4301 4305.output

* GB784708 (A)

Description: GB784708 (A) ? 1957-10-16

A mechanical gland seal for rotor shafts of vane and other rotary pumps

Description of GB784708 (A)

PATENT SPECI WCA Tr ION nvewntors: JOHN WILLIAM CHUBB and WILLIAM THOMAS TANK 784,708 No 5281154. Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 122 ( 5), B 13 C 2 (A E 1 C: E 3 A G 2: G 3). International Classification: -F 06 j. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION A Mechanical G&land Seal for Rotor Shafts of Vane and other Rotary Pumps We, JAMES WALKER AND COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company of " Lion " Works, Woking, Surrey, England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates in general to a mechanical gland seal for preventing the escape of liquid along the rotor shafts of vane and other rotary pumps, particularly those employed for pumping petrol, the seal preventing leakage of petrol from the interior to the exterior of the pump casing along the rotor shaft All such pumps are hereafter referred to as " rotary pumps ". The object of the present invention is to provide an improved mechanical gland seal of the kind comprising means making sealing contact with a flange on the shaft and a packing ring making sealing contact with an inside face of a housing, which may be fitted as a unit to rotary pumps of at least two well known designs and be capable of preventing the leakage of petrol from the pumps' casing along their rotor shafts. Broadly the present invention consists in a mechanical gland seal for a rotary pump to prevent the escape of liquid from the interior of the pump casing along its driving or rotor shaft, said mechanical gland

seal comprising a housing, a flange which rotates with the said shaft, an annular carrier, a carbon ring held by said carrier in sealing contact with a face on the flange to prevent the escape of liquid from the interior of the pump casing to the inside of the annular carrier, an D-seal, Hi-seal or other suitable packing ring arranged to make sealing contact with an inside face of the housing to prevent the escape of the liquid from the interior of the housing, and means for applying a yielding pressure to hold the carbon ring firmly against the face on the flange, said means being adjustable to vary the pressure. lPrice 3 s S t In one embodiment of the invention the mechanical gland seal comprises the combination with a spring bellows of a compression ring adjustable longitudinally within the hous 50 ing for applying a yielding pressure against the annular carbon ring carrier to hold the carbon ring firmly against the face on the flange, said spring bellows dividing the interior of the housing into two longitudinal annular 55 compartments with the inner compartment isolated from the outer compartment and the carbon ring sealing the interior of the spring bellows against entry of liquid from the pump casing, and an 10-seal or other packing ring 60 carried by the compression ring and making sealing contact with the opposing inside face of the housing preventing leakage of liquid from the exterior of the spring bellows. In another embodiment the packing which 65 makes sealing contact with the inside face of the housing is compressed between a spring loaded header ring and the opposing face of the carbon ring carrier and wherein the yielding pressure which is applied by the spring loaded 70 header is varied by adjusting the longitudinal position of a nut in engagement with the housing the arrangement being such that said yielding pressure acts both to expand the said packing into sealing contact with the inside 75 face of the housing and to hold the carbon ring firmly against the said face on the flange. In this embodiment it is proposed to use as the packing an E 1-section seal having a sealing lip at its four outer extremities and to make 80 the opposing faces of the spring loaded header ring and the carbon ring carrier wedge shape so that when the packing is compressed it will be expanded and the four flexible sealing lips will be pressed into contact with the 85 contacted surfaces. The annular carxier which supports the carbon ring in a mechanical gland seal according to the present invention is, for preference, stepped to provide a surface which is normally 90 separated from an opposing surface at the inner end of the bore of the housing by a disDate of filing Complete Specification March 22, 1955. Application Date Feb 23,1954. 784,708 tance which is less than the thiclkness of the carbon ring so

that when the carbon ring wears, the above surfaces will come into contact and prevent a condition arising where, as a result of wear of the carbon ring, a surface on the carbon ring carrier will come into contact with the flange on the pump rotor shaft. In pumps in which the rotor is overhung and is carried on one end of the driving shaft only one gland seal of the present invention is required but where the shaft extends on both sides of the rotor the gland seal is required for each such shaft extension. In order that the invention may be clearly understood and carried into effect an example according to each of the above embodiments will now be described, by way of example, by aid of the accompanying drawings, in which:Fig 1 is a longitudinal section through a mechanical gland seal according to the first of the above described two embodiments in which the resilient pressure on the carbon ring is obtained from a spring bellows and Fig 2 is a similar view illustrating a m-echanical gland seal according to the second of the aforesaid embodiments in which one of the packings comprises an V 5 a-section seal ring and the resilient pressure on the carbon ring is derived from a spring loaded header the thrust on which is taken by a longitudinally adjustable support in the form of a nut in threaded engagement with the outside of the housing. In the two examples illustrated the same reference numerals are used to indicate lile parts. Referring now to Fig 1 the mechanical gland seal therein illustrated comprises a tubular housing 1 having at its inner end an integral flange 2 by means of which it is bolted to an outside face of the pump casing 3 This unitary structure is machined to provide two concentric bores 4 and 5 of different diameters with the bore 5 having the smaller diameter so as to provide a flat surface 6 on one side forming the bottom or inner end of the larger bore 4 and a projecting lip 7 on the opposite side dimensioned to fit closely within the outer end of a recess 8 in the opposing face of the pump casing 3 so as accurately to locate the housing unit in relation to the pump driving shaft 9 whereby the bores 4 and 5 are concentric with the pump driving shaft. Fitting slidably within the bore 4 and positioned at the inner end thereof is an annular carrier 10 for a carbon ring 11 This ring is forced into firm contact with an opposing face on a flange ring 12 by means comprising a spring bellows 13, a compression ring 14 and a pressure adjusting nut 15 in threaded engagement with the exterior of the housing 1. The flange ring 12 on the pump driving shaft 9 rotates with said shaft relative to the carbon ring 11 which is held against free rotational movement and acts in conjunction with the contacted face on the ring 12 to provide a seal to prevent liquid that has leaked into the recess

