MOHANLAL SUKHADIA UNIVERSITY

Submitted to: Submitted By:Deepti Sharma Amulya

Democracy is a form of govt in which eligible citizens participate equally- either directly or indirectly through representatives.

There are two types of democracy-1.Parliamentary form of Democracy2.Presidential form of Democracy

PARLIAMENTRY GOVERNMENT

Parliamentary Government

•a democratic form of government in which the people vote for those who represent the political party they feel best represents their views of how the government should operate

In a Parliamentary Democracy

•Parliament, the legislature the people elect, makes and enforces the laws of the country.

•The leader is often called a prime minister (or premier), and the prime minister is a member of parliament.

•The prime minister is usually chosen by the political party that wins a majority of representatives (or seats) in the parliament.

•The Prime minister is the head of the govt.

In a Parliamentary Democracy

•The prime minister leads the executive branch of the government and must answer directly to the parliament for the actions taken and the policies recommended.

•In many parliamentary democracies, a head of state like a queen, king, or president is the head of state but is basically a ceremonial leader.

In a Parliamentary Democracy . . . .

•A prime minister holds power for the term of office set by a country’s constitution.

•A prime minister leads the work done by the parliament, and the Prime Minister is helped by his cabinet, a group of advisors.

•A prime minister may be voted out of office before his or her term runs out if the party he or she leads begins to lose power. (New elections may be held before the prime minister’s term of office is over.)

FEDERAL SYSTEM

• The division of power between the state govt and the centre or union govt.

• UNION GOVT+STATE GOVT=POWER

DIVISION OF POWER IN 3 LISTS• Union listConsists of issues of national concern eg,currency,defence….Only Union government can make laws.

• State listConsist of issues of state importance eg,housing,transport…Only state government can make laws.

• Concurrent listConsist issues common in both the list eg,Education….Both the government can make laws.

Presidential government

Presidential Democracy(Sometimes called Congressional)

•a democratic form of government in which a president is chosen to be the leader

•The executive branch exists separately from the legislature (to which it is generally not accountable).

In a Presidential Democracy . . . .

•A president, or chief executive, is chosen separately from the legislature.

•A president is in a separate branch of the government.

•The legislature passes the laws, and the president sees that the laws are enforced.

•The president holds power separately from the legislature, but the president does not have the power to dismiss the legislature or force them to make specific laws.

In a Presidential Democracy . . . .

•The president is the official head of government.

•The legislature does not have the power to dismiss the president, except in severe cases. (Example: when the president has broken a law)

•The president is both the head of state and the head of the government.

Comparison between Parliamentary and Presidential form of govt

• 1. In the Parliamentary form of government, there are two heads. One is a nominal head while another is the real head. For example, in India, the President is the nominal head while the Prime Minister is the real head. The President of India is the head of state while the Prime Minister is the head of government. But in the Presidential form of government, there is only one head. The President of America is the head of state as well as the head of government.

• 2. In the Parliamentary system, the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister is responsible to the legislature. But in the Presidential type, the President and his ministers are not responsible to the legislature.

• 3. In the Parliamentary type, the Council of Ministers will lose office if it loses the vote of confidence / no confidence. But in the Presidential type, the President cannot be ousted from power by a vote of no-confidence. He can be removed from office though impeachment which is much more difficult than the vote of confidence/no confidence.

• 4. In the Parliamentary system, the government does not enjoy a fixed tenure."For example, in India the government can stay in power for five years. But any time during this period, the government can be removed from power through a vote of no-confidence. In the Presidential system, the President has generally a fixed tenure because it is not easy to impeach him.

• 5. There is not strict separation of powers in the Parliamentary type. The ministers are also members of the legislature. But, in the Presidential type, the principle of separation of powers is strictly followed. In the US, the President and his Ministers (Secretaries) are not members of the Congress.

• 6. In the Parliamentary system, the Prime Minister is not fully free to choose his ministers. He has to choose them from among the members of Parliament. But in the Presidential system, the President enjoys much more freedom in selecting his ministers. He selects them from a much wider field taking into account their experience and expertise.

• 7. At the time of crisis the Presidential executive is more successful in taking prompt and bold decisions than the Parliamentary government.

• 8. The Presidential system of government provides more political stability than the Parliamentary form of government.

• 9. As the government in the parliamentary system is responsible to the Parliament, it is more democratic and respectful of public opinion than the Presidential executive which is not responsible to the legislature.

Comparison of Parliamentary and Presidential Systems

Differences Presidential Parliamentary

Structure of the executive Single-headed Double-headed

Source of the executive People Parliament

Responsibility of the executive to parliament

No Yes

Cancel of parliament by the executive

No Yes

Same person be part of legislative and executive

Not possible Possible

Take part in the works of parliament by executive

Not possible Possible

THE END