Openness?
Availability of content
User freedoms
(with the help
of digital technologies)
Remix culture
Read My Lips
Mash-ups
The President's Plane Tracker
Access to knowledge, information, culture
Traditional regulation made to fit the needs of analog times: a
limited number of authors, works, distribution channels and copying
possibilities
Traditional regulationanachronistic in digital times: many and
multiple authors, works, channels; unlimited copying
All rights reservedvs.
Some rights reserved
Aspects of openness
economic openness available for free technical openness
accessible to humans and machine readable (if it's not online, it
does not exist) legal openness freedom to use, reduced intellectual
property rights protection
Some rights reserved
Creative Commons licenses
free
standard
varied
internationally compatible
Attribution
NonCommercial
No Derivatives
ShareAlike
Open licensing
All Creative Commons licenses
= PublicDomain
= Some rightsreserved
Creative Commons provides licenses in three layers
XHTML code
human readable (commonsdeed)
legal code
Degrees of openness
Not available online / all rights reserved Open access
Some rights reserved No rights reserved / public domain
Fun facts #1
Doctorow - two books on the bestseller list New York Times,
published in over 60 countries
Nine Inch Nails - Ghosts album is available for free with CC
license, in 2009 was also the best selling album in MP3 format at
Amazon.com
Open Resources
accessibilityflexibilitydurabilitylow costs of creating
Open Source...
Term open source describes practices in production and
development that promote access to the end product's source
materials (not only in programing)...
Open source
Not just programming tools and code
Rules and cooperation mechanisms, Non-market incentives
Specificity of digital production: public good, marginal copying
and distribution costs
Open source
Copyright licenses : GNU General Public License
4 freedoms: run the program, study how the program works,
redistribute copies, improve the program
The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).
The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to
make it do what you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is
a precondition for this.
The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
(freedom 2).
The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to
others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community
a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is
a precondition for this.
Open source
Steven Weber: success of open source - as a model
open source is not necessarily good or morally beneficial
but we tend to underestimate value of openness (James Boyle)
Open source
25 years old
A sustainable ecology of actors and institutions, with
established methods of work
What does it mean?
Community support, knowlegde and usageLower cost = higher
accessibiltyEvery need can be satisfied, even unprofitableIf you
use it or creatre new you also share it and help next users
...journalismartmedicineand more