8 from finding it, way into the interior of the spring bellows 13. The spring bellows acts to divide the 70 interior of the housing into two longitudinal compartmnent, an inner compartment 16 and an outer compartment 17 and thiese compartments are isolated from each other against the transfer of liquid by fiting the extremities of 75 the spring bellows into annular grooves 18 and 19 in the opposing faces of the carrier 10 and the compression ring 14 respectively. As is obvious from the dra-wing the rotation of the adjusting nut 15 so as to force inwards 80 the compression ring 14 will increase the pressure exerted by the spring bellows against the carrier 10 and thus the pressure with which the carbon ring 11 presses against the opposing face on the flange ring 12 As will also 85 be seen from the drawing the front face of the carrier 10 is separated from the opposing face 6 at 'dihe inner end of the bore 4 a distance less than the distance the carbon ring 11 projects beyond the face of its carrier 10 The two 90 non-rotating faces will therefore come into contact when the carbon ring has worn down an equivalent distance and so prevent the opposing face of the non-rota-ting carrier from coming into contact with the moving face on 95 the rotating flange ring 12 with consequent damage to both. The liquid-proof seal provided by the rubbing contact between the carbon ring and the flange ring 12 serving to prevent the ingress 100 of liquid from the interior of the pump casing into the compartmnent 16 on the inside of the spring bellows is duplicated in effect by an b-seal 26 fitting in a groove in the outside periphery of the compression ring 14 and 105 making sealing contact with the face of the bore 4 This 0-seal acts to prevent liquid from within the outer compartment 17 escaping past the comnpression ring Liquid that has seeped into the recess 8 is thus trapped 110 against escape in an outward direction by two seals, one of which includes the carbon ring 11 and the other of which includes the 0-seal 20. Referring now to the embodiment illus 115 trated in Fig 2 the carbon ring 11 is held firmly against the opposing face of the flange ring 12 by the combination of the adjusting nut 15 and a spring loaded header ring 21 acting through the carrier 10 and an H-section 120 seal ring 22 which is interposed between opposing conical faces on the header ring 21 and the carrier so as to be compressed thereby and so expanded into sealing contact with the opposing section of the bore 4 to prevent 125 liquid from escaping past the exterior of the header ring 21. The springs for loading the header 21 are mounted in a compression ring 14 at spaced intervals around a circle and each spring 23 is 130 784,7 i)3 housed within a pocket in the compression ring and surrounds the stem of a pin 24 having an enlarged head 25 in contact with the

opposing face of the header 21 through which the spring acts to apply resilient pressure to the header. The pressure applied by the series of springs is varied similarly to Fig 1 by rotating the adjusting nut 15 and locking the same in the adjusted position by a locknut 15 a as is clearly understandable from the drawing. In the present embodiment the flange ring 12 is provided with a rearwardly extending cylindrical portion 12 a and is mounted directly on the shaft 9 so as to rotate with it and this portion 12 a serves to provide a mounting for a pain of 0-seals 20 to prevent leakage by seepage of liquid between the shaft and the portion 12 a. The carrier 10 in this embodiment is also modified by providing the same with a rearwardly extending cylindrical portion l Oa to afford support to the inner periphery of the H-section seal ring 22 as the same is expanded laterally to force its four corner lips into sealing contact with the engaging surfaces. A further refinement resides in the provision of passages 26 in the carrier 10 leading from the space on the exterior of the carbon ring to between the transverse centre of the H-section seal ring and the apex of the wedgeshape face of the carrier 10 so that the pressure is equalised on opposite sides of the carrier 10. In the present example as illustrated the housing 1 is bolted to a connection plate 27 and this in turn is machined to provide the locating lip 7 This modification is, of course, only required where the design of pump calls for it In other instances where the connection plate is not required the design of housing may be as shown in Fig 1.

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* GB784709 (A)

Description: GB784709 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Fixed frequency amplifier


PATENT SPECIFICATION. 784,709 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 30, 1954. No 9312/54. Application made in United States of America on Aug 13, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 37, T( 1:2). International Classification:- 11 l Olb. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Fixed Frequency Amplifier We, STANDARD COIL PRODUCTS CO, INC, a Corporation organized and existing under the Laws of the State of Illinois, United States of America, of 1919 Vineburn Avenue, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to fixed frequency amplifiers for use as intermediate frequency amplifiers in radio or television receivers Heretofore such I F amplifiers were assembled and wired in the necessary number of stages on the chassis of the receiver itself, and where a number of stages of amplification are required the wiring is difficult and expensive Further the maintenance of such a receiver requires considerable skill if even one of the electrical elements is required to be changed, since then quite often the removal of a number of further elements are required Still further in this method of wiring economy in space is not apparent. The present invention sets out to construct a fixed frequency amplifier stage so that ( 1) it occupies the smallest possible space, ( 2) it has the required electrical characteristics, and ( 3) it may be easily serviced and adjusted. According to the invention there is provided a fixed frequency amplifier stage, comprising a printed circuit base in which a plurality of openings are formed, a socket mounted at one opening including a plurality of clips around its edges for connection to the prongs of a multi-electrode vacuum tube, further openings being of a slot-like nature to receive disc capacitors in an edgewise manner, and still further openings being adapted to receive terminal connectors all of said openings being positioned in the printed circuit. lPrice 3161 Preferably insulating tubular formers are mounted in an

endwise manner in the printed circuit base, the said tubular formers having inner and outer electrodes at least one of which is connected direct to the printed cir 50 cuit and having one or more inductive windings at a position remote from the base. The openings to retain the disc capacitors or the tubular formers are preferably of tapered shape to ensure a tight grip 55 In the construction of the amplifier stage a dielectric plate of the correct dimensions is first provided with openings to house the various capacitors and the tube socket, the openings for the smaller disc capacitors being 60 in the form of slots Prior to the insertion of the capacitors and tube socket the dielectric plate is processed by any of the well-known printed circuit techniques so that the electric circuit appears on one surface of the plate 65 The capacitors and the tube socket are then inserted and the whole is dipped in solder and appropriately cleaned With the addition of the tube and adjusting screws for the trimmer capacitors the amplifier stage can be 70 mounted on the chassis. In order that the invention may be clearly understood one embodiment thereof will be described by way of example with respect to the accompanying drawings in which: -75 Fig 1 is a plan view of a printed circuit fixed frequency amplifier stage of the invention; Fig 2 is the electrical circuit diagram for the fixed frequency amplifier stage of Fig 1, 80 Fig 3 A is a perspective view of one stage of the fixed frequency amplifier stage of the invention showing the relative positions of the tuning capacitors and the electron tube; Fig 3 B is a bottom view of the ceramic 85 plate of the invention showing the relative position of the tube socket and ceramic disc capacitors; and Fig 3 C is a detailed view of the coil form and capacitor assembly 90 784,709 Referring first to Fig 1, a ceramic plate which in the present embodiment may be from 1/8 to 5/32 " thick is provided with a built-in miniature tube socket 11 Tube socket 11 in this particular embodiment is provided with seven terminals 12 which pass through an opening 13 of ceramic plate 10. Terminals 12 are crimped over the edge of opening 13 to hold socket 11 in place prior to a dip soldering operation for securing socket 11 on ceramic plate 10. The terminals 12 are connected with the printed circuit through connections 12 a. The insulating socket itself with the seven clips 15 connected to terminals 12 is on the other side of ceramic plate 10 as can be seen in Fig 3 B. The socket is retained positively in position by a disc 1 la riveted centrally thereto on the original side of plate 10 The ceramic plate 10 also has appropriate slots 16, 17, 18, 19 from 020 to 030 " wide and from approximately 1/4 to 3/8 " long in which disc type

