World Politics- Topic: Myanmar _Prof: Gary Giss _Group Rain .Nguyen Thi Que Chi 1258005 .Nguyen Quoc Phi Khanh 1258024 .Le Tan Anh 1158005 .Le Thi Thu Ha (absent) .Tran Trung Hieu 1258022

I/ History of Myanmar

• The earliest inhabitants: Tibeto-Burman people, established the Pyu city-states as far south as Pyay and adopted Theravada Buddhism.

• Early 9th century: Bamar people, entered the upper Irrawaddy valley Pagan Kingdom (1044–1287).

• After the First Mongol invasion (1287): Kingdom of Ava, the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, the Kingdom of Mrauk U and the Shan States were principal powers

Major Pyu City-States Map

• Second half of the 16th century, the Taungoo Dynasty (1510–1752) reunified the country

• On 23 March 1752: 266-year-old Taungoo dynasty was ended by a rebellion

• Second half of the 18th century, the Konbaung Dynasty (1752–1885) restored the kingdom.

• The Anglo-Burmese wars (1824) eventually led to British colonial rule

Taungoo Dynasty (1510–1752)

• British rule brought several enduring social, economic, cultural and administrative changes.

• The country has been in one of the longest running civil wars that remains unresolved (from 1948)

• From 1962 to 2010: one of the least developed nations in the world

II/ Social

Population• 1983 : 35,4 million• 2009 : 59.2 million• 2012 : 60,5 million• 2014 : 51.5 millions • Females : 51.8% - Males : 48.2%• 10,889,348 households & 4.4 people/ household

Literate :• Literate rate : 92.7%• Rank : #127 • 90% aged 15 could write and read

DEMOGRAPHIC

Birth and death• Birth rate : 18.89 per 1000• Death rate : 8.05 per 1000 • Low fertility rate – 1983 : 4.7 – 2001 : 2.4– 2011 : 2.23• Delays in marriage , the prevalence of illegal

abortions & the high proportion of single

MOVEMENT OF REFUGEES AND INTERNALLY DISPLACE PERSON

• 100,000 Karen in refugee camps• 2006 : 160,000 refugees fled to Thai (62% : Karen)• Election in 2010 -> displaced 10,000 refugees• The Refugees score :decrease in 2012 ( peace process engaged

with ethnic minority groups)• Rohingya population remains stateless (Citizenship Act of

1982) -> 1,300 : died, ill-treated in overcrowded camps & in squalid ghettos, watched over by armed guards, ethnic violence

• 30,000 refugees (Bangladesh)

LEGACY OF VENGEANCE SEEKING

GROUP GRIEVANCE• Myanmar gained independence (1948) : insurgency

broke out– Insurgencies under parliamentary rule (1948-

1962)– Insurgencies under military rule during the Cold

War (1962-1988) – Insurgencies under military in the post Cold War

era (1988–present)

• 2006 : Burmese army offensive has been enacted against the KNU in the Karen State

-> 1/2 million people displace• Consequences

HUMAN FLIGHT• Reasons– Colleges could not provide suitable tertiary education– Failed economy, the scarcity of job opportunities and

the pressures of a growing population– Meager salaries– “How can a graduate in marine architecture, for

instance, find a job in a country where the construction of a ship occurs once in a blue moon?”

– Government : stifle the creation of new job opportunities

– Infrastructure and a different working culture

“In reality, I found myself as a guest when I went back there. And when I see all those attitudes almost daily online – all those judgments and opinions on political, religious and social issues, I do not want to stay in a place where many people have totally different views with me on those issues” _ Phay Thaw

III/Politics

_ Aung San Suu Kyi_ League of Democracy(NLD)_ Thein Sein President_ Free Election in 2013_ National Demo Force Party

Contitutional change• Much-hoped-for political progress has faltered.• 2 Aung San Suu Kyi's children

The comparison

The Challenging

IV/ Economics

• The poorest of ASEAN -Series of reform • Land reform• Using the natrural source

V/Way to Stabilize

• Fighting for democratic freedoms• End of Totalitarianism.• Implementing democracy.

• 11.07.2010 General Election voted New Myanmar's Parliament.• 7-step to democracy.

• "Building administrative government effective working and clean”.• Building a developing country, modern

and democratic.

• planned 8-year tax exemption for foreign businesses • enacted six laws about sales• export tax exemption