa watakunataka palanta katunawasikunatami yaku patakunapi rurashka,chaymantami shuktak llaktakunamanllukshinkapa kuskakunata wiñarishka, punasuyupampakunapi kapukyachik wasikunata rurashka,chaymanyata hatun ñankunata rurashka.Shinallatak, Chinchay Antisuyullaktakunamanta punkarakunatamillukchirkakuna, chaypakmi maytapash hatunñankunata pashkashpa rishkakuna, chay ñanmanyapika kitikuna, shulkakuna wiñachishpakatishka. Kay ñan llikakunami llaktakunaallichirina, kullkikuna mirarishpa ñawpakmanwiñarispa katichun yanapashka.

8.2.2. Ecuador llaktapakallpashuyu kuskakuna50

Punasuyupak urkuwachukunami Ecuadorllaktapak allpakunataka chikanyachin, kimsasuyukunapimi rakinkuna: yunka llaktapi, chirillaktapi, antisuyu llaktapi rakinkuna. Kaykunamitukuy mayllapi llaktakuna kawsakta rikuchin.Kaykunami karikuna, warmikuna chikan chikanchurarinakunata rikuchin; kawsaykunata,mikuykunata patsak watakunapi runakuna,sachakuna, mayukuna, wiwakuna, urkukuna,chirikunuk tiyamushkata rikuchin. Imashinasapan llaktakunapi kullkikuna wiñarishkatarikuchin.

Kay suyukuna rakishka llakikuna tiyakpipashrunakuna rakirinata mana yuyankunachu,antikunapak urkuwachukuna chikanyachikpipash

shuklla Mamallaktami kan, tukuy kayayllukunapak kuyurikunata wiñarikunataMamallakta mushuk kachun, achiklla llankaykachun yuyankuna paktanmi.

Yunka llaktakunami alli kullkikunata hapinkuna,paykunanka shuktak llaktaman murukunatakachashpami achka kullkita charin, kay antisuyullaktapika punkarata llukchishpa kullkitacharinkuna. Shinapash llaktapi kawsakrunakunaka imata mana hapinkunachu. Kayayllukunaka mana chikan chinkan rakikunatachaskinkuna. Chaymi suyupika yanapaykunamana pakta pakta chayan.

Allpata rakinakuymanta paktachi, shinallatakkaypimi ishkay chawpi rakirikunata charinkuna:chinchayta charin, kaypika: Guayaquil, Manta,Puerto Bolívar y Esmeraldas tukuy yunkallaktakuna kan, Apya-Yala hatun ñanpi kakkitillaktakunaka: Quito, Ibarra, Ambato,Cuenca, shuktakkunapash kan.

Kay ishkanti llaktapak shunkumi imashinawiñarikunata mashkankuna(tantarishka,llaktayukpak), antawakuna purichun ñankunatarurana, shinallatak kay yunkakunamanchayankapak tukuy tarpushka murukunatapukuchishkakunawan kimirikkunata mirachina.Ashtawanka shuktak llaktakunaman kachanapunkukunata hatunyachina. PunasuyupiApya-Yala hatun ñanka Español mishukunarurashkamanta kunankama mana chinkarishkakan, punasuyu llaktakunata tantachin, shuktakllaktakunaman chayan.

Ashtawanka kay ishkay markakuna shuktakllaktakunamanta yalli wiñarishka, Quito,Guayaquil yallita wiñarishka, paykunami yallikwatakunamanta kullkitapash yallita charinkuna.Kay llaktakunami chikan chikan yuyaykunatacharin, shukka hatun pushakkunata kapak wasiukuta charin, kay shukka tukuy karullaktakunamanta kullkikunata chashkik, istantintantarishpaka 30% llaktayukkuna kan.

Istantin hatun kitillaktakunna tantarishpamiñitirishka llaktayukkunata charin, kayllaktayukunami ashka kawsak runakunata charin,ishkantinmi hatun kitillaktakuna kan, Quito,Guayaquil shunku ñanta charinkuna,

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50 Kay killkayka Jean Paul Deler tawka killkashkakunapimi sapiyashka; payka chaypimi imashina Ecuador Mamallaktaallpakuna kashkata killkashka. Chay killkaymi Ecuador allpakunata imashina kashkata, imashina awarishkatapashrikuchin.

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tinkirinakushka kan, chaymantami utkashpawiñarinkuna, kay shunku ñankunapak kuchupikakitillaktakunata, uchilla kitillaktakunatachariktami kanchaman kakkunaka rikshin, kayllaktakunapi achka runakunami kawsankuna.Paykunaka Quito llaktamanta, Guayaquilllaktaman yaykuchik ankishinapimi taririn, kayllaktakunapak kanchamanka sachakumi tiyan,ashalla llaktayuk saywa allpakunami taririn.Ishkay hatun kitikunapak chawpipika, achkarunakunayuk kiti llaktakunami rikurin.

8.2.3. Mamallaktapak saywashkaallpata kutintak allichinaman

Mamallakta allpakunapi suktak mushukmañaykunata tukuylla allíta rurankapak, mushukllaktaykunami mutsurin, kaykuna kawsanallaktakunapak mutsuyman kimirichun mashkan;shina tantanakushpa wiñariykuna ñawpakmanrichun mashkan, suyupura, sapan suyu ukupikawsana llaktakunataka kunami kan, shukpakllaima ruraykunapakpash kaymi, mana shukapakllakachun, ashtawanka tukuykunapak kanchamankawsakkunapak kachun. Kitillaktawan, pakllallaktawan ama chikan chikan kachun. Ukupikawsakkunapakpash paypurakunapakpashkachun, tukuy imalla mutsurishkatapash allíkawsayta charichun alli kanka; yachaykunata,mikuykunata, kawsankapak shuktaktapashcharinakunata ñawpachina kanka. Kaypikashukkunaka hapikkuna, shukkunaka manahapikkuna mana tiyanachu kan, chay pakirishkayuyaytaka mana yuyanachu kanchik. Mishak,mana mishak yuyaykuna mana tiyanachu.

Mamallakta allpapi wiñachinaka hatunkuskakunapak llaktay, mahanpaklla tukuyllatantaripak patakunapak mashna tiyankuna,Mamakamachiywan kimirikmi kanka, PlanNacional para el Buen Vivir yuyayta charinkapakpaktana yuyaykuna tiyanmi; tukuylla allí

ruraykunata llakta allpakunapi charinkapak alliyachaykuna tiyan. Kay ruraykuna rurarichun,awlli willaykuna, kapuchik wiñarimuktantanakushpa llankayñan, mañaymashkaylkawsana llaktakunapi rikurichun humpinamikanchik.

Kaytaka masmay kwsana llaktakunatatukuykunapaklla kachun rikuchina kan,mañaymashkay ñankunata sinchi kachun, tukuytantanakushkakunapak alli utkak ruraykunakachun rikuchinami kan. Shinami kaypikaimapipash tantalla richunkuna, tukuy imallayuyashkakuna, kay kanchish yuyaykunaMamakamachiypi nishka shina, kanka:

• Tantanakushpa kawsakkuna,rimanakushpa tukuy ayllullaktakunapikachun Yanapana, sinchiyachina.

• Sumak Kawsayta paklla allí allpakunapi,awki mikuyta ñawpakman tankana.

• Kuyurinkapa utka alli ruray kachunhatunyachina, tinkirinakuyta, ushaytapashhawayachina.

• Pachamamapi tiyakkunata charimushkatarikushpalla kuyaywan kamana, wiñarik,mana wiñariktapash rikushpalla hapina.

• Tawkasamiyayta, kawsay charimushkatahawayachina.

• Yachay pushayta yaykuchina, allpapachapiawkikayta, Apya-Yala llaktakunatantarichun mirachina.

• Imalaya mañaymashkay karuyachishkakachun, tiksi llankayñan tinkirishkapash,kawsana llaktapi mañaymashkayayninakuchunpash sinchiyachina.

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8.3. Mamallaktata shukshunkupilla wallpayta,tinkirishka, runakunatiyarichun paktachik kachunyanapana, sinchiyachinapash

Kay shuk shunkupilla wallpayka, tukuyllatantalla paktapakta rakinakushpa hamutarinka,runakunapak saywashka allpakuna llankanahamutarinka(CE; 2004). Kaypika tukuy markapillaktakunatami tikillakta tinkirishkata rikunchin,kutin kaypika shuk layakunatami rikunchik, kaypaktachikuna, shinami ruraykunaka kullkimanta,pukuchik murukunata tukuy ayllukunapak,kawsana llaktakunapak tukuykuna kulkita SumakKawsaypi nishka shina charinkapa kan.

Shinallatak hayñikunata paktachina, kay tukuyruraykunata imallata nishka shina hatunyuyaykuna yanapaymanta paktachina; imallaruraykunata tinkishpa muru tarpuykunatakuyuchina, ashalla tukuyta tarpunkapak harkana.Kaykunaman ñukanchik pachamamata amaachka wakllichikkuna tiyachun; shinallatakwiñaypata tapuykuna. Tukuy yachaykuna,sumakllankay mutsurishka hamunchashkasaywashka allpakuna kachun mashkan.

Mamallaktapika utkashpa llaktachillikkunamiachkatak wimñarishka, shuktak llaktakunamantarunakuna chayashpami kawsankuna, shinamiñapash llaktalichin. Shuktak markakunapakyuyaykunaka shuktaklayami kankuna, shinallatakkaruman kawsak runakunaka shuktak llakikunata

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8.1. shuyu: Mamallaktapak kawsana llaktakunapi shuyushkawan llankay51

Sapi: SENPLADES, 2009.


51 Kay Mamallakta Allpa imashina kakta shuyukunapika, rikunkapakllami kan, shuyu rikuchipika Coremas sisan shinatullpushka, tukuy mamallakta allpata rikunkapa, shina mutsuy llakikamayukupak paktay yuyaykuna, wiñarinkapapaktana yuyaykuna, sapan allpamamapi uchilla paktay yuyaykunapash cartografía shuyupimi ashtawan ima ruraykashkta rikuchinka.

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charishka, mana kuchulla shina kawsaytaushanchun llaki tiyashka, paykunapakkaimapipish ashtawan llaki wakchayari rikurin.