ceramic capacitors 26, 27, 28 and 29 will be inserted after the circuit printing operation. Also, ceramic plate 10 is provided with rectangularly shaped slots 30 and 31 aligned and located at each end of ceramic plate 10. Circular openings 32 and 33 are provided for receiving trimmer capacitors 34 and 35, respectively, while rectangular slots 30 and 31, as will be seen hereinafter, serve to receive extensions of a conductive shield. After providing ceramic plate 10 with the above-mentioned slots and openings, an electrical circuit is printed on one surface of ceramic plate 10 using any well-known printed circuit technique At the end of this printing operation, a silver connecting pattern 40 will be fixedly secured to one surface of ceramic plate 10. It will be noted that the silver connecting pattern 40 surrounds openings 32 and 33 at 42 and 43. Subsequently to the soldering operation printed circuit resistors 50, 51, 52, 53 and 54 are screened on ceramic plate 10 using the standard resistor screening methods so that resistors 50-54 will be positioned between appropriate silver terminals such as terminals and 56 for resistor 50. Similar terminals are also provided for the other resistors during the screening on ceramic plate 10 of the silver connecting pattern. In this particular embodiment resistor 50, has a magnitude of 15 kilo-ohms; resistor 51, 47 ohms; resistor 52, 8 2 kilo-ohms; resistor 53, 1 kilo-ohm; resistor 54, 330 ohms. Some care has to be given to providing a length to width ratio on these resistors 50-54 so that they may be screened on the plate with a minimum number of separate screening operations The spread of ratio between the lowest valued resistor and the highest valued resistor on any one plate such as 10 usually makes it impossible to use the same resistor mix or carbon paint mix to cover all values of resistors required. In other words, resistors having a low 70 value would be very short and extremely wide while those having a high value would have to be very long and thin and when a required wattage rating of the resistors is taken into account, it becomes very difficult 75 to screen all resistors with a single screening operation unless, as previously mentioned, they are correctly designed. In this embodiment a 6 CB 6 miniature pentode is mounted on socket 11 to complete 80 the circuit of this intermediate frequency amplifier The insertion of the tube such as 6 CB 6 and denoted by numeral 115 (see Fig 3 A) into socket 11 imposes a strain upon the connectors 12 through the clips 15 of 85 socket 11 Any movement relative to the silver portions 40 and the tube terminals 12, both of which are

soldered together, is prevented by crimping, as previously described, terminals 12 of socket 11 and then solder-90 ing by dip solder to the ceramic plate 10. The slots such as 16, 17, etc, which serve to receive disc type capacitors 26, 27 etc, respectively, are tapered through the thickness of the plate 10 so that these discs 26, 95 27, etc will not fall through when they are placed into slots 16, 17, etc More than onehalf of each disc 26, 27, etc, should ride above the printed surface 40 of the plates 10 such as shown in Fig 3 A whilst the capacitor 100 electrodes should be located close to their respective terminal portions of the silver conductors so that good solder connections may be made. Appropriately designed jigs are used to 105 temporarily hold these disc capacitors 26, 27, etc, in place during the solder dip operation. A cylinder 60 is introduced in the opening 33 which opening 33 may be tapered 110 slightly to ensure a tight fit Ceramic cylinder 60 is provided with a silvered portion 64 which acts as one plate of trimmer capacitor 35 The other plate of trimmer capacitor 35 consists of a conductive screw 115 engaging ceramic cylinder 60 and located on the under side of ceramic plate 10 Screw in addition to engaging ceramic cylinder also engages a washer 66 of spring material having a slight curvature The ends 120 of the spring engage an earthed member or chassis 67 on which the plate is mounted, the spring having a suitable hole to allow the screw to project through The screw thus forms the earth-connected electrode of the 125 capacitor 35 formed by cylinder 60 The screw 65 and the respective spring washer form a convenient auxiliary means by which the whole plate is secured to the chassis. Silvered portion 64 which is approximately 130 784,709 centrally located along ceramic cylinder 60 is in contact with portion 43 The ceramic dowel 60 is then dip soldered to place a fillet 43 a of solder and thus connect the silvered areas 43 surrounding hole 33 to the silvered surface 64 on the dowel 60. It is necessary to point out that dowel 60 is internally threaded as in a normal ceramic trimmer capacitor in order to receive the above-mentioned trimming screw 65. Ceramic dowel 60 is made long enough so that the extension 70 is not coated with silver paint as portion 64 This additional length of ceramic dowel 60 serves as a coil former for the coil 71 of the turning circuit of this fixed frequency amplifier. Coil 71 may either be wound directly upon portion 70 of dowel 60 before dowel 60 is inserted in opening 33 of plate 10 and before soldering or coil 71 can be wound in a separate self-supporting coil form (not shown) and subsequently slipped over dowel 60 to occupy portion 70 after the solder dip operation.

