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Leadership Styles: Autocratic
(Authoritarian) O does not consult employees for input
O subordinates expected to obey orders without explanations
O motivation provided through structured rewards and punishments
O possess total authority and impose their will on employees
O countries such as Cuba and North Korea operate under the autocratic leadership style.
O this leadership style benefits employees who require close supervision.
O Creative employees who thrive in group functions detest this leadership style.
"I WILL ALWAYS CHOOSE A LAZY PERSON TO DO A DIFFECULT JOB, BECAUSE HE WILL FIND AN EASY WAY
TO DO IT" -Bill Gates
"I'm not bossy I just know what you should be doing"
Leadership Styles: Bureaucratic
O Manager manages “by the book¨
O If it isn’t covered by the book, the
manager refers to the next level above
him or her
O Everything must be done according to
procedure or policy
O Police officer more than leader
Leadership Styles: Democratic
Leadership Styles: DemocraticO Often referred to as participative style
O Keeps employees informed
O Shares decision making and problemsolving responsibilities
O “Coach” who has the final say, but…
O Gathers information from staff membersbefore making decisions
O Leadership boosts employee moralebecause employees make contributions tothe decision-making process.
Democratic Continued…
O When a company needs to make changes within theorganization, the participative leadership style helpsemployees accept changes easily because they play a role inthe process.
O This style meets challenges when companies need to make adecision in a short period.
O Help employees evaluate their own performance
O Allows employees to establish goals
O Encourages employees to grow on the job and be promoted
O Recognizes and encourages achievement
O Can produce high quality and high quantity work for long periods of time
"Leader don’t create more followers, they create
more leaders" Tom Peters
Leadership Styles: Coercive
OPower from a person’s authority to punish
OMost obvious types of power a leader has.
OGood leaders use coercive power only as a last resort: O In today’s sophisticated and complex
workplace, excessive use of coercive power unleashes unpredictable and destabilizing forces which can ultimately undermine the leader using it.
When to use Coercive
Leadership Styles: TransactionalO Motivate followers by appealing to their own
self-interest
O Motivate by the exchange process. O EX: business owners exchange status and wages for
the work effort of the employee.
O Focuses on the accomplishment of tasks & good worker relationships in exchange for desirable rewards.
O Encourage leader to adapt their style and behavior to meet expectations of followers
Transactional Cont.O Managers using the transactional leadership style receive
certain tasks to perform and provide rewards orpunishments to team members based on performanceresults.
O Managers and team members set predetermined goalstogether, and employees agree to follow the direction andleadership of the manager to accomplish those goals.
O The manager possesses power to review results and trainor correct employees when team members fail to meetgoals.
O Employees receive rewards, such as bonuses, when theyaccomplish goals.
Leadership Styles: Transformational
O Charismatic and visionary
O Inspire followers to transcend their self-interest for the organization
O Appeal to followers' ideals and values
O Inspire followers to think about problems in new or different ways
O Common strategies used to influence followers include vision and framing
Transformational cont.
O Instils feelings of confidence, admiration and commitment
O Stimulates followers intellectually, arousing them to develop new ways to think about problems.
O Uses contingent rewards to positively reinforce desirable performances
O Flexible and innovative.
When to use Transformational
O When leaders want members to be an active part of the organization and have ownership to it
O When leaders are building a sense of purpose
O When the organization has a long term plan
O When people need to be motivated
"(He) possessed the gift of silence."
(Comment by President John Adams about George Washington)
Leadership Styles: Laissez-Faire
Leadership Styles: Laissez-FaireO Also known as the “hands-off¨ style
O Little or no direction
O Gives followers as much freedom as possible
O All authority or power is given to the followers
O Followers must determine goals, make
decisions, and resolve problems on their own.
O Employees are highly skilled, experienced, and educated
O Employees have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own
O Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used
O Employees are trustworthy and experienced
When to use Laissez-Faire
Laissez-Faire
Other Referenced Theories
Theory X and Theory Y
O Theory X and Theory Y each represent different ways in which leaders view employees.
O Theory X is the traditional view of direction and control by managers.
O Theory Y is the view that individual and organizational goals can be integrated
Management/Leader
Tight control, lots of rules, no
freedom
Staff/
Followers
Staff/
Followers
Lots of freedom, creativity & responsibility
Management/
Leader
Other Referenced TheoriesOther Referenced Theories
Hersey-Blanchard
Situational Leadership
OBased on the amount of direction (task-
behavior) and amount of socio-emotional
support (relationship-behavior) a leader
must provide given the situation and the
"level of maturity" of the followers.
Selecting a StyleO Some people are motivated by reward
O Some people are motivated by punishment
O Social systems work best with a chain of command
O When people have agreed to do a job, a part of the deal is that they cede authority to their leader