Quito, Guayaquil kitillaktakuna ishkantinñawchirishka, ñawpa llakikunata manarikushpalla llukshirishaka, chawpi kitipi uchillakitillaktakunata rakishpa achka runakunatamirachishpa llakichishka, Mamallaktapiallpasuyukunata rakikpimi ñawpa tantarishkakitillaktakuna rikurishka, tukuy ruraykunapi,kawsaykunapi, kullki charinapi rurashpa allíñawpakman katinakuymi, Ecuador llakta allírikurichun, shuktak allí kawsay kachun, shinakitillaktakuna runakuna huntakpi amañawchirishka kachun.

Mamallaktapak kawsana llaktakunapi sumakkawsay tiyachunka, mana achka kawsakkunamantantalla kankapa rikunachu kan, chushkupaktaywan, kitillakta allí kawsayta

charichunkuna mitachikuanata, ushayta harkana.Kay kitillaktapi kawsakkunaka: 20.000runakunawan, 50.000 runakama muru kullkashina, katuna shina kan; suyukunawantantarishpa, 500.000 runakunamanta 1 000.000runakuna kama, murukunata rantichi shina,shukniki kapuchik wasishina rikurin, Mamallaktawallpata charin, kay llaktakunami taripayta,achiklla rirpuyta, sumak ruraykunata, yalliushashka llankaywasikunata charin. Shinakashpa tawka kapukkunatapash charinkuna,2 000.000 runakunamanta, 3 000.000runakunakama, shuktak karuMamallaktakunawan kimirinakuyta charinkuna.Paykuna tantarina wallpa ukupi kashpaka:ruraykunapi, kullki mitachikunata,kamachiykunata, karu Mamallaktakunawanrantinakuyta, katunakuyta charinkuna.Kitillaktapi tantarishka kawsakkunaman yapamitachikunata kunkuna, shinapash wakinpikakaykunatami saywan.

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8.2. shuyu: Runakunapak kawsana kuskata allinta rikuy; llaktakunawan, awlliwanpash

kimirinakuy

Rikuy: kitillaktapi tantarishka kawsak shutirishka:• Charirayaypak, 20.000 runakunamanta 50.000 runakunakama tantanakushka runakunami paktana yuyankuna, tantanakuy ukuman

ruraykunata yanapak rikurin.• Suyupi kimirinakuy, 200.000 runakunamanta, 500.000 runakunakama, suyukunawan kimirinakuna kuskata charin, shukniki

kapukkamaykuna shuk patapi charinkunapash.• Mamallaktapi rakinakuy, 500.000 runakunamanta, 1’000.000 runakunakama, kaypika achkakamami ukuchawpi taripay, rantinchikunata,

sumakrurayta, yalli ushashka llankaywasikunata katichina, tawka kapukkuna hatunyachina.• Ista llaktakunawan tinkirinakuy, 2’000.000 runakunamanta, 3’000.000 runakunakama, paypak wallpa ukupi kashpaka kullki mitachipi,

kamaypi, rantinchikuypi karu Mamallaktakunawan yanaparishpa kimirinakuna.

Sapi: INEC, 2001. Proyección de población, 2009.

Rurashka: SENPLADES- Dirección de Planificación Territorial/Subsecretaría de Planificación.

Kaykunaka mana shina rurashkachu kashka,shinapash imashina kay yuyaykunatarurankapakmi allichikunchik. Shinapashsaywashka allpakunata imashina allí ruraytukunkapa, imashina Mamakamachiypi nishka

shina paktachina kan. Kay yuyaykunakakankunapak yanapayta tukuy ayllu llaktatapushakkunapak mutsurinmi; uchilla kitillikunapikawsakkuna, kaykunaka paykunapakpash,tukuypak kashkatami yuyana kanchik.


8.3.1. Hayñikunata kamana,mitachik tiksikunatapashmañachina

Runa kawsay nikakunawan ayninakuywantiyachina, killka tinkichishkakunawanpash allímutsuykunata charinatami yanaparin, tukuy runallaktakunawan ñawpakman rinkapakka,ñankunatami mashkashpa tukuyllatantanakushpa rina kanchik. ChaymantamiKaypika ishkay yuyaykunata charinchik:

• Ashtawan willashpa rinami hayñikunatahatunyachinapak; shinami, charinchikhampinamanta, yachakuymanta.Ashtawankarin rikunami mashnallaktakunallatak paykunapak wiñaykawsaypikunkarishka, shitashkakuna karka shuktakrunakunamnata. Chaimatami mañankunaashkata yuyarichun, hanikunawankallarishpa paktachinkapak.

• Shinallatak allíchishpa churanayakumanta mitachikkunata, larkamanta,paykunapak imalla wiñarikuna yaku hawa

allichina, sinchi kupakunata makinchitiyachun.

Mishu llaktakuna tantanakushpa llankana ñantamashkanami kankuna, allí ñawpa yuyaymañaymashkayta rurankakuna; allí kawsanallaktakunata ushayta paktankapak mañaymashkana, ima mutsushkakunawan paktachina.Shukmanta rikushpaka, karupi kikinllatakkamachik karuyashka llaktakunapi tiyachun,chayka: allíkawsay, yachaykuna, wayllapampakuna, pukllana pampakunata rikuna,imalla mutsurishkakuna wakaychishpa rikunatacharin.

Sapan ayllukuna kawsay, mishu llaktakawsakkunapash paykunapak mutsurikunatamicharin, shinallatak chikan chikan mutsuykunatacharishpami Mamallaktapika rikuchinkunatinkinakunata, ushaykunata, wiñarikllankaykunata charinchun, katipi rikuchik tukuyllaktakuna, shinallatak mishu llaktakunapashimalla ruraykunata rikuchin, imashinañawpakman apanata rikuchin.

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8.1. milka: mishu llaktapi tawka sami runakunaman llankaykuna

Maymanta: SENPLADES,2009.


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8.3.2. Kapukyay, tawkasamikapukyachi, saywashkaallpakunapak chanitamirarayay

Kapukyachik kawsana llaktakunaka allímurukunata pukuchinkapak, tawkapukuchikpura llika wankurikunata mutsun,pakllamanta, mishullaktamanta tantarinamutsurin; paykunami kikin kullkita mirachinakan. Shinallatak shuktak pukuchinakunatapashillak chayachin, tukuy kanchallapi, ukullapikawsakkunapak imashina kullkikunatahapichunkuna; ashtawanka kay tarpuykunatashuktak karu llaktakkuna shina imashinamirachina; paykunawan awllirishpa richunkuna,wiñariy kachun, paktachiyak allí kawsayta amapaykunalla hapichun. Kaykunaka imashinatantanakuna rikunmi, tukuylla imata mañashkashina wiñarikuy globalización tukuytashukllayachik kan.

Mishullaktakunawan, rakirishkakuna amatiyachunka, shuktak Mamallaktakunamankachankapak murukunata pukuchinami,mishullakta kuchullapi kawsakkunapakpashmikuna murukuna ama illachunka. Shinallatakmishullakta ukupi kawsakkunaka shuktakmurukunatapash charinmi, mishullakta shunkupikak ayllukunaka mutsurikunata charinkunami,chaymanta llankay chanikuna wiñarichunyuyashpa rurana kan, kayka llankaytacharirayanatami shuyan. mishullaktapikawsakkunaka tukuy rakikunata charin,paykunaka ashtawan llankaykunata mirachinataushan. Suyupi kawsak runakunaka maypi,llankaywasikuna tiyakpi, makiruraykuna tiyakpi,chaymanmi kimirinata charin, chaymantaashtawan kallaripi usharishka kapukkunatasurkuna kan, chaypi tawka kapukkunami kanka,kapukyachik wasikunaka sumakrurayta yachak,amawta llankayta yachakmi kanka. Chaymantamitukuy yanapaykunata, tukuy llakta pukuchikmurukunata, maypi wiñarik chakrakamaykunatiyana kan. Shinallatak shuktak ruraykunapashsumakllankay hamunchashka kanka, kaypimishuktak hamunchashka, ayllullaktakunapirikuykuna tiyanka.

8.4. Sumak kawsayta pakllakawsana llaktakunapitankana, awkikaymikuytapash tankana

Kawsana llaktakunapi imashina Sumak Kawsaytakutin tarinapak, kikin llaktapi tiyak murukunata

pukuchishpa mikunami kan, tukuy runakunamikayta rurana kanchik. Tantanakushpa imaruraykunatapash wiñariypi sumakta paktachun,shinallatak kay allpa llankaykunapi wiñarishparichunka kikin murukunatami tarpuna kanchik,kullkikuna allí utkachun, tiksi chapuchikpukuchikunata tarina kan. Shuktakmantaka:wiñaymanta llankachishkakuna, ima muyutallatarpushkamanta, paykuna kullkita hapichun(Brassel, 2008: 11).

Kay shuktak kushtak laya tarpunakuna,pukuchinakuna hatunyachunka mutsurin,ayllullaktapak allpakunapi Sumak Kawsaytacharichunka pukuchik wasikunata charina,kuchullapi pukuchikkunata, tawka murukunata,tantarishapa pukuchikkunata kimirinaushaytami mutsurin. Shinallatak tawkamurukunata chaypi tantachina, charisspakatukuy imalla murukuna kuyuchi tiyachunkaushachi ushachikta charimani kan. Shukmantarimashpaka pakllapay kawsakkunaman tiksimitachikunata allichina, mintalaykunapakyuyayta utkachishpa kutin mirachina; sapakpakllapi kawsak ayllukuna, sapan markamantapaklla llaktakunami paypak ushay kapukkunatarikuchun mutsunkuna. Shinallatak tukuy llaktaallpakunapi rurana imashina pukuchinamantatukuy markakunapi, ayllullaktakunapiyanapanakuna.

8.4.1. Saywashka allpa tiksi, pakllatiyashpa wiñarishpa katichun

Mañaykunata awllirishka rinakan, kaytinkinakuy yuyaykunata mirachishpa, tawkasamipukuchi ruraykunata, kay tiksichina:

• Akllashka karmakuna tawkasami achkamurukunawan tiksi paktachina patatacharinkapa, pukuchina kuskakunata,kapukta pakchikkunata charina;shinallatak mikunkapak, makirurarikunatapishrantichun kayana kan.

• Llaktakunapi imalla ruraykunata,tawkasamikawsay chawpi ruraykuna kikinpukuchik llankaykunata kallaripi churana,kaytaka imalla shuktak tawsamipukuchikkunata ushachina, runakawsaykuna charikta riksina, yuyaykunatayachana.

• May uchilla mitachita rikuchi, ashallapukuchik kuskakunapi kullkikunayaykuchun uchilla mitachikunata ukumanwiñachina kanchik, kaymanta kullikunaayllullaktakunaman rina kan, shinallatakashka millpuykuna tiyachun tiksi pukuytacharina.