Through engagement of the head of screw 86 with another spring washer 66 it is possible also to secure dowel 80 in ceramic plate and on chassis 67 in a similar way to dowel 60 Dowel 80 is also provided with a non-silvered portion 87 on which another coil 88 is wound to form another electrical component for a tuned circuit of this intermediate frequency amplifier. Coils 71 and 88 are preferably wound on dowels 60 and 80, respectively, before the dip solder operation so that their connections with the other parts or electrical components may be made during the dip solder operation. As for the dip soldering operation on the ceramic plate 10, it was found that it may be performed with the usual methods and that a plate such as 10 can withstand the thermal shock quite successfully during immersion of plate 10 and its electrical components in the solder bath. Separating the input trimmer capacitor 34 from the output trimmer capacitor 35 is a conductive shield 95 having two extensions 96 and 97 engaging, respectively, openings and 31 on ceramic plate 10 Extensions 96 and 97 actually consist of three portions. The two outer portions 96 a and 96 c of extension 96 after passing through opening 30 are bent in opposite directions to secure shield to ceramic plate 10 Similarly, portions 97 a and 97 c of extension 97 after passing through opening 31 are bent in opposite directions as can be seen in Fig 3 B The center portions 96 b and 97 b extend beyond the opposite side of the surface of ceramic plate 10 on which circuit 40 is printed and extensions 96 b and 97 b serve as the main lock to secure base plate 10 to chassis 67 of the equipment or apparatus on which this intermediate frequency amplifier is used. It will be noted that on one edge of ceramic plate 10 are also four terminals 100, 101, 102, 103 extending from the silver pattern 40 of the printed circuit on extensions 70 of the ceramic plate Each of these terminals 100-103 and also terminal 99 has a central opening 105 which extends through the ceramic extensions and to which lead wires 106 can be connected 75 Insulating spaghetti (not shown) are subsequently placed along leads 106 protruding from individual units 10 and the wires are then used to interconnect and to reach the voltage supply (not shown) on the chassis 80 proper 67 on which the plate 10 is mounted. Instead of terminal portions 99 to 103 it is possible to use soldering bags formed by circularly wound wire as shown at 110, 112, 113 of Fig 3 In Fig 3 small tags 110, 112, 85 113 are secured in any suitable way, for example, by soldering, to jholes 111 near the edge of ceramic base plate 10. The use of such tags 110, 112, 113 instead of the previously mentioned

contact portions 90 99-103 makes these units more adaptable for changing a lay-out. The use of tags 110, 112, 113 would make these units more universally adapted to a customer buying the units and installing 95 them himself in his own chassis. It is necessary to point out that extensions 96 b and 97 h of shield 95 are soldered to the chassis 67 and serve as grounding means on chassis 67 for the electrical circuit 40 100 mounted on ceramic base plate 10 It will be noted, in fact, that shield 95 is connected to the ground portion of silvered circuit 40. Also lugs 116 extending from edges of chassis 67 are bent up about the edges of plate 10 105 to hold the assembly together. Referring now to Fig 2 showing the electrical circuit of an intermediate frequency amplifier stage whose physical construction was described in connection with Figs 1 and 110 3 A, the tube used in this particular embodiment is a 6 CB 6 pentode amplifier which is here used as the intermediate frequency amplifier tube and must operate at the intermediate frequency of a television receiver, 115 namely 41 megacycles. Tube 115 ( 6 CB 6) is of the miniature type and its pins are positioned and engaged by clips 15 of socket 11 so that tube 115 is is mounted on the chassis side of the 120 assembly. Fig 2 shows the electrical circuit diagram of the intermediate frequency amplifier charge With input coil 88 connected to the coupling capacitor 28 which in turn is con 125 nected to the grid 176 of tube 115 The trimmer capacitor 34 is connected between grid 176 and ground. Cathode 178 of tube 115 is connected to ground through the cathode resistor 51 Sup 130 784,709 pressor grid 180 is connected directly to ground, while screen grid 181 is connected to the B+ supply through a dropping resistor 54. Plate 182 is connected also to the B+ supply through the previously mentioned resistor 54 in series with the parallel circuit consisting of resistor 50 and coil 71 which is the primary winding of I F transformer 10190 and tuned by trimmer capacitor 35. Secondary winding 191 of output I F transformer 190 is wound around coil 71. Grid 176 is connected to the A G C lead through series resistances 52 and 53 To the connecting point between resistances 52 and 53 is connected capacitance 27, the other side of which is grounded. Similarly, capacitance 29 connects the connecting point between resistor 54 and resistor 50 to ground Filament 195 is connected to ground on one side and to tube pin 4 which in turn is connected to the filament supply 197 a through a radio frequency choke 197 An unused

pin 3 is connected to ground Capacitor 26 by-passes filament to ground. It is now possible to describe the operation of this intermediate frequency amplifier stage. The signal from the tuner or first detector (not shown) is applied across terminal 175 and ground This signal at 41 megacycles, that is the intermediate frequency of television receivers, is amplified by tube 115 so that its amplified signal appears across the terminals of output transformer 190. The tube is provided with a d c supply, B and a 6 3 volt filament supply at 197 a. In addition, grid 176, as previously mentioned, is connected to the automatic gain control circuit A G C This automatic gain control circuit may be of any known type and may be connected also to the other stages of amplification at the intermediate frequency 45


* GB784710 (A)

Description: GB784710 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of fabrics consisting ofadhesively bound threads


PATENT SPECIFICATION Invertntors: JOHN POLLITT and GEORGE ERNEST CHADWICK 784,710 Date of filing Complete Specification April 26, 1955. Application Date April 26, 1954. Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957. Index at Acceptance: -Class 140, H-1.

International Classification: -D 04 j. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements, in or relating to the Manufacture of Fabrics Consisting of Adhesively Bsound Threads We, THIE BRITISH COTTON INDUSTRY RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, a British Association, of Shirley Institute, Didsbury, Manchester, 20, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to the manufacture of fabrics resembling woven fabrics and consisting of sets of substantially parallel threads in relatively longitudinal and transverse arrangement, but without inter-weaving, the threads in each direction being disposed in a separate layer, the integrity of the fabric depending upon the bonding together by an adhesive or by fusion of such threads, of adjacent superimposed layerts; at itheir crossing points; the threads in each layer remaining or being kept relatively free from each other to allow " skewing" or stretch of the fabric on the bias, as in a woven fabric. Such a fabric, and an apparatus for making the same, forms the subject of earlier Patent No 703,614. The present invention has for its object an improved method of manufacture, and appar(tus therefor, vith a view to obtaining a higher rate of production with fewer stoppages, better control of the application of the adhesive and of the bonding operation, the possibility of greater flexibility for optional width of fabric, reduction of waste of weft yarn and the attainment of other advantages. The invention comprises the method of manufacture of a fabric resembling a woven fabric and consisting of sets of substantially parallel threads in relatively longitudinal and transverse arrangement but without interweaving, the threads in each set being disposed in a separate layer and the integrity of the fabric depending upon the bonding together by an adhesive or by fusion of such threads, of adjacent superimposed layers, at their crossing lPric points, and in such manner that the threads in each layer are relatively free from each other to allow "skewing" or stretch of the fabric on the bias, comprising the steps wherein longitudinal or warp-like threads are arranged on warp beams and passed through guides to take-off rollers so as, intermediate of said beams and take-off rollers, to dispose them in tubular warp form about a cylindrical former, rotating said tubular arrangement of warp-like threads with their beams and take-off rollers, feeding weft-like threads from a stationary creel so as to cause them to be wrapped as a superimposed layer around such tubular arrangement of warp-like threads while advancing the latter

