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Gilded Age
1. A Two-Party 1. A Two-Party StalemateStalemate
1. A Two-Party 1. A Two-Party StalemateStalemate
Intense Intense
Voter Voter Loyalty Loyalty
to theto theTwo Two
MajorMajorPoliticaPolitica
l l PartiesParties
Intense Intense
Voter Voter Loyalty Loyalty
to theto theTwo Two
MajorMajorPoliticaPolitica
l l PartiesParties
3. Well-Defined Voting 3. Well-Defined Voting BlocsBlocs
3. Well-Defined Voting 3. Well-Defined Voting BlocsBlocs
DemocraticBloc
DemocraticBloc
RepublicanBloc
RepublicanBloc
White southerners(preservation ofwhite supremacy)
Catholics
Recent immigrants(esp. Jews)
Urban working poor (pro-labor)
Most farmers
Northern whites(pro-business)
African Americans
Northern Protestants
Old WASPs (supportfor anti-immigrant laws)
Most of the middleclass
Well-Defined Voting Well-Defined Voting Blocs 2009Blocs 2009
emocraticBloc
Democrats RepublicansCatholics Pro businessJewishProtestants Catholics – pro lifeAfrican Americans ProtestantsRecent immigrants
Women women – pro lifeMost Farmers farmers in mid westYoung votersLower middle class Upper middle classMiddle class
Very Laissez Faire Very Laissez Faire Federal Govt.Federal Govt.
Very Laissez Faire Very Laissez Faire Federal Govt.Federal Govt.
From 1870-1900 Govt. did verylittle domestically.
Main duties of the federal govt.:
Deliver the mail.
Maintain a national military.
Collect taxes & tariffs.
Conduct a foreign policy.
Exception administer the annual Civil War veterans’ pension.
5. The Presidency as a 5. The Presidency as a Symbolic OfficeSymbolic Office
5. The Presidency as a 5. The Presidency as a Symbolic OfficeSymbolic Office Party bosses ruled.
Presidents should avoid offending anyfactions within theirown party.
The President justdoled out federal jobs.
1865 53,000 people worked for the federal govt.
1890 166,000 “ “ “ “ “ “
1880 Presidential 1880 Presidential Election: RepublicansElection: Republicans
1880 Presidential 1880 Presidential Election: RepublicansElection: Republicans
James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP)
1880 Presidential 1880 Presidential Election: DemocratsElection: Democrats1880 Presidential 1880 Presidential
Election: DemocratsElection: Democrats
1880 1880 Presidential Presidential
ElectionElection
1880 1880 Presidential Presidential
ElectionElection
1881: Garfield 1881: Garfield Assassinated!Assassinated!1881: Garfield 1881: Garfield Assassinated!Assassinated!
Charles Guiteau:I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur is President now!
Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)Pendleton Act (1883)
Civil Service Act.
The “Magna Carta” of civil service reform.
1883 14,000 out of117,000 federal govt.jobs became civilservice exam positions.
1900 100,000 out of 200,000 civil service federal govt. jobs.
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
1884 Presidential 1884 Presidential ElectionElection
Grover Cleveland James Blaine * (DEM) (REP)
A Dirty A Dirty CampaignCampaign
A Dirty A Dirty CampaignCampaign
Ma, Ma…where’s my pa?He’s going to the White House, ha… ha… ha…!
1884 1884 Presidential Presidential
ElectionElection
1884 1884 Presidential Presidential
ElectionElection
Cleveland’s First Cleveland’s First TermTerm
Cleveland’s First Cleveland’s First TermTerm The “Veto Governor” from New
York.
First Democratic elected since 1856.
A public office is a public trust!
His laissez-faire presidency:
Opposed bills to assist the poor aswell as the rich.
Vetoed over 200 special pension billsfor Civil War veterans!
Interstate Commerce Act - 1887
No more rebates Set up Interstate Commerce
Commission – regulate the railroad Commission weak until Congress
passed more effective enforcement laws
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection
1888 Presidential 1888 Presidential ElectionElection
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison (DEM) * (REP)
Sherman Anti-Trust
No more trusts or monopolies Enforcement difficult Courts used it to control unions instead
of businesses
1892 Presidential 1892 Presidential ElectionElection
1892 Presidential 1892 Presidential ElectionElection
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison again! * (DEM) (REP)
Cleveland Loses Cleveland Loses Support Fast!Support Fast!
Cleveland Loses Cleveland Loses Support Fast!Support Fast! The only President to serve
two non-consecutive terms.
Blamed for the 1893 Panic.
Defended the gold standard.
Used federal troops in the 1894Pullman strike.
Reforms and Reformers
Reformers – progressives
forward thinking people who wanted
to improve American life
the ills of society could be solved or
cured
Robert La Follette“Battling Bob”
More direct participation in government Introduced Primaries
voter’s select party’s candidates
Initiative – voters can propose legislation
Referendum- voters can overturn an existing law
Recall- voters can remove elected officials from office
Mother Jones
Mary Harris Jones March of the Mill Children Child Labor laws passed by states
“Slowly the cause of his children becomes the cause of all.”
John Muir
Protector of the Environment
Worked to set aside land for Parks
Upton Sinclair
Mukraker The Jungle – best
seller Congress passed
Meat Inspection Act Congress passed
Pure Food and Drug Act
Alice Paul
Wanted to win suffrage by constitutional amendment
states in the west gave women right to vote
Carrie Chapman Catt organized plans to win the right to vote
1920 – 19th amendment ratified
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Organized in 1874 Spoke out against “evils of
alcohol” Carrie Nation
radical crusader
18th Amendment – illegal to
sell alcohol in
United States
ratified in 1919
W.E.B. DuBois
Discrimination Lynching Disagreed with Booker T Washington –
education would win respect and jobs NAACP – worked for equal rights
Two Amendments
Income tax – 16 Amendment – ratified in 1913
Direct election on Senators – 17th Amendment
ratified in 1913
Election of 1896
William McKinley William Jennings Bryan
Republican Democrat
McKinley
USS Maine explodes in Cuban harbor Spanish-American war (chapter 23)
Election of 1900
William McKinley William Jennings Bryan
Republican Democrat
Teddy Roosevelt26th President
Intervenes in coal mining strike Makes Philippines a United States
territory Begins work on Panama Canal Youngest President (42)
Election of 1904
Roosevelt Alton B Parker
Republican Democrat
Teddy Roosevelt
Hepburn Act Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act
Election of 1908
William Howard Taft Bryan Republican Democrat
Taft – 27th President
Triangle Shirtwaist company fire Standard Oil asked to dissolve under
Sherman Anti-Trust act Eight hour work day for all workers with
federal contracts 16th amendment ratified
Election of 1912
Taft Woodrow Wilson Teddy RooseveltRepublican Democrat Bull Moose
In 1912 presidential campaign saw issues raised that raised questions about the future of
American democracy,direct democracyconservation of natural resources
the future shape of the American economy,
the tariff regulation of big business labor question
and the relationship between the federal government and American citizens.
women voting
race problems
Wilson – 28th President
New Freedom Federal Reserve system established 17th amendments ratified Panama Canal is completed WWI begins in Europe