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• Paykuna rikuchun tantachik paktatacharinami kan, pukuchikkunayanaparishpa mitsana, wacharikmamakullki wiñarikukta richun, rakinakuypukuchishkakunata mintalanayaytiyachun kapukkunapash tiyana kan.

8.4.2. Chakramanta mikunamurukuna tawkasamiyay:awkikay, uksi, may allimurukuna

Pakllamanta, kallarik murukunaka kay kimsamintalay ruraykunatami charina, wasipimikunata mikuna awkikay tiyachun charina kan,Mamallaktapak kapukkamay tiyachunmurukunata charina kan, kay muru mirarikunakallankaykunatami wiñachinka. Chani kullkitapashyapankami, allpapachapi mikuna awkikaytiyanka, yuyaykunatapash sinchiyachina. Llaktauku mikuykuna hañikuna nishka shina, allímikuykuna tiyachun, wiñaypata llankaykunatiyachun kamana.

Kapuchik shunku tikrachun allíta tantachina,allí charishkakuna tukuy paklla llaktapakpuskakunaman kullki yaykuy tiyachun.Shinallatak kullkikuna yaykuna kuskakunatashuktakyachin, ashtawanka ñukanchikkullkikuna mintalayay ukupi wiñarishpakatichun, shina uchillapak, hatunmintalaykunamanta, ista mintalaykunamantakishpiyrishka kachun. KaruMamallaktakunawanpash, ashtawanka chaypukuchik wanukunata mana churashpa allímikuykuna kachun, chaypakka shuk llaktakunapiñawpa yayakuna imashina pukuchikkunashinami tarpuykunataka rurana kashkanchik.

Ashtawankarin kawsana llaktakunapi awkikaymikuykunata mirachina, imashina kayhayñikunapi nishka shinami, allí mikuypaktashkata charina kanchik. Allí kawsankapak,allí mikunkapak, kikin kawsaykunapi, allípukuchinkapak hayñikunata riksichunmunanchik, mikunakunata imashina rakinata,imashina millpunata yachanami kan.

Kawsana llaktakunapi llankayñankuna,llankayñankunata rurankapami tarpunaallpakunata uchilla suyukunapi kuskachina kan,chay llaktakunallapitak tarpunata yachakkunatiyakta riksinami kan, imashina mawkayachinatachurashkata paktachinami kan. Shinami llaktaushaykunawan tantachina, chawpi pukuchikuna(allpa, yaku kullki mañachi, mentalayay)llankaykuna mirachina, shinallatakmañaymashkay wakichikuna, llakikunamanta

imashina alli kuyurita paktanakunata.Tarpukkuna alliyachik yanapakta yachachina,allí taripak chakra wiwakamay tiyachun.

8.5. Kuyurik hillayta allikachina,chakramanta mikunakunata,ushaykunata, tinkirinakuytahatunyachina

Kuyurik rurashkakuna, ushaykuna,tinkirinakuykuna, hatunyachishkakuna kanka,kaykuna mayllata rikta rantimpak allikallpakkuna kachun wiñarichun; sapan allpakunahatunyay imashina kakpipash shinami ruranakan. Shinallatak, maypimi alli kuskakunatarikushpa akllankapami rikuchin, chaypi kullkitachurankapa yanapachun; shina shamuk watakunaMamallakta allichirishpa katichun, allpakunapiwakllichllakikuna ama tiyachun.

8.5.1. Kuyurik: shayak shunku,sirikkunawan tinkinakuy

Kay tukuy kuyurikunapika paykunallamaymanpash runakunapak mutsuykuna tiyakpiriksina, chayta kushiyachina yuyaytami charin,may uchilla llaktakunamanpash willankapakkishpiylla kuyurishpa rinallami kan.Tukuyllamitachikkunata kuyuchishpa tantanakushpaallpapi pukuchikunata, mintalaykunataruranallami, kunanka kuyurinata charirayanatarimakunkunami; shina ashalla pachata, ashallakullkita shitana kachun, mana allikunatashitashpa ñukanchikpak kawsayta allikachinamikan. Ecuador mamallakta ukupi alli kana,kanchamanpash mutsurin alli kana, kay munaytapaktankapa tukuy runakuna llakta kanllaman,llakta ukuman kuyurinatami mutsurin.

Kuyurinkapak mañaymashkayka kunanpiimashinatak kipikunata aparik antawakuna,purikkunapash mayman rikta yachana nishaninmi; kachaykunata, tiyashkakunatapukuchishkakunata yanapaykunata maymanchayanata riksinami kan. Kay aparikkunakapurirayanami kan, kachankapakpash allitamirikuna kanchik, aparikkuna shayarina kuskata,yatata rikunami kan, anta kashkamantapayayashka allpakunata ama wakllichichunpashrikunami kan. Ecuador llaktapak allpapika,pachamamata manchachik achka mapakunamiñitirishpa, wakllichikkuna tiyan, chaykunamiranti runakunata llakichishpa wakchayachin.

Ñan linchi llika ankunamanta ñukanchikpakEcuador llaktapi tiyashkata rikuchin, kaykunami

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llaki wakllirishkakuna, antawakunapask 60 km/hpurishka ninkunami, mana allí ñankunakashkamanta kayllatami kallpay tukun.Ñukanchikpak Mamallaktapika shuktak ñanmikan: Colombia llaktaman, Perú llaktamanchayankapak shuktak ñanmi tiyan; chaymantamiñukanchik llaktapika ñankunanatakashukshinalla yuyanchin, ñawpa yuyaykunatahapishpa Mamallaktapak ñankunaka, allí chakiñankuna kachun munanchik.

Ishkaynikipika utkatantachik kinriman sunimankallpak tiyakta yuyarinchik. Paykunaka tukuyllakuyurikuna kuchuyankunami nin, paykunamiMamallaktapi wallpayta tantanakuchin, mamaankupi tinkirishpapash shinami kan. Kayñankunamii pukuchin wiñariyrinata yanapan;wiñariy kuchuyashpa pukuchinkunata, ashka allíwiñariykuna tiyachun yanapan.

Shul kimsa nikipika, kuturipika Mamallaktapakñanllikata paktachin. Kay shinami hatun kallpakukupi, hutu muyurik kan, ishkayniki, shuknikiñankunata paktachin, Mamallaktapi tinkirishka,hatunyashka ñankuna ñawpakman wiñarinka.

Ashtawan tukuy ñanllikta yachachinkapaka,kaykunatami hamutana mutsurin, shuktak maymutsurik hatun ñankunata riksinami mutsurin:wampuk chayana, llukshina kuskata, maypiantanka runakunata, apana, sakina kuskatariksina kan. Shinallatak antawa shayarinata,antakurupak ñanta, shayarinata, chakakunatariksina kan. Antakuru ñankunawan sumak riksikakuskakuna wiñarichun tankana allimi kan.

Wayra, antanka chayana pampapika punkutamihatunyachinata mutsurin, kaykunapika allimitachikunata wayra rinda kawsaykamaytacharinapi kamachiyta paktachina, shayana,pawana pampakunata mirachina, mushuktaruranami kan, ima llakikuna ama tiyachun,shinami sumak kushkakunata rikuchun wiñariyñawpakman allíta rinka.

Antanka chayana punkuta, shayanapampakunata allita hatunyachinkapaka, karupikikinllatak kamachikkunawanmañaymashkaymanta rimankapa yuyarinami kan,paykunawanka kipikunata churankapakuskakunamanta, mitachimanta rimankapakanka. Shinallatak kay mishullaktakunapiñawparik ruraykunata, tukuylla samarinapampakuna, tukuylla aparikkunata, shuktak llika

kuyukkunata churankapa kamachiynamutsurinka.

8.5.2. Achikyachikta mirachina,yallichina, rakinapash

Ecuador llaktapika zirmata rakikkunawiñarichun hatun kuskakunata charina kan,yakuzirma ushaymanta wiñariykunaachikkunata imashina paktachikukta rikunakan, zirma mankakuna achkata kushpa imashinallaktakunaman chayakukta rikunami kan,zirmakunata imashina katuna,rantinamantapash rikunami urman. geotérmica,de biomasa, mareomotriz hillaykuna zirmatakachakukta rikunami kan; shuktak yuyaykunataimashina kay achikkuna tiyachunkamashkanami kan: intimanta hapishpa zirmaushayta rurana, wiñaypata zirma ushayshinallatak shuktak mushukyachinallakunatazirma ushaykunatapash chaparayanami kan.

Tukuy kay llankaykunami pachamamata manawakllichina kan, tukuy kawsaykunatami paktapakta charirayana kan, chaypakka uchillakamachiykunata rurashkatami sumaychana kan.Kay tukuykunami zirma rakina llaktawantantarishka kanka, ñukanchikpak Mamallaktaukupi wiñariykuna ñawpakman richun,tukuykunaman zirmata rakina kanchik.

Uchilla llaktakunamanta, tukuyllapak achiktiyachun mañaymashkayta rurashpa allichishpa,hatunyachinami kan, ñawpamanta shamukkitillaktakunaman uchilla kamachiykunataruranami kan, imashina zirmata charinkapa kayuchilla amachiykuna paktachichun. Shina zirmalinchi llika ukupi achikkunata churachun,shinallatak shuktak llaktakunapipashwiñachishpa katichun.

8.5.3. Karuman willaykuna,tinkinakuypash

Ecuador llaktapika karumanta willanakunaka kaytukurik watakunapi tukuy llaktakunamanwiñarishka, ashtawankarin karupi sapan runamanuyarikkuna achkata wiñariy tiyashka, shinallatakwasipi tiyak uyarikunaka ashka harkarishkamirikurin. Allpachamanta rikukpika, mushuksumakruraymanta katishpa, wasimanta kayanakaru-uyarikpash, shuktak mushuk karu-uyarik(televisión, telefonía e Internet),mitachikunawan mawkayarinka. Shina

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sumakllankay tiyachun, ashtawanka hatunllaktakunapimi Internet willak yallitakwinarishpa willaypi runakunata yanapanka.

Shinallatak shuktak llaktakunapika kay internetmutsurikkuna illanrakmi, tukuy Mamallakpi

kayman yaykunkapa wasipi tiyak karu-uyarikmimutsurin, mashna kuchullapi kawsakkunapak,kanllaman kawsakkunapak, llakta ushaykunapi,ariniy yachana wasikuna tukuylla hatunpushakkunapak ukukunapimi, kay mushuklayawillanakunataka mutsurin.