continuously along the cylindrical former, bonding the warp-like and weft-like threads at their crossing points while on the cylindrical former, while leaving the threads in each layer relatively free from each other, longitudinally slitting the fabric continuously as it is produced by such bonding, and winding the same onto the take-off rollers. In the method aforesaid an adhesive is preferably applied to the weft-like threads immediately prior to the contact of such threads with the warp-like threads and bonding is ensured by applying heat and rolling pressure to the weft-like threads, rolling being in the direction of the weft threads. The invention further comprises the apparatus and the product of such process and apparatus. In the drawing filed with the provisional specification:- Fig 1 is a plan; Fig 2 is a side elevation; and Figs 3 and 4 are end elevations showing one example of a machine for carrying out the method according to the present invention. The machine shown in the drawings comprises an outer framework 10 carrying pairs of grooved supporting rollers 11 adapted to support a rotatable assembly by its encircling No 11918/54. 784,710 flanges as described later Two of the rollers 11 indicated as 11 a are connected by a shaft 12 adapted to be driven through chain 13 by an electric motor 14 At the left hand end of the machine, as seen in Figs I and 2 the body of the rotatable assembly consists of a cylindrical former 15 to each end of which are secured circular flanges 16, 17, adapted for support by the rollers 11, lie, aforesaid. Attached to the outer end of the flange 16 are pairs of brackets 18, 18 a adapted to carry two warp beams 19, the brackets 18 a having extensions 18 b to carry tension springs 20 for a letoff brake 21 complementary to brake drums 21 a The warp threads from the beams, indicated by the lines 22, spread to cover the cylindrical former and pass through a guiding reed 23 fixed to the said former. About midway of the length of the said former and at one side of the machine is a creel 24 holding packages 25 (six of these being shown on the drawing) the weft-like threads 26 which pass through guides 27 before contacting the surface of an adhesive applicator roller 28 which latter rests against the warp threads on the said former and on the top of a pick-up roller 29 associated with a bath 30 for the adhesive The roller 29 is adapted to be driven by chain 30 a from the shaft 12 The threads 26 are caused to be wrapped in spiral form onto the warp threads on the surface of the said former, in cumulative formation, as shown in Fig 2, to build up a complete weftlike layer Within this portion of 'de said former are stationary steam heating coils 31.

Around the said former is a frame 32 supporting four heated pressure rollers 33 adapted to be driven by a driving belt 34 through pulleys 35, the belt being also supported by intermediate pulleys 36 The driving belt embraces a pulley 34 a on the shaft 12 The rollers 33 are pressed against the said former by weights 37. Beyond the working zone of the pressure rollers 33 are a pair of slitting disc knives 38 supported from a cloth guide ring 39, all supported from the flange 17 so as to rotate with the said former. Secured to the right hand end of the flange 17 is a framework 40 carrying at its right hand end a further flange 41 engaged with further supporting rollers 42 On this framework are mounted two pairs of take-off rollers 43, 44 the latter being loaded by springs 45 toward the roller 43 to provide a nip on the fabric, and the two rollers being geared together by gear wheels 43 a, 44 a, respectively Also on the framework are bearings 46 adapted to support the trunnions of a pair of cloth beams 47, adapted to be driven through a friction clutch 48 The rollers 43 and beams 47 are adapted to be driven as shown from a pair of countershafts 49 and an intermediate reversing countershaft 40, one of the countershafts being driven from a reduction gear box 51 and changeably external speed control gearing 52, a bevel gear 53 and fixed bevel gear 54 mounted on the framework 10. In operation, as the body of the machine rotates, warp threads are drawn by the rollers 43, 44 from the warp beams 19 so as to con 70 verge onto the said former through the reed 23 and then away therefrom after passing the guide ring 39, the rollers 43, 44 being driven through the gearing including primarily the bevel pinions 53 as they turn around the axis 75 of the fixed bevel pinion 54 Weft threads are drawn from the packages 25 of the creel 24 so as to be wrapped onto the warp threads as they pass along the said former and so as progressively to cover such warp threads as 80 indicated for example in Fig 2 As the weft threads leave the creel and just before wrapping onto the said former they pass over the roller 29 of an adhesive applicator which adhesive may be one of the known plastics Partial 85 drying of the adhesive is obtained by heating the said former from within by means of the steamy heating pipes 31 and bonding of the weft threads to the warp threads at their crossing points is finally ensured by the heated pressure 90 rollers 33 which are driven to prevent lateral drag on the warps, as also is the adhesive applicator roller which is arranged to apply adhesive to the warp threads as well as to the weft. The bonded tubular fabric thus produced is 95 slit longitudinally by the knives 38 immediately before it reaches the ring guide 39 The two bands of fabric after passing through the take-off rollers 43, 44 are

wound on the cloth beams 47 100 By the above arrangement the body of the machine can conveniently be mounted with the axis of the said former horizontal; the weft packages being mounted on a stationary creel can be larger than where the creel was 105 arranged to rotate around the said former and replacements effected and breakages more easily repaired, so that fewer and shorter stoppages are necessary during normal running; the time between applying the adhesive and 110 the bringing together of the warp-like and weft-like threads can be short; the finished fabric may be slit once or any number of times according to the width of fabric required, there is no waste weft as in the case of at least one 115 known machine; the bonding pressure due to weft tension is uniform throughout the width of the fabric; no edge carrier threads are required as where flat faced formers have been used; and in general many other minor advan 120 tages cobtain On the other hand there are dimensional limitations to the size of the warp and cloth beams and as there is a larger and heavier moving mass than in some previously known machines rather more power may be 125 required to drive the same, but the advantages by far outweigh any such disadvantage. It is obviously not essential to apply an adhesive where a thermo-plastic adhesive is combined with the threads For example the 130 784,710 threads may be spun from a mixture of cotton and cellulose acetate rayon fibres and binding of the warp-like and weft-like threads effected by means of the heated pressure rollers 33, sufficient heat being applied to soften or fuse the thermoplastic fibres with the result that the threads bind together at their crossing places.


