1. Peasants Revolt 1381

2. So hydous was the noyse--a, benedicitee!-Certes, he Jakke Straw and his meynee Ne made nevere shoutes half so shrille Whan that they wolden any Flemyng kille, As thilke day was maad upon the fox.Chaucer Nuns Priests Tale 3. Long-term Causes of Unrest Demographic Changes Labor laws Social mobility Distrust in lords and law Proletarianization of clergy Hundred Years War - failures 4. Immediate Causes of Unrest Between 1369-1381, wars with Scotland and France cost 1 million + Poll tax Fear and hatred of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, 5. France 1360 Treaty of Bretigny 6. Loss of Territory 7. Taxes Purpose Defense of territories against French 1377 Poll Tax 1379 Poll tax to 6.13s.4 1380 Poll tax 8. Taxes 1377 per couple 1379 per couple and also single men and women 1380 Per person over age 15 9. Tax Collection First Poll Tax, 1377: 22,000. Second Poll Tax, 1379: 18,600. Third Poll Tax, 1380: (three times 1377 assessment. = four days wages of a harvester). Military costs 100,000/year 10. Population-Outlying Regions Cornwall1377 34,2741381 12,056Cumberland11,8414,748Devon45,63520,656North Riding33,18515,690West Riding48,14923,029 11. Population-Central Regions Berks1377 22,7231381 15,696Essex47.96230,748Hants33,24122,018Kent56,55743,838Norfolk88,79766,719Wilts42,59930,627 12. Abusive Tax Collectors Knighton writes, would go from village to village and "shamelessly raise young girls' skirts, to discover whether they were corrupted by intercourse with men, and thus . . . compel their friends and parents to pay the tax for them, for many would rather choose to pay than to see their daughters so shamefully mistreated. 13. Sample of 180 100 1 to 5 18 over 5Rebels Status of Rebels agricultureadministrationclothing workercleric servant or laborermercahnt crafts 14. Norfolk 15. Essex Origins of Rebels 16. Places of unrest in Essex 17. Rebels in Essex and Kent 18. When Adam dalf, and Eve span, who was thanne a gentilman? From the beginning all men were created equal by nature Servitude had been introduced by the unjust and evil oppression of men, against the will of God Uproot the tares that are accustomed to destroy the grain; first killing the great lords of the realm, then slaying the lawyers, justices and jurors, and finally rooting out everyone whom they knew to be harmful to the community in future John Ball, sermon quoted by Walsingham 19. Marshalsea PrisonIn Dickens timeToday 20. London 21. Inside London 22. The Rebel Leaders 23. Women of the Rebellion Margaret Stafford, in Larkfield, helped the people to rise up Julia Pouchere, the wife of Richard, met rebels from Canterbury and Essex and goaded them to attack the Maidstone prison 24. Women of the Rebellion Katherine Gamen set loose a boat to prevent the escape of Chief Justice John Cavendish from the mob in Lakenheath Johanna Ferrour went as the chief leader to the Tower of London, and she laid violent hands first on Simon, recently archbishop of Canterbury, and then on Brother Robert Hales . . . and she dragged them out of the Tower and ordered that they be beheaded. 25. Against Writing Margery Starre was said to have tossed the ashes of burnt documents to the winds, crying: "away with the learning of clerks! away with it!"'Federico, Sylvia. "The Imaginary Society: Women in 1381." The Journal of British Studies 40.2 (2001): 159-183. 26. Richard Negotiator 27. Demands Reduce land rents to reasonable levels. Abolish the poll tax Pardons for all rebels. Charters for peasants laying down a number of rights and privileges; overturn of laws restricting labor. All "traitors" were to be put to death. 28. Murder of Sudbury 29. Death of Tyler 30. Richard Defuses Mob 31. Fate of rebels Commissions Identified Pardoned Executed Killed in battleEssex 954 63 27Norfolk 1214 61 34