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8.3. shuyu: Kallpak hillaykunapak hatunyachishka, tinkirinata, ushaypash

Sapi: Energía eléctrica (Plan de expansión del sector eléctrico-MEER y Transelectric 2008), Conectividad-fibra óptica

(Corp. Nac. Telecomunicaciones, Fondo Solidaridad, 2009), Vialidad (MTOP, 2008), Puertos (Dig. Mer, 2005; IGM, 2003),

Aeropuertos (DAC, 2003).

Rurashka: SENPLADES8.

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8.6. Pachamamapak charimushkatarikushpalla mawkayachishpacharirayayta kamana,pachamamapi wiñarik, manawiñarik tiyakkunatasumaychachun kamana

Ecuador llaktaka tawkalaya waykunata,pachamama charimushkata, riksinakunata

charikmi kan. Ecuador llaktapak pachamamacharimushka Sumak Kawsayta charinkapaktiyakkunami kan, pachamamapak hayñitarikushpa ama wakllichishpalla tukuyMamallaktapi mawkayachina kan, kaytakaMamakamachiy churashkata katishpami ruranakan. Ecuador llaktapi riksinakunaka ashkapampakuna, tarpuykuna, wiwakuna,mishullaktakunapash tiyan. Kaykunataka shukallpay yuyashpa chikan chikan mawkayachitami


kuna, kutintak wiñarik, mana wiñarikpiyuyashpami llankana kan, shinallatak tukuykunapaymanta kawsayta charinata yuyana kanchik,kaypika ancha llakikunapash kishpirinami kan.

8.6.1. Allpapachapi wiñakkawsay tiyakkuna

Ecuador llaktami, allpapachamanta 17 hatunllaktakuna ukupi, shuk hatun kan, tawkalayakawsaykuna ñirishka llaktami kan,chaykunamanta 5 y 10% patsakri tawkasamikawsayuy sachakuna, wiwakuna, tiyakkunamikawsan. Shuktak llaktakunapika mana shinatiyanchu, allpapash chawpi yallimi pachamamakillpashka52 kan, pachamamapak ukupikachayrak achka mana shuktak llaktakunapitiyakunami kawsan. ÑukanchikpakMamallaktaka Archipiélago de Galápagos llaktapiachka shuktak llaktakunapi mana riksishkawiwakunata, sachakunatami charin,Antisuyupash shinallatakmi kan, kayallpakunaka allpapachapak wakaychishkapachamamami kan. Kay kawsaykunataka manatukuykuna riksishka kashkachu.

Mana riksishka achka pampakuna tiyakpipash,kunanpika shuktak kawsaykunaka wakichinmi,Patrimonio de Áreas Naturales del Estado(PANE), Mamallaktapika chayrak sumakrikunakuna tiyankunami, kaytakaMamallaktallatakmi wakaychinta charin, mana

(PANE) ukupi saywarishkatalla rikunatacharinchu, tawkasami kawsana pampakunakapachamamapak pakta pakta tinkirinakuytamimutsun, runakunapak kawsay, shuktaktiyakkunapak kawsaypash pachamama paktapakta kawsaytami mutsun.

Pachamamapak kawsayka katinallaruraykunatami charin, tukuy ayllukuna, wiñaykawsay tiyakkuna, yachay taripaykuna sumakllankay kullkimanta yachaykunatami charin;tukuy mikuykunata paktachik, awkichikmi kan.Shinallatak rikuykunaman pushashparikkunapash tiyan, kanllamanta shamukkunamiñukanchikpak llaktata riksishpa ashkakullkikunata sakinkakuna. Ashtawankaallpapachapi imashinami bonos de carbonoyuyaykunamanta kullkita sakin, shuktakllaktakunaman katunkapak yuyarinakunami.

Allpa pampakunapi, yaku ukupi allpapashtawkasami kawsay mañaymashkayta mañanmi,shina tukuy ayllu llaktakuna, llankaykunamañaymashkayta charichun. Ashtawankarin,pachamamapak kawsay ukupi, imashinakaykunata kuyuchinata yachana; wakllirishkaallpakunata allichinkapak sachakuna tarpuytamirachina, allpata allita rikushpalla llankashpachariyana. Shina yurakunata tarpuna, allítarpuna allpakuna tukuchun. Allpakuna allípukuykunata charichunka, tarpuy yallitakmirarishkakunata sinchita harkana.

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52 “Tukuy Ecuador allpapi payllatak wiñak sachakunawanka 52% patsakri allpatami killpan, chaykunamantaka, 17%patsakri payllata wiñak sachakunaka “Patrimonio de áreas naturales del Estado” (PANE) ukupimi wiñankuna,shinallata kayka Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas y bloques protectores ukupimi wallparin. ShinallataMamallaktapak mamakuchapika protección marina kuska kashkaka 1.164 km (cuadrado), chayka Archipiélago deGalápagos” rikurayankapa kamachishkapash kan (MCPNC, 2009).


8.6.2. Yakuñan allpakuna, yakutiyaktapash pushay mañay

Mayuka, runapak tiksi hayñikunami kan,Mamallaktami paypak yakuta hapinata,rakinatapash charin. Shuktak mutsuykunapakhapinkapapash runakuna hapinami kallaripikakanka, chakrapi tarkunkapa, mikuna awkipakhapinkapa, shuktak kapukyachiy llankaykunapahapishpapash runami kallaripi kanka, kayllankaykunapak hapishpapash mayukuna,pukyukuna ama mapayachunmi allita rikuna kan.

Yakuta hapinkapak tiyakka Ecuador llaktamikallaripika kan, shinapash llakta ukupika manapakta pakta rakishkachu kan, chaymi wakinuchilla suyukunapika yaku illak rikurin. Shinakahatun mishullaktakunapika achka runakunakawsakpimi yaku illak rikurin, llaktayukkunayakuta mana alli hapinata yachashpa, yankahichashpa tukuchishkamanta, mana

wakaychishkamantapash, kipataka yaku illaksakirinkuna. Tukuy mamallaktapi, markakunapi,kitikunapi, shullkakunapipash, mikuna yakuta,parkuna yakuta, kuyuchik yakutapash,yakupukrukunata rikurayashpa tiyarayachun.Ashtawankarin mapa yakukuna, shukmapakunapash ama chuya yakukunata,pukrukunatapash wakllichichun allichina.

Pukrukunapi yakukuna pishiyashpa, uriyaytiyashka, 1994 watapika 58% patsakri rikurirka,2006 watapika 42% patsakriman uriyarka,allichinkapa mana kullkita churashkamanta,shina zirma ushay tiyachun; zirma mankapi yakuillakpi achik illan, chaymi, kay Mamallaktapikamitanta mitanta zirma pitirikuna tiyarka. Kayllakita allichinkapa, Mamallaktaka may shukzirma sapikunata mushukyachina, zirmakunawanushayta mirachinata yuyanmi. Shinaka, yakuachik tukuchunka alli rikurayana,yachakunapash kan.

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8.4. shuyu: Allpata mamakuchata payllatak killpak, chanikuy

Sapi: Apla-yalapak puchuk kawsaypacha sacha (PROMSA 2002, Pachamama Amawta1999). Ecuador allpa llaktakunapitawkasami kawsayta chushaklla kuskakunata rikuy, wakaychina kallaripi kay. (EcoCiencia, TNC, CI, MAE, 2006).


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Yakuka tukuyman mutsuri kashkamanta, tukuyrunakunami kawsaypachapi imashina tiyakyakuwan sumak kawsayta charina, ama sinchiusiyaykuna, yapa tamiyapash tiyachun. Kaytukuykuna ruray paktachunka, tukuykamaywasipura yuyarishpa llankayta kallarinamutsurinka, kay yaku achka chanishkata

allichinkapa. Tukuripika, yakuta alli kamankaparunakunapak tantanakuy mutsuriktami yuyanakan, mayupanpakunata, pukrukunata, allirikurayashpa, ama wakllichishpa, tukuymutsurikunaman paktachishpa, tukuyllapuraallita rakinakushpapash.

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8.5. huyu: Mayu patakuna, paypak kallpak yakukunapash

Sapi: SENAGUA 2009.


8.6.3. Mana kutintakwiñarik tiyakkuna

Ecuador llakta allpapak shuk pichkanikiallpapilla, mana kutintak wiñarik kaputiyakkuna tiyan: wakaychishka punkarakuna,pampashka antachukikuna, manaantachukikunapashmi tiyan. Chaykunatallukchinkapak, allimanta rikurayashpallukchikpipash, allpapachaka wakllirinkatakmi,shinapash mamallaktata kawsachinkapak,antachukikunata katunatami kanka, tukuyllakta runakunaman karankapak.

Kashna kakpipash, Ecuador Mamallaktaka chayllankaykunata ruranallatakmi charin, shinakullki tiyachun, chaymanka hatunkamachikunawan, uchilla kamachikunawanpashalli kamachishpa, ama allpamamatawakllichinkapak. Shinallata chay anta llukchinakuchukunapi kawsak ayllullaktakunaman allikawsayta kushpa, allpamama wakllirishkakunata,kutin allichishpa. Shinallatak chayllukchinakunamanka, wasilaya ruraykunapiayllullaktakunawan rimanakushpa, yuyarishpa,paykunawan tukuy ruray ushaypi llankashpa kana kan.


8.6.4. Tukuy Mañaymashkaykuna,llakikunata ashayachinapash

“Ecuador llaktapika tawka llakikunamimanchayta chayachin. Achka hatunmanchanayay yakukuna mirarishpa llakichin,hatun suni yaku larkakuna tukushpa,kakakunamanta urmashpa tarpuna allpakunatawakllichin; kipaka chakishka purun allpatukuchun hawalla sakirin, mayu pampakuna(Guayas mayu pampashina) pishilla tukun,allpapachapi rikukpika, imashinami kullasuyuApya-Yala uku allpawan Nazca uku allpawan(pachamamapi ashtawan kuyurik) allpachukchuykunata rurak, hatun urkukuna wiksaukumanta tinpukyaku kacharishpa,shukunatapash ruran” (Trujillo, D Ercole,2003: 111)

Kay llaki pampakuna hawapimi runakuna kawsay,wasi ruray llankaykuna, achik, yaku,rimanakunapash tiyan; shinapah llakishamunatapash mana riksishpa, allpa chukchuyshamuyta, shina shuk llakikuna

shamukrikuktapash kunkashpa kawsankuna.Chay hatun allpa chukchuy llakikunamantakishpitiyta ushanchikman, allpapi tiyashkakunatariksishpa, imapak alli kakta saywashpa, maypikullki churana paktay yuyaykunawan, ima llakitiyakrikuktapash alli yachashpa, imashinakishpirinata sinchiyachishpa, chay llakitiyakrikkunata rikurayashpa, ama sinchi llakikunaurmachun. Shinapash, llakikunaka shukunasinchi, shukkuna hawalla, tiyanataka tiyankami,chaymanta mamallaktaka, chay llakikunashamukrik hawa, sinchitami llankana kan, amainchi llakipi urmankapak. Shina rurashpallami,chay hatun llaki hapikpipash utkalla runallakikunata, kullki llakikunatapash allichinatausharinka.