* GB784711 (A)

Description: GB784711 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in and relating to vehicle suspensions


PATENT SPECIFICATION ___,Date of filing Complete Specification Dec 20, 1955. Application Date June 10, 1954 No. Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 103 ( 6), B 5 (A: C 3: CX); and 108 ( 2), D 2 A 2 (C: D). International Classification: -B 61 f B 62 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in and relating to Vehicle Suspensions I, ALEXANDER ERIC MOULTON, a British Subject, of The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to vehicle suspensions and has more especial reference to rubber spring suspensions for the bogies of railway and like vehicles, the wheels of which may he independently sprung or bridged by axles. Although primarily intended for high speed lightweight railway bogie suspension with flanged wheels the invention is also applicable to road vehicle suspension with pneumatic or other tyred wheels and the invention utilises rubber torsional springs such as are described in Specification No 676,098 wherein the outer member or shell is of one-piece trough-like section and the rubber body is bonded to the whole periphery of the inner member and to the inner surface of the trough-like shell, but has a free unbonded portion across the mouth of the trough. In the spring suspension for bogies of railway and like vehicles according to the present invention, the rubber torsion springs-one at each side-are located on a central transverse backbone and to the outer member or shell of each spring is secured a wheel supporting arm while the inner members of the springs located on the backbone similarly mount supporting arms for the other pair of wheels of the bogie. Where the transversely aligned wheels of the bogie are bridged by axles each axle is held in axle boxes in which are self-aligning or so called spherical bearings, and the axleboxes are rigidly secured one to each wheel supporting arm, the longitudinally aligned pairs of arms vertically constituting the side frames of the bogie. The transverse backbone is conveniently a tubular member upon the ends

whereof the inner members of the rubber torsion springs are located by rubber bushes and these latter lPrice 3 s 6 d 1 bushes provide a trunnion or load equalising effect which is a desirable feature of the bogie. Alternatively these trunnion bushes may be antifriction steel, roller or other type of metal bearing. The tubular backbone is connected to the vehicle frame by a rubber bushed draw bar, which controls longitudinal movement and also the rotational wind-up of the backbone. The sideways flexibility of the vehicle body in relation to the bogie, together with the steering flexibility required for negotiating curves, are both provided by columns of rubber-to-metal bonded shear pads the top of which columns are attached rigidly to the underframe and the bottom of which are rigidly attached to the backbone. The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate diagrammatically by way of example one arrangement of bogie for a railway vehicle and in which: Figure 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section through the bogie and Figure 2 is a plan view. Referring now to the drawings, the bogie vehicle illustrated has a transversely aligned pair of wheels I and 2 bridged by an axle 3 and another pair of transversely aligned wheels 4 and 5 bridged by an axle 6. 7 is a transverse central tubular member or backbone for the bogie situated midway between the axles 3 and 6 and substantially at the same height thereas At each end of the central tubular member 7, lubber torsion springs 8 and 9 are located, 10 representing an outer metal ' shell " for the rubber torsion spring 8 and 11 a corresponding shell for the torsion spring 9 and to these shells are secured wheel supporting arms 12 and 13 respectively for the wheels 4 and 5 bridged by the axle 6. 14 represent flanges on an inner metallic element (not shown) of the rubber torsion spring 8, and 15 represent corresponding flanges on an inner element of the rubber torsion spring 9. To the flanges 14 is rigidly secured a wheel 784 711 17099/54. 784,711 supporting arm 16 for the wheel 1, and to the flanges 15 is rigidly secured a wheel supporting arm 17 for the wheel-2, the wheels 1 and 2 as aforementioned being bridged by an j axle 3. The axle 3 projects beyond the wheels 1 and 2 and the projecting portions are carried by the wheel supporting arms 16 and 17 in axleboxes 18 and 19 respectively, such axle boxes including self-aligning or so-called spherical bearings. and 21 are similar axleboxes for the other axle 6 carried by the wheel and are carried by the supporting arms 12 and 13 respectively.

Also as aforementioned, the inner metallic members of the rubber springs 8 and 9 mounting the flanges 14 and 15 are located on the central transverse tubular member 7 by rubber bushes (not shown) or anti-friction bearings may be used for the purpose. The central tubular member 7 between the rubber springs 8 and 9 mounts two platforms and 31 spaced equidistantly one on each side of the centre line of the bogie and each serving to mount two columns, 32 and 33 in Figure 1, of rubber-to-metal bonded shear pads, on the top of which columns is secured a transom 34 carrying the vehicle main frame represented at 35 in Figure 1. There are thus four columns of shear pads uniformly disposed about the vertical centre line of the bogie and these columns afford the requisite sideways flexibility between the vehicle body carried by the frame 35 and the bogie, together with the steering flexibility required when the vehide is negotiating curves. 37 is a brake operating rod, 38 an equaliser bar and 39 brake operating links for brake shoes 40 operating on all four wheels of the bogie the linkages being such that they are unaffected by vertical movements on any of the four wheels when traversing track inequalities. It will be appreciated that virtually all of the vertical springing is provided by the rubber torsional springs 8 and 9 operating through the wheel supporting arms 12, 13 for the wheels on the axle 6, and 18, 19 for the wheels on the axle 3, and that this vertical springing is supplemented, but only to a small extent by the columns of shear pads through the medium of which the vehicle main franme' is carried by the bogie. The advantages obtained by the present invention are extreme simplicity, light weight of construction and the elimination of maintenance.


* GB784712 (A)

Description: GB784712 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Device for reading data recorded in a counter or a storage unit


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PATENT SPECIFICATION 784 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 15, 1954 No 1 Application made in France on June 18, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. index at acceptance:-Class 40 ( 3), H 15320 ( 4), H 15 International Classification -H@ O l, COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Device for Reading Data Recorded in a Counter or a Storage Unit We INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, a Corporation organized and existing under the Laws of the State of New York, of 590, Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to a device for controlling the reading of data recorded in counters or storage units of the type hereinafter defined and more particularly to a reading device for handling data contained in one or a plurality of such counters or storage units in any predetermined sequence. Two processes have been used hitherto for handling data recorded in a counter unit or a storage unit. The first process consists in analysing values contained in a counter