Chaymanta, chay pakta yuyakunata rurashpa,ñapash llankaykunata rurashpapash, chayllakikuna shamukrikta, alli yuyashpa,taripashpash runakunapi urmak llakikunata, wasiruray llankaykunapi urmak llakikunatapashhawalla allichinata usharinka.

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8.6. shuyu: Pachamama killpa, achka runakuna kawsaymantapash

Sapi: Mapa de multiamenazas (DINAREN-MAG, INFOPLAN, INAMHI, IGM, IG/EPN, IRD, CEC, 2000).



8.7. Tawkasami kawsayta,kawsaypi charimushkatapashhawayachina

Tawkasami hatun Mamallaktata ruray yuyaykatawsami shukkllapi wankurina yuyaytami charinakan; maypi tukuy Ecuador llaktapi kawsakkuna,runa ayllukuna, yana ayllukuna, yunka karullatakunapi kawsakkunatapash, riksishpapaykunapak hayñikunata yachashpapash kanakan. Tawkasami hatun Mamallaktatapaktankapakka, shina kikin yuyay hayñikunatacharik kashkata riksichun, kamachichun, tukuyllapakta pakta kashpa, pipash mana shuktak hawapikanata ushanka. (Chuji, 2008: 11).

Kay yuyaywanka, Mamallaktapak may hatunruraykunaka kanmi, ayllu runakunapakallpakunata, shuklaya kawsayta riksishpa,hayñikuwan kamashpa, chay runa ayllukunamansaywashka allpakunata imashina Mamakachiynikta paktachishpa; maypimi ñawpa kawsaykunapaktarikta rantinpura sumaychana, charimushkapukarakunata kutintak riksina; maypimi ñawpamankakuna tiyakta, ayllullaktapi ñawpakawsaykuna paktarik kuskata ukllanamimusturin. Llaktakunapi tawkapura kawsaymantayachayta mirachina, tukuy llaktakunapi,istallaktakunapi riksinakuna tiyachun yuyachinakanmi. Kaytaka saywashka allpakunata

sumaychachun, ukllachun yuyachinapashmi;tukuy kawsana llaktapura tantarishpaallichirinkapa mashkanata kallarichun, kaypakkakamachik chikan llankana kuskakunapi,patakunapi achiklla ruray katikunatakallarichunmi kan.

8.7.1. Ecuador llaktapak runaayllukuna, sapillaktakunapash

Ecuador llaktaka 14 sapillaktayaykuna, 18 runaayllu llaktayaykuna, yana runakuna, yunkarunakunawanpash wallparishkami kan.Paykunapak saywashka allpakunapika 14shimikunata riman, chaykunaka riksichunmimutsunkuna, Ecuador llaktapak kakta,ñawpamanta charimushkata riksina,ushachinatami mutsurin.

Mushuk pushay yachaywanka llaktakunapak,sapillaktakunapak hayñita riksik Mamallaktakachun mañarin, shina paykunapak kawsayrurari, yachaykuna, pacharikuypash rantinpakrakinakushka, chanishka kachun. Ecuadorllaktapak tawkasami kawsaypak yachaytamirachinaka llaktakuna, sapillaktakuna allitakawsankapa tiksi nipakunami kan, imashinami:allpakunata mayta saywana, paykuna kawsanallankay ñankunata rurana, kay HatunMamallakta Paktakuypi, allimanta, allimantachurashpa rinkapak.

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8.7. shuyu: Sapillaktakunapak, ayllullaktakunapak,ñawpa shimikunapash ashtawan tiyakta

Sapi: SIISE 4.5, Shimikuna: INEC, 2001.

Rurashka: SENPLADES

8.7.2. Charimushka kawsay,kushi riksinapash

Ecuador llaktamanta rikuripak, mana rikuripakkawsay charimushkaka paypak shimikunamanta,chikan chikan rimaymantami wallparishka kan;pukaruna, kuskakuna, kitillaktatantarishkakunapash kanmi; killkashkakuna,mankakuna, mulukuna, tantachishkapankakunapash tiyankuna; makiruraywiñachishkakuna, amawtay, sumakruraykunapash tiyanmi. Tukuy kay nipakunamiEcuador llakta kawsaypak may sumak achkakipimi wiñarin. Shinapash, kawsay hawaukumanta charirayashka shuk yuyaymi illan,runakunakuna kawsaypak suktak riksikunawankimirinami illan, kayak kullkimanta, runakunawiñarinamanta, llaktaymanta, pachamamawanllankayta, yachaymanta, allikawsaymanta,shuktakkunamantapash illanmi. Chaymantamipayllatak kawsaypak hillaykuna, manahillaykunapash payllatak asha asha chinkarikuy

wiñarin. Kayta chimpapurashpami kawsayllankay tukuyllapak kachun uktashpa riksinakan. Shina mushuk chani llikata sinchiyachinayuyaywan riksina kan, kayantinmi chikan chikankawsayta charik runakunapak kikin kaytawillashka kanka, chaypimi tukuy runakunatariksina urman, ñukanchikpak yayakuna yallishkasumak yachaykunata ushachina.

Saywashka allpamanta rikushpa tukuyllallaktaykuna kawsayta pakta pakta allpapiwallpana mutsurik kanka, ashtawan ashallariksishka ruraykunapi, pakta pakta,hawayachishpa kullkita churashpa..

Kawsaypak charishkakuna, payllatak hatuntawkasami charimushkatapash, Ecuador llaktapakakllashka riksinami tukun. Shinapash, achkariksinata charik allpakunapi kawsashpapashrunakunaka wakchami kan, paykunaka manamitachikunata charinchu, riksina

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llankaykunamanta kullki yaykukpipashchaymantaka nimatapash mana yanaparinchu.Chayta rikushpami shuk kutin yalli riksinallankayta charirayashpa chayllamantatak kullkitahapina mutsurin, shina chay allpakunapi kawsakrunakunapak kachun, chay yanapay ñankukunakawsayta sumakyachichunmi kanka.

Tukuripika, Ecuador llaktakuna wiñarishpa,kitikuna wiñarishpa riksinakuna wallparishkatawañita washaman churashpa mana kunkarina

kanchikchu; tawka mitakunapipirkashkakunata, maymanta shamushkamantamana kunkarinachu. Paypurakunamanta 22kitillaktakunata Mamallaktapak kawsaykunacharimushkata riksinami kanchik,paykunamanta ishkay: Quito llaktata, Cuencallaktapash Patrimonio Cultural de laHumanidad, Kapak shutita kushka.Wakaychina, allichina, kay charimushkataallichishpa charina llaktayta yuyaytarimachinami mutsurin.

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8.8. shuyu: Charimushka kitillaktakuna, kushi riksina ñankuna, tawkasami kawsaykunapash

Sapi: Riksina Ñankuna (PLANDETUR, 2008), PAI Plurianual, MCPNC, MINTUR, 2009.

Rurashka: SENPLADES

Saywashka allpa ukupi llankayñanta ruraykatikushpaka kay charishkapuramantami riksinakan; chanita, kutintak tarinata, ñawpayachaykunata ruraykuna rikuchinami maymutsurik kan, shina: tarpuymanta,allikawsaymanta, wallpachik yachaykunatatarinami alli kan; kawsaypura ishkayshimiyachayta yanapana, ñawpamanta tiyakkuskakunata, ayllullaktapak kawsaytapashukllana kachun.

8.7.3. Runakunapak tantarishkaawarishka kawsaytasinchiyachina

Chayllamantallatak kullkita hapinamirarichunka runakuna tantarishpallankachunmi mutsurin, tantarishkakunaawarishpa llankana, tantarishkkamanta tawsamirunakuna punchanta yuyarichunmi mutsurin.Tukuylla runakunami rikuna llankaykunatakallarina kan, shinallatak tukuylla kamay


wasikunatapash runakunallatakmi rikurayanakan.

Runakunapak awarinata sinchiyachina, kaypakkallaktayukkuna chaypi kanami mutsurin,tawkasami llankakkuna tantarichun shuk kuskatacharichun yanapashpa wiñachina, chaypimi:rikuykunata, pushayyachayta, paktana yuyayta,kawsay yachayta paykunallatak allitarakinakuchun. Kaytaka Mamallaktawan,runakunawan llakta ushaywan kimirinakuchunyuyaywanmi kanka, kamachikkunpak tukuypatakunapipash shinallatakmi kanka. Runakunasinchiyarishpa tukuylla llankaykunapiyaykurichun, chaypi mashiyarina, rimarinakunawiñarichun; ayllullaktapi, Mamallaktapi mushukllankaykuna kikinpak tukuchun.

8.8. Apya-Yala mamallaktakunawanPushayyachipi, allpapachapiawkiyashpa tukuykunawantantarina

Kulla Apya-Yalapika tawka mushukyaykunatamikawsakun, chaymantami mushukyan, shukkuskapi wiñaykawsaymanta akllarishkamushukyaymi kawsakun. Lluki llaktaymantantarishkakuna llakta ushaykunata pushashpaakllariman chayankuna, sinchi llankaykunatayapashka kan, mushukyarikuna katikukpirunakuna yaykurishpa kullki ushaymipaykunamanka urmashka.

Allpa llaktay atinakushka paya ushakkunawashaman sakishkatami kunanpika rikuchishkakan, achka ñawiyuk ñanpampata paskan, ñamana mushuk kullkiyukkunapak muyuntinpishuk muyukta sakinchu. Kay mushukyaripikaEcuador llaktaka yanapak llaktami rikurin,chaypakka pushayyachay, suyupi awkiyak,allpapachapi mushuk yaykurimi rikurin.