through an emitter, the purpose of which is to provide the whole of the representative positions of value 1 belonging to the various orders of " units," " tens," " hundreds " and so on of the counter being analysed, with a first impulse designed for the detection of all the digits of value 1 in the results to be transferred, then a second impulse which when directed to the representative positions of value 2 provide, in turn for detection of all the orders containing digit 2, and so on until the emission of a ninth impulse detects the whole of the " 9 " digits in the number being analysed. Such a process is advantageous for the simultaneous transfer of data in one counter to another counter or to a storage unit, but is not suitable when it is a matter of successive transcription of values contained in each order of a counter in predetermined sequence Thus, -for example when data in the form of punched holes on a telegraph tape are to be transcribed, the digit figure in the highest order should be transcribed first, then that contained in the immediately lower order, the digit corresponding to the units order being transcribed last. It is apparent that in these particular con 50 ditions it is not possible to apply the first process Consequently, each time the various orders of a number recorded in a counter are to be scanned in a predetermined sequence it is necessary to provide the same 55 machine with a second reading device using a completely different process. The second method used consists in the successive analysis of the orders of a counter, i e, units, tens, hundreds, etc, by means 60 of an emitter provided with a number of contact-studs Each stud of the emitter is connected to a prearranged counter order so that a different order of the counter is analysed each time the brush of the emitter, 65 which is permanently connected to an electric supply of a certain polarity, makes contact with another stud Consequently, the values contained in each of the counter orders are successively analysed and then 70 ' may be transcribed, for example, on to a punched tape. The advantage of this process is evident, since it is possible by the use of appropriate connections between the studs of the emitter 75 and each of the representative positions of the various counter orders to punch in a previously selected sequence the results contained in one or a plurality of counters. However, if this reading process possesses 80 particular efficiency in performing such operations, it is quite different when it is a matter of transferring the values from one counter into another In the first process, a constant and relatively short period of time 85 that is, the period of time required for emission of nine impulses-is

sufficient for the performance of the transfer of the results from one or a plurality of counters into another assembly of counters or storage 90 1,712 7533154. 784,712 units, the period of time required to perform such a transfer using the second process is proportional to the time of transfer of each counter order and to the total number of digits constituting the number or numbers to be scanned. The emitters used in the second process are generally each constituted by a carrier of moulded material provided with conductive contact-studs, the fixed number of which determines the maximum number of positions that can be analysed. The period of time which separates two subsequent analysing operations in the same counter cannot be reduced beyond a certain value since all, or at least a certain number of studs of the emitter, must systematically be contacted by the reading brush before they can be used for another operation. However, it is sometimes required for results contained in a certain assembly of counters or storage units to be transferred to another counter or alternatively to be transcribed on punched tapes. In these conditions of working, neither of the two processes already referred to is quite suitable This is true particularly when the results contained in a plurality of counters or storage units of a calculating machinea keyboard operated machine, for example -are to be transcribed on a telegraph tape in the form of punched holes, each row of punched holes corresponding to a value sensed in a given order of a counter or storage unit. It is of value in these conditions to be able to punch results obtained in the calculating machine, in a constant, predetermined sequence, in order that they may be transcribed automatically on to the telegraph tape in fields of equal length corresponding to each calculation program handled by the machine. However, since some counters may be used for several purposes during the course of working it has been necessary to provide a certain number of selecting elements in order to transcribe all or part of the various results successively obtained in the same counter. The principal object of the present invention is to provide a device for reading data contained in one or a plurality of storage units or counters which controls the transcription of these data on to a teletype tape or into another counter, in a short period of time whatever the number and the sequence in which the counter positions are scanned. The means provided for this purpose also make it possible without requiring the use 69 of selecting devices, to punch automatically on to a teletype tape successive groups of information in equal lengths

of the tape (the length occupied by a group being hereinafter called a field) by synchronising the progress of the tape with the operation of the element which controls the scanning of the counters. According to the present invention we provide a device for reading data registered in one or more storage units or counters of the type herein defined, comprising means 70 adapted to read the various orders of each storage unit or counter in any preselected sequence to select data registered therein, means for transcribing data so read into further storage means, and transcription con 75 trol means operable to cause the sequence of reading operations to be repeated for each new group of data registered in the one or more storage units or counters. In one form of the device a punch mech 80 anism is provided which is operable by said transcription control means to record the data read as punched holes in a teletype tape. The control means may comprise an endless tape having holes punched therein corre 85 sponding to each counter position in which there is registered data to be read. One form of device for reading data and transcribing selected results as punch holes in a teletype tape will now be described by 90 way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Fig 1 is a pictorial view of the device, showing the main cover raised; Fig 2 is a diagrammatic view of the driv 95 inn mechanism of the device: Fig 3 is a detail view of the control mechanism of the readine and driving drum of the endless control tape, Figs 4 A and 4 B illustrate the mechanism 100 carrying the variable length control tape Fin. 4 B being a cross-section on line A-A of Fig 4 A: Figs 5 A and 5 B are electrical circuit diagrams pertaining to the device; 105 Fig 6 is a development of a typical control tape; and Fig 7 is a diagram showing the closing times of cam contacts controlling the circuits shown in Fig 5 A 110 The invention is used in conjunction with any type of counter or storage unit of the type in which registration of a digit causes an electrical connection to be established between a common point and a terminal char 115 acteristic of that digit. The general arrangement of a control device for reading results obtained in one or several counters of a calculating machine is shown in Fig 1 120 Since the invention applies to the reading and handling of the results contained in counters or storage devices, only the electrical part of the reading elements connected to each counter or storage unit is shown in 125 Fig 5 B. Thus the arrannements shown in Fig 5 B may apply to a keyboard-operated calculatinn machine as well as to a punched-card controlled machine or may be adapted to 130 784,712 check sorting and accounting machines of known type.

The results recorded in counters are sometimes required for rapid transmission by telegraph, so that for this purpose it is necessary to transcribe the results on to a teletype tape, wherein each digit is represented by a combination of punched holes. Generally speaking, the information to be transmitted corresponds to the various results obtained from the same calculation performed on a certain sequence of data, and in these conditions it is advantageous, in order to facilitate the reception of information transmitted in that way by teletype tapes, for the various results calculated from the same group of data to be entered on fields of equal length on the teletype tape. It is also of value to be able to control automatically, and in any previously selected sequence, the transcription of the various resuits obtained after each calculation program. The control and reading device according to this invention which is now to be described enables such a transcription to be performed without requiring the use of the usual emitting devices, and avoids, in several cases, the use of separate selecting elements. In the embodiment to be described a control tape 1, of the form diagrammatically illustrated in Fig 6 is inserted under a re, ding device 5 (Fig 1) close to the control mechanism of the teletype tape punching device The control tape 1 controls the transfer of data recorded in counters to a record tape 3 and serves also as a source of impulses, the control tape 1 thus may act as a selecting element and also as an impulse emitting element. Since the punch machine may be of any suitable type, only a general view thereof is shown on the drawing, the cover 2 of the machine being shown hinged up in order to reveal supply and receiving spools 4, 4 a respectively for the record tape 3 which passes under a punching mechanism of known type housed in a cover 6 The selection of the punches constituting this punching mechanism is controlled by five electromagnets 7, of which two only are seen in Fig 1. The mechanism for feeding the teletype tape 1, and that for controlling the punching mechanism, are under the control of a clutch 12 (Fig 2) operable by an electromagnet 9 (see also Fig 5 A) The purpose of clutch magnet 9 is to release a pawl (not shown) cooperating with a shaft, 11, said pawl dropping into a notch in a ring fixed on a continuously rotating shaft 10, so as to connect the shafts 10 and 11 together for a complete turn 1-;owever, only the feeding mechanism of control tape I has been shown, the control mechanism of the teletype tape punch machine being already known. The rotary motion of shaft 10 is derived from an electric motor 31 through pulleys 13 and a driving-belt 14. Thus, energization of the electromagnet 9 not only leads to the