Ista llaktapura kimirinakuypi, Mamallaktamantaista llaktayman yuyarishpa mushuk llankayñanmikan, kaytaka tukuy runakunapak sumak munaypiyuyashkami kanka, umamanta llapikpak, ashallarakishpa llapikkunapak munay kankachu.Llaktakunapak sapipi shayachishka kashpa hatunllaktapi riksishkami kan. Yallik watakunapimushuk kullkiyukpak makipi kashpami ashallacharikkunapak tantarishka chikan munaytaMamallaktaka kurka, chay watakunapikaimashina patachina ushayta, llankayñantaruranata mana chinkarkuna, kunanpi awkiyayushayta kutintak tarinatami willamukun, kaytakatukuykunpak llakta ushaywanmi shuk ruray kanka.

8.8.1. Apya-Yala llaktakuna tantariSaywashka allpakunamanta, yaykurinakuyñankunaka harkashka kawsanata yuyaytacharikkunapakka llaktakuna, kimirina ushay,rikurimuy, shuktakkunapash kutintak atinakuymikan, kamachikkunapak ukupi mushukkuskakunata wallpana, suyukunapi allitapushanaka paya Mamallakta kawsayta atirishpamishay nisha ninmi. Shinanmi, kunan llapishkakawsayta shitankapa kulla Apya-Yala llaktakunamashiyarishpa tantarina yuyaytami kun, kaykapushakkunapak allpa llaktay ushaytayuntankapakmi allichirikun. Ecuador llaktakakariyashpami llaktakuna mushukyarikuypi pushayushaywan kana kan, imashinami UNASURtantanakuyta pushachukkunata churarkanchik,shinami rurana kan. Quito llaktata paypak yatakachun rikunami urman.

Apya-Yala yaykurina muskuykunata wallpanakakamaywasi tukuypi, runakunapash hawallallaktayarinata ushanka, Kulla Apya-Yapi(UNASUR) riksiyarina, yanapak yaktayukkuna,Chaypakmi Ecuador llaktaka paypak saywashkaallpakunata tukuy Mamallaktapi kitillikunatukuchun yallitami hamutana kan, LatinApya-Yala llaktakuna, Caribe llaktakunawanyallita yaykurinatami yuyana kan, AlternativaBolivariana para las Américas (ALBA) hatuntantanakuna mushuk ñankuna tukuchun,Ecuador llakta suyu ukupi kariyashpa sapishinaatik rurarichun.

Shinami, saywashka allpapi llankaykunakamushuk ruraykunawan takarin: Mamallaktapakuchilla suyukunata, kikinllatak saywarishkaallpakunata kikinpak llakikunata, ushaykunatachariktami rikuna kan. Kipaka shuklla tukushpaMamallaktapi allikuna tiyachun kallari rikuytacharichunmi rikuna kan. Shinallatak kipakashuk suyumanta kashpaka anti llaktakunapiyuyarishpaka ishkay Mamallaktapi kawsanayuyaytami charina, saywakunapika kasillarimanakuna kuska tiyachunmi yuyana, kipakakaymi kulla Apya-Yala tukuypi hatun llika ukupishina wiñarishpa sinchiyarina kan, ashallakuskakunapi shukmanta mana rakirishpaallichirina kanchu, Chawpi Apya-Yalata, Caribellaktatapash kimirishka llaktakuna kaktamiyuyarina.

8.8.2. Allpapachakawsaypi yaykurina

Ecuador llaktaka Apya-Yalata yallishpami pushaktukunata munan, paypak kikin ushaywanmi allpapachapika pushak tukunataka munan, Ecuador

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llaktaka Mamallaktapi tiyakwan mushukllankaykunata rikuchishpami chay pushaytakarikuchishka, kayka Pachamamata kamanakatikillami kan, Yasuni ITT kuskapi tiyakpunkarata allpa ukupi wakaychishpamirikuchishka, shina rurashpaka sachakuna,wiwakuna ama wañuchun nishpami shuktakllaktakuna kullkiwan yanapachunmi mañanka.Kayka ukunmanta runakunawan, pachamamawankawsaypi kimirinakuy rikuymi kan.

Kay mushuk kawsay yachaymantaka Ecuadorshinallatak shuktak llaktakunapash tukuyMamallaktakunaman rikuchinata ushanmi, kaymushuk yachaykunata paya llankaykunawanchimpapuranata ushanmi, shina Europa, África,Asia y Oceanía llaktakunawan kimirichunyanapakmi kan, shinami Sumak Kawsayyuyaykunata sinchiyachinka, chaypakmi istallaktakunawan yanaparinkapa tawka runakunakay yuyayta churashkanchik.

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8.9. shuyu: Allpapacha shuk mamallaktakunawan tinkirinaman rikuy akllay

Sapi: SENPLADES,2009.


8.9. Mushuklaya karupi llankayta,mana ñitirishkatapashsinchiyachina, llankay yuyayushaywan, kawsana llaktapillankaytapash sinchiyachina

Mana pakta pakta saywashka allpami rikurin.Kawsaypi alli kachun mutsuykuna tiyashpa, tiksimutsuykunata paktachishpa kushichikpimisaywashka allpakunapi kullkimanta tawkasamirimaykuna anchayarishpa tiyashka, chay llakipakkullkita churakpipash hatun kamachikkunamana kimirishpa, mana pakta yuyaykuna

tiyakpika ashtawan llakimi rikurishka, karupikawsak llaktakunawan, umayashka llaktawanmana paypurashina apanakushpa, shuklla yuyaytacharishkamantaka llakimi rikurin (Barrera, 2006).

Ecuador llaktapi, karu llaktapi kawsakllaktakunawan kamachikkuna llankayka kaychunka watakunapi mana allita llankarishkachu,mana kamaywasi tukushkamantami mana allikashka; alli kamachiykuna illashkamanta,kamaywasikuna awllikunata mana kushkamanta,llaktakunapi llankak kamachikkuna mana allirurashkamanta, mushuk ushaykunatasaywashkamanta kullurishkami rikurin.


Kawsana llaktapi llankanaka shuk kuskallallaktapi tiksi tukuylla llaktayta imashinamirachinatami nisha nin; karupi kamachinakamay alli llankaytami waktan, tukuyllallaktaytami mana alli paktachichin, kaytatkikunata shuklla rurakkuna, tukuyllarurakkunatapash mana yanapanchu. Imashinakaykunaka yuyayta paktachinkapak tantarin,shinallatak saywashka allpapi llankayñanta,mutsurik kullkita, pushayta, katikuyta,ruraykunata alli mana allita rikunata, churashkallankayñanpi paktana yuyayta rikuchin.

8.9.1. Uchilla llaktakunapi sapansapan pushay ushay53

Shuktak uchilla llaktakuna ushaypi mushukllankanata rikuchinaka, shuktaksami chikanMamallaktapi yuyanatami kun, kawsana llaktatarurankapa llakta ushay llikata ukumanapachunmi yuyachin, akllashkapash kachunninmi, Mamallaktapi shuktak llaktapikamachiynaka tukuypi yuyachunmi nin;tawkasami paktayta paya wallpawan tukuyllankayta pushaypi chimpapuran, payllatakmichichan chikan llankayta rurachun rikuchin;allpa shuyupi ushaykunata, patapi kachunkullkita mashkanata, llankayta alli rikushpawillakta rikuchin. Ashtawankarin llaktakunapakmutsuyta paktachichun, shuk illluytatikrachichun mañan, shina tukuy llaktakunamushukyari katikukta pushashpa chaypillankachun.

Shuk uchilla llaktakunapi ushay, manawankurishka llankayta sinchiyachinkapaka,karupi kikinllatak kamachikk pushakkunatamisinchiyachina kan (GAD), Mamallakta wiñarinapaktaywan, llankayñanwan mukuyarichunmimutsurin, GAD kamachikkunasinchiyachunpash mutsurinmi. Shina katinkapallankanata wallpanka; chayta paktachinkapa,pakta yuyay wiñarichunka llaktaymi tankanakan. Kawsana llaktakunapipash kamachiytachuranami kan, runakuna chaypi kanchunkuskakunata mirachina, llaktayukkunapak ushaywallparichun tantarina, rimarinami kan.

8.9.2. Mañaymashkayta ushana,saywashka allpapakllankayñanpash

Achka kikinllatak karupi kamachikkunakallankayñanta charinkapa tawka wiñariyna

hillaykunatami wiñachishka, kaykunaka tawkallakikunmantami saywashka allpakunapillankaykuna paktayta mana chayachishka, chayhillaykunami achka alli achikllata paymanchayachishka, yachana yuyaykuna chay punchapikashpapash ashatalla willashka kashka,urayyachishka kashka. Paykunaka mana mañaymashkayta, rikurayayta, llankay katinatarikurkachu; mana ukumanta llaktay nayapaytacharirkachu, mana Mamallakta kamchikpaksaywashaka allpapi llaktay ñantawakaychirkachu, ashtawankarin tukuyllarurakkuna, shukpaklla rurakkuna mana paypaktashina hapirkachu.

Cahaymantami Paktay Yuyayka mashna kullkitatukuchina yuyayta kushpa tiyarin, tukuyllapikullkita churanata, mashna kullkita manunata,tukuylla llaktayshina tawkasamikamachikkunapak patapi llankaypikimirinakuchun yanapan. Yallitaka llaktakunawiñariyna llankayñanpimi yanapan, kayllankayñanka hayñita kamana shinami rikurin,saywashka allpapapi shuk mukuyachik shinanipami rikurin.

Shinallatak, wiñarina llankayñantaka,saywarishka allpapak kamachiyta SistemaNacional Descentralizado de PlanificaciónParticipativa ukupi churanami mutsurin.Llankayñan katikuyta, Mamallaktapika kunanmihillaykuna chayrak wallparikunkuna, saywarishkaallpa wiñariypi kallaripi tiyarichun hillaykunarurarinakun, murukuna rikurichun, arinishpayuyarinkapa willaykunaman yaykurina tiyarikun,kullkita churana, tukuylla llaktayta mashkana,Mamallaktapak sapan saywashka allpapitantanakuypak patakuna imashina alli mana allirikurishkata yachana.

Kawsana llaktapak kamachiywan, wiñariynapaktay yuyaywan kichkilla kimirinakuy tiyayka,tawka llankaykuna yaykurishka katikuymanmichuran, kayka tukuyllapak kullki alli tukurichun,saywashka allpapak kamachiy alli kachunmipatachin, kayka llankaykunatatantachishkamantami shina kan, llaktayukkunallankaykunapi chaypi kachun, chaymi alli kanka,allitak kankapash.

Chaymantami wiñariyna llankayñan, kawsanallaktapak kamachiypash chaypakllatak shukkatikuk tiyarin, muyukukpash kan, kayka tawkachikan chikan patakuna ushaytami charin,

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53 Kayka “waklli shunku, waklli ushay, waklli yuyaymanta llukshinkapakpash mashkayka” Falconí y Muñoz, 2007killkashkapi sapiyashkami.

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muyukuk llankayñantapash charinmi, kawsanallaktapak llankaypi rikurayay punchantakatikuypi rikurinka, paktachy, alli mana allitarikuypash tiyanka, kay yuyayka llaktakunapakkawsayta allichinkapami mashkan, chaywan shukllaktayta, ruraykunata, saywashka allpapiñawpakman llankanata churankapami mashkan.

8.1. shuyu: Katikuy ruraykuna,

llankayñan muyuypash

8.10.Kawsay llaktallankayñanpak yuyachiykuna

2009-2013 watakunapak “El Plan Nacional parael Buen Vivir” llankayka kawsana llaktakunapillankayñanta rikukuna milkami kan, EstrategiaTerritorial Nacional yuyayka ñankunata, tukuykamachikpak rurana patakunapi llankayñantahatun paskana kuskami kan. Llankayñan awlliushaypi, kikinyayta, ushaykunata manaurayyachik kakta rikuna kan. Kayka alli

llankaykuna rikurichunka saywashkami kanakan, shina paykunapak saywashka allpapillankaykunata charirayana kachun.

8.10.1. Uchilla suyukunapak katikilla

2007 watapi llaktayta mushukyachinakaMamallaktapak niñitishka tukuylla ruraykunatapaskanatakmi kan, shina kamachikkuna,runakunapash karuyashka kawsashkataashayachishpa kichkiyachinkapami alli kan;kamachikkunapak kamana patakunapimukuyashka llakikunata allichina. Chaymantahatun kamachikpak kamaykunatapaskashkankapa tatkikunata tankashkami kan;kaypaka kanchis llankayñankunata wiñachishkakan. Uchilla suyupak llankayñanka hatun kuskakimirinakuy tiyachunmi hillaykunata mirachin,kayta llankana kullkitami rikuchin, tukuyllakullkita imapilla tukuchinata, istallaktakunayanapayta, shuktakkunatapash, Mamallaktapakruraykuna paskarichun rikunmi.

Mushuk Mamallaktata uchilla suyu wallpawankarupi ruranaka chusku hatunchimpapuraykunatami charin, shina: 1) Tukuyllallaktaykunata llaktakunaman kachankapa,chaywan chikan chikan llaktapak mañaykunatachaskina kachun. 2) Saywashka allpakunapakawllikunamanta, ruraykunamanta shamukyuyaywan kamachiyta churana. 3) Plan Nacionalpara el Buen Vivir llankayta chayachinkapayanapachun, suni mitapi pushayyachayta,rakinata paktachichichun uchilla suyukunapiuktachun mirachina. 4) Mushuklaya wallpanakamayta yanapana, chay uchilla suyu allpakunapitukuylla llankaykunata mukuyachishpayanapana.

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Mamallaktapak kawsana llaktapak mushukllankaypak yuyari, uchilla suyupak llankayñanpakkatikillata wallpayka, shinallatak ruraytamihapishka, ishkantinpimi kimsa patapi hapishka,shina: 1) Kawsana allpata allinta rikunaka,kunan kawsana llaktapi imayala kanatarikushpami tukuchin; paypak ushayta,llakikunatapshmi rikun. 2) kayaman kawsnallakta imashina kanatami rikun, mushukñankunata rikuchunmi yanapan, mañashkasaywa allpata wallpanatami yanapan, 3) uchillasuyuta katishpami ruranakunata, ñawpamanllankanakunata rikuchin.

8.10.2. Wiñariynapak llankayñan,saywashka allpapakkamachiypash

Imashinami, Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivirllankayka, llaktayta, mushuk llankayta churan,

kayka kikinllatak karupi kamachikkunapakhatun ñankunatami rikuchin, sapan patakunapakushaywan, awlliwan yuyarishpami willan.Ñawpaman rikushka yachaykunami chayllatakyuyarina katikuyta, kishpiylla chaypikanatapaskan, maypimi kamachikpak tawka patapakllankayñankuna Hatun Paktay yuyaypakpaktachik hillaykunashina mukuyarishpa rinka,chayllatatak mushukyachinkapa, chaninkapaallikankapash, kawsana llaktapi mushuk llankay,uchilla suyupi kitikillapash kan.

Shukmantaka, Paktay yuyay, EstrategiaTerritorial nishkapash Mamallaktapak ushayllankaykunapimi yaykuchin, payka kikinllaktakkarupi kamachikpak allpa chawpipimi yatatacharin. Mushuk rurayta Mamallaktapirikuchishkapash sapan kawsana llaktamantahapishkami kana, kayka sapan kawsanallaktakunapi llankayñanta rurashpaka tawka

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8.10 shuyu: Suyukunapak llankayñan shuyukuna

Rurashka: SENPLADES

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rimaykuna tiyaktami yuyana kan, kaykaMamallaktapi ñawpaman paktana mirachinamankimirishka kanka, shukmantaka mawkayachinatachimpapuranami kan, allpa pampakunataMamallaktapak alli kachun ruraykunatahawaman churana. Wiñariyna llankayñanpakllañawpak ñankunata rurana, shinallatak kawsanallaktapak kamachiykunaka kamachikpak patapuramukuyachun yanapanka, kipuyta rurashka

willayta tantachishka kanka, llankayñanta ruraytaushachichun allpashuyutapash tantachishkamikanka. Chaypimi kikinllatak karupikamachikkunawan llankak kamaywasikunapak,runakunapak ushaykuna sinchiyarichun yapamutsurinka, llankayñanpak hawpacha paktayyuyay wallparikukpi mutsurik kachun, SistemaNacional Descentralizado de PlanificaciónParticipativa ashtawan sinchiyarichun kanka.

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Sumak Kawsaypak kikin mushuk llankaykaushaykuna wiñarichunmi mashkan, paypakmutsuykuna chayakpi, kushiyari tiyakpi,chanikuna wiñarishkamanta runakunapakllankay pacha alli kachun; chayka llakta ukupimañaykunawan rimashkamantami kanka. Kaymiachiklla muyuy wiñarichun ñanta paskan,shinami kullki kawsayta pukuchichun ñantapaskan, runakuna mutsurishkata paktachin,pachamamapak hayñita sumaychan, murukunapiyapashka chani mirarin, sumakyan,ushaykunapash wiñarin, kullkirayku allpa ukupitiyakunata llukshina ashayarin, wasipicharinakunata rantina ushay paskarin.Istallaktamanta apamushkakunata rantinallamikan, tukuylla arinishkawan Ecuador llaktaallpapachapi awkiyashpa yaykurishkamantapaktaymi kan.

Tukuyllapak kullki churaymi mushuk llankaypaktawkamanta shuk kallariy hillay kan, kullkitawakaychinata, kullki kuyurimantakushkamantami shina kan, achka murukunatacharinkapa ushachishkamanta kullkikullkayashkamantami shina kan, shina achkamurukunata mirachichun paktachin.

Shinallatak, llaki tiyak pachakunamantallukshinkapa tiksi yanapaymi kan, imashinarikuchimushka shina kikin kullkita charichunmillankayta kun, i) manarak ushaykuna,llankaypachakuna tiyakpi kullkiwanpaktachichun yanapan; ii) maypimi murukunapakchani ashtawan mirarik hatun kuskakunapi kullkikuyurichun, kullkarichunmi yanapan.

Kay pachakunata mana chinkankapayuyaykunata churanami may mutsuy kan,tukuylla kullki churayta rurankapa, tukuypakpashñanta ruranami kan; kuchulla pachapi, sunipachapi rurankapa yachaykuna rurana kan.

9.1. Ushayta, llankay pachatapashmirachinkapak, tiksimutsuykunata kushpakuchuyachina.

Shukniki mañayka kari warmi llaktayukkunataatikkuna kachun ushayta, llankaypachatacharichun sinchita tantachina; runakunamanllankachun, shina Sumak Kawsaymanchayachun. Tukuylla kullki churaymi, mutsuriktukuylla mitachikuna tiyachun kamanata kun,kay mañaykunata paktachichunmi yanapan,runakunapak ushayta yanapankapa ñantarakruran, shina: mikuymanta, yachaymanta, manaunkuchik alli kawsay, kawsana wasi, manaunkuna tiksi hillaykuna, ukllay, kawsaykamaytapash yanapanka.

Manarak imatapash rurashpa mañana yuyaykallankaypachapi mañayta hatun yachinami kan,kaytaka llankanakunata wiñachishpamurukunata mañankapa yaykunami kanka.Tantachik mushuk yuyayta, yanapaynakuytasinchiyachinami kanka, yanapaynakuy llankaytawarmikuna tankamushkatami ashtawansinchiyachina; murukuna tiyachun tukuyllahillaykunata sinchiyachina, kikinllatak llankayta

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9. Llankayñanta rurankapa yuyaykuna,tukuypak kullki yaykuy kallaripi kachun


ukllana, kikinllatak llankashpa, runakunatarikunata sinchiyachina.

9.2. Pukuchik hatunkapullankaykuna,chanita wiñachik kullkitakullkachinapash

Ishkayniki yuyay, chanita wiñachik pukuchikhatun kuskapi llikashpa kullkita kullkachina,kayka kamachikkunami pushashka kanka. KaymiMamallaktapak kullki wallpata kushka kanka,kimirik hatun kuskakuna kallaripi allpa ukupitiyakkunata llukshichinata rikuchin, chaymiashalla pachapi kullki churay tikramunka; kayhatun kuskakunapi kullki tiyarinaman yuyan;shuktak hatunkuskakunapi hatun yapachanikunata wiñachikkunata harkan.

Chani wiñarik hatun kuskakunapi kullki kullkariyuyay, kay hatun kuskakunapi mashnay kullkichuray ñanchishkata wallpakunaashayachinatami paktarin; paypak kullkimirarikta sinchiyachina, Mamallaktapak pukukllikakunata sinchiyachina. Kaysami kullkikullkayta kukpika kimsa patakunatamitantachinata ushanka, shina:

(1) Llikayay kapukyaykunata yanapachuntumpirik hillaykunata churanka, shina: wiñaypi,rakinapi, zirma ushayta tukuchinata, murukunatarupachishpa ushayta charina; uyarikkunata,ñankunata rurana; aparikkunata rikuna,puñunata, mikunata rikuna; taripak mushukwasikunata pampakunata, ruraykamaywasikunatapi, sumakllankay tiyakkunapiwiñachina, kamanapsh kan.

(2) Sumak yachay ushaykunata shayachina,kaykunaka: taripayta, amawtata, sumak ruraytashayachina, mushuk yuyayta wiñachinami kan.Kapuk kamaywasi hawa yachayta, sumakrurayhawa yachayta, chusku pata hatun yachayta,sumakrurayta tikra yachayta shayachina.

(3) Kapuk kamaywasikuna kay yuyaywanmirarichun:

• Tiksi mutsuykunata kuna, chayka:mikunakuna, away, ushuta ruray, kawsanawasikunata rurana, rurashkahampikunatapash kuna.

• Mikuna awkikayta, ushayta charik sumakrurayta sinchiyachina; Mamallaktawakllirikukta, shuktak llakta ukupi kaktaashayachina, sacha hampiwan, wiwa

hampiwan hampina, shina Ecuadorllaktapi tarpuykuna awkiyachun, punkarachakllichik ushay awkiyayta kamachun;hardware y software hillaykuna, utkachikanta hillaykunapash yanapachun.

• Ayllullakta riksina mitachikuna,pachamama mitachipash.

Shina kullkita churay yuyaykunata kallaripipaktachinaka, kullki kullkachinata rantinchishpamushukyachinapimi tiksirin, shinapash,yuyaypash pachata kallaripi churankapa allimikan, mañashkakunatarak paktachinakakullkikuna kullkarichun shuk tatkimi kan, shinapaykuna munashkata charichun.

Kallaripi kullkita churanata allichinami yapamutsurik rikurin, chayka kay yuyaykunatamipaktachinka, shinallatak llankaykunatawiñachichun ashalla pachakunapakmi churashkakanka, suyukuna pakta pakta kachun tiksimutsurikkunata rantina tukunka, saywashkaallpakunapi kapuk llikakunata, runakunapakkullki tukuchun yanapak kanka, charirayanakankapash.

9.3. Tukuyllapak kullki churaytaimashina akllashpachurankapa yachayñan

Mushuk yachayñanka Índice de Prioridad de laInversión (IPI) wiñarichunmi yaykuchin,imashina ñawpaman kullki churana yuyaytamicharichin, kunan pushakkunawan kullkichurayta mushukyachishkami kan, kaytakachusku kallarik yuyaykunata rikushka kan:

• Llankaykunata wiñachina• Suyukuna pakta pakta kay(NBI)• Kapukkuna llikayay• Pachamamapi tiyashkata charirayana

Sapan ñawpak yuyayman mayman kimirishkakashkamanta kullkita churarin, mashnakullkiwan ushay wiñarinatami rikuna kan.

Kawsana llakta paktapakta kachunka, chaypi kakñawpakyuyaytami allikakta chanishpa tupurin,may pampapi mana tiksimutsuykunata kukpiashtawan wakcha runakunakuna tiyakpi (NBI)tukuna kan; ñawpaman suyukunapi imashinallankaykuna rurari mitakunapi katikukpi rikunakan.

Kapukyay llikaka mamakullki mirarikkunatamirikun, kawsana llaktakunapi imashina

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llankaykuna katikushkatapash rikunmi.Mamallaktapi, ayllullaktapi kikinpak kullkitiyachun, mikuna kapukkuna rantinchirikuktayanapakushkatapash rikunmi, kanchamantaapamukushka kapukkunapak ranti tiyarikukta,mushuk llankay wiñarikushka kuskatapashrikunmi.

Pachamamata charirayanaka, pachamamapitiyakkuna rikushpalla hapina yuyaytamimirachin, hawapipash churan, pachamamatamana wakllichishpa alli llankaywan murukunatapukuchinatami ruraypitak alli rikun, istamanta

apamushka kapukkuna pachamamata amawakllichishpa kupayachichunmi rikun.

Tukuripika, mana kallarikpi mañashka hatunyuyaykuna, mamakullkita kullkachina, kallariktukuylla kullki churay tiksi rikuchik imashinallaktawan paktan, kayka kullki llaki tiyakpimiallichishka kana kan, kullkita tupunakichkiyachun, kayka kullkita rikushpallatukuchinatami rikuchin, sumakruray ushay,churashka kullkikuna wiñariychun, shinaMamallakta shamuk watakunapi kullkitacharichun.

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11. Mushuk Shimikunaachiklla = claridadachikllay = transparenteachka usuy = productividad, rendimientoalli mana allita rikuy – tupuy = evaluaciónalli shunkuyuk = ético/aantisuyu = oriente, amazoníaawkiyay = soberaníaawkiy = soberano/aayni = participaciónayninakuy llika = sistema de participaciónchakllichik = químico, químicachakray mushukyari = revolución agrariachayana = metachikan kay = diversidadchikan watayukpura = intergeneracionalchuki = mineralchuku = extraño, extranjerochulla chulla = desigualdaddeuda = manuhamutay = entender, comprenderhatun kuska = gran sector, sector grandeHatun Sumak Kawsay Paktaykuna = Plan

Nacional para el Buen Vivirhatunyariy = crecer, engrandecerhawayachina, hatunyachina = destacarhayñikuna = derechoshillay llankay = instrumento de trabajohillay willaykuna, willanakuykuna = medios de

comunicaciónhiwlla = transparenteimashinaruray = estrategia, métodoiñilyay = sostenibilidadishkanchina = duplicarista = ajeno, particular, extranjeroista llankay uku = empresa privadakamachik = autoridadkamachiy = leykamaywasikuna = ministerio, instituciónkapukkamay = industriakapukkamak = empresariokapuk mushukyari = revolución productivakarma = ámbitokaru uyarik = teléfonokashkata mana kanchu niy = contradicción

kati ruray = programación

katikilla, washanruray = agenda

katikuy = proceso

kawsana llaktakuna = territorios, comunidades

kawsaykamay = seguridad

kawsayllakta paktay yuyaykuna = planes de vida

kawsaypak manarak charishka mutsurikkunaKMCM = necesidades básicas insatisfechas NBI

kikinllatak hatunyariy = autorrealización

killkakamayukkuna = secretarías nacionales

kimirina ushay = democracia

kimirina-ushachimuy = democratización

kipapushak = vicepresidente

kiti = cantón

kulla = sur

kullki chimpapuray = tipo de cambio

kullki illaypi llaki kay = inestabilidad económica

kullki llaki = crisis financiera

kullki tiyaypi alli kay = estabilidad económica

kullki mushukyari = revolución económica

kullkipilla yuyal = liberalismo, neoliberalismo

kullkipilla yuyay llankayñan = política neoliberal

kullkipura rantinakuy = cotización

kuska = sector, lugar

kuska katikilla, kuska washanruray = agendalocal o sectorial

kuska llankayñan = planificación local /teritorial

kuska llankayñan = política local /territorial

kuska paktayyuyay = objetivo local o territorial

kutashka punkarasami KPS = gas licuado depetróleo GLP

kutin pakta rakiy = redistribución

kuyuchik yaku = gasolina

llakta llullak = populismo

llakta paktay yuyai = plan territorial

llaktay = política

llaktayuk = ciudadano/a

llaktayuk ñawinchina = veedurías ciudadanas

llankayñankuna = políticas

llankaywasi = empresa

llumi = duro

Mamallaktapi Tukuy Sami Tiyakkuna (MTT) =PIB

Mamallakta kullkikamay llika = macroeconomía

Mama kamay = Constitución

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Mamakamachiy = Constitución Política de laRepública

Mamallakta paktay yuyai = plan nacionalMamallakta = Estado, paísMamallakta kamachikkuna = funciones del estadoMamallakta kullki alli kay = equilibrio fiscalMamallakta kullki churay = inversión públicaMamallakta umallapi ushay = centralizaciónMamallaktapak killkakkamayukkuna =

secretarías nacionalesmana ushayriy = desafío, incapacidadmana paktaypak = desafíomañaray = demandamañaymashkay = gestiónmasma = espaciomintalana = comercializarmishananakuy = competencia, competitividadmita = períodomitachi = servicio (por período)mushukyay = revolución, renovaciónmutsuri llakikamayuk = sectorial, sectoresmuyuri = ciclonikiklinchi = internet, página webnipa = elementopakta kay yuyaylla = imparcialidadpaktachi rikuchik = indicadorespaktak kullkimanta illak = déficitpaktak kullkimanta yallik = superávitpaktakay = justiciapaktay tupu = metapaktakayta paki = desequilibriopaktay = objetivopaktayñan = planificaciónpaktay tupu, paktana = metapaktay yuyay = planificaciónpatachina = regularpatas = cacaopatma = parte, secciónpaya yuyay = ortodoxo, conservadorpunkara = petróleopushak = presidentepushak yachay = estrategiapushay yuyal = orientaciónranti ranti = reciprocidadrawra = combustible, gasolina

rikuchina = mostrar, plantearrimsi = mercurioruray yachay = técnicoruna kawsaykamay = seguridad socialruna kawsay mushukyay = revolución socialsampalla, kiwiriklla = flexiblesapi = origen, fuentesuyu = región, sectorshinalaya = paradigma, modeloshuk llaktakunapi ushay = descentralizaciónshulka = parroquiasumakyachay = tecnologíatantarichina = inclusióntantariy, wankuriy = integración, unión,

unificaciónTawkasami Kawsaypura Mamallakta = Estado

Plurinacional e Interculturaltawka sami pushay ukukuna = instituciones

multilateralestiksi = base, fundamentotinkichik wasikuna = ministerios coordinadorestinkiriy willanakuy = conectividadtsirapana = descongestionartinkirinakuy = inserción, combinacióntisis = discapacidadtiti = estañotikrachimuy = reivindicacióntukuypak kak = lo público, sector públicotukuypak kak mañaymashkay = gestión públicatumpina = respaldaruchilla llaktapak kamakkuna = gobiernos

autónomos descentralizadosushay = energía, potencia, potencialidades, poderwallpay = creación, estructuración, formaciónwankuriy = cohesión, organizaciónwaywana = disminuir, reducirwillanakuchik antay = telecomunicaciónwillayllika = página webwisisiy = aceite: combustible, comestibleyaku zirma = energía hidroeléctricayanka karay kullki = subsidio, bonoyanuna sami, waksi = gasyayuna = desconcentraryukuy = sexualzirma = electricidad, energía eléctrica

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