starting of the feed 70 mechanism of the teletype tape and of the punching mechanism through known transmission elements (not shown) connected to a gear wheel 15, but also causes the control tape 1 to be synchronously driven through 75 the transmission gear wheels 16 and 17, Three cams cl, c 2 and c 3, are mounted on shaft 11 to bring into operation the various control and selection circuits shown in Figs. SA and SB 80 A cam 19 (Fig 2) mounted on a shaft 18 driven by the gear wheel 17 directly actuates the drive mechanism of the control tape I. This cam 19 is adapted to rock a vee-shaped lever 20 (Fig 3) around a pivot pin 21, a 85 tension spring 22 maintaining contact between a roller on one limb of lever 20 and the cam 19. On the outer end of the other limb of lever is a pawl 23 which is adapted to step a 90 ratchet wheel 24 through an angle corresponding to one tooth thereof each time the shaft 18 performs a complete turn A roller rotatably carried by a lever 26 pivotally mounted on a pin 27 is maintained by a load 95 ing spring 28 in engagement with a notched wheel 30 mounted on the same shaft 29 as ratchet wheel 24, thereby holding the drive drum 32 of the control tape 1 steady in an index position, each time the pawl 23 dis 100 continues its action during rotation of the shaft 11. The strip-like control element (shown developed in Fig 6) is joined end to end to form the endless tape 1 which can be moun 105 ted on the drum 32 and one of a number of semi-cylindrical carriers 34 as shown in Figs 4 A and 4 B Dowels or pegs 33 are provided on drum 32 to engage punched holes in the centre of the tape 1 for driving 110 the tape without slippage Three semicylindrical carriers 34 are fixed on a common mounting plate 34 a which slides in a base 35. In the embodiment illustrated, twelve 115 brushes 36 are used to detect, through circuits to be described, various punched holes made in the control tape 1. When an operator depresses a start key 37 (Fig SA) assuming switch 43 to be closed, 120 the clutch electromagnet 9 (also shown in Fig 2) is energised and holds through its normally open contact 9 a through the following circuit: the terminal 42 of supply E a switch 43, the line 41, the contact 40 a (nor 125 mally closed), the contact 9 a (now closed), the contact 39 (normally closed and opening only when the teletype tape is exhausted or maladjusted), to the other terminal 38 of the supply 130 784,712 The energization of this electromagnet 9 initiates for one cycle, the feeding of the teletype tape 3 and the starting of the punch machine control mechanism and leads also, to the motion of the control tape 1 and to the rotation of cams cl, c 2 c 3 (see Fig 7 for duration of corresponding contact closing). It has been supposed in the present case that the control tape motion ends a little before the closing of the contact by cam c 3 to bring a

new row of punched holes to be analysed under the reading brushes 36. Since the control tape may occupy any position at the beginning of the work, it should automatically be brought into the proper position before allowing the reading circuits of the various counters controlled by the control tape to be completed. For this purpose, a special punched hole is made, for instance, hole 44 in the twelfth line of the tape (Fig 6) to identify punched holes meant for reading the first result to be transcribed. The punched hole 44 when associated, as indicated, with punched holes 46, causes the relay 45 to be energised; the normally open contact 45 b is in the energising circuit of the punch electromagnets 7 (see Figs 1 and 5 A). In order to cause the relay 45 to be energised, a hub j 12 (Fig 5 B), connected to the brush 36 allocated for the reading of the punched holes in line 12 is connected by a line (not shown) to a hub 48. It has been supposed, to simplify the description, that the tape row 47 (Fig 6) is precisely under the reading brushes 36 at the moment of the contact closing by cam c 3 (Fie 5 A), after the first spacing movement caused by the energization of the clutch electromagnet 9 As hub ill associated with the brush 36 allocated for the reading of punched holes in line 11, is not connected to the hub 48, a circuit cannot be completed so that the contact 45 b by remaining open prevents, at the moment of the contact closing by cam c 2, any possible energization of the punch electromagnets 7 through the circuits to be hereafter described. It should be noted that as the relay 40 is still not energised the contact 40 a ensures the holding of the clutch electromagnet 9, so that a new spacing movement occurs to bring the next row of punched holes under the reading brushes The punched hole in line 12 (Fig 6) is therefore detected by the brush 36 connected to the hub j 12, but no circuit is completed yet to effect energization of the relay 45: that is, normally open contact 40 b prevents completion of the circuit It should be noted that the hole punched in line 12 is not associated with an assembly of punched holes, such as the holes 46 associated with hole 44, as already mentioned This results in a new spacing movement of the control tape which brings under the brushes a row without punched holes. During the next cycle the punched hole in horizontal line I of the contrcl tape leads to energization of the relay 49 through the following circuit: the terminal 42 the switch 70 43 the line 59 the brush 36 in contact with drum 32 through the punched hole in the first line, the hub i 1 connected by a lead (not shown' to the hub 52 the relay 49 the contact closed by cam c 3 and the terminal 38 75 Hovowever, since this punched hole in line 1 is not combined with any

other no change is made in the control circuits for the transcription of the data The same applies for the next two cycles during -iwhich the relays 50 80 and 51 are energised successively through connections joining the hubs j 2 and 13 to the hubs 53 and 54 respeectively. When however the three punched holes 46 are simultaneously detected, after the com 85 pletion of a further cycle, the relays 49 50 and 51 are energised simultaneously through the circuits described above The relav 40 is then energised through the following circuit: the terminal 42 the switch 43 the con 90 tacts 51 a 50 a and 49 a the relay 40 and the terminal 38 The energization of the relay leads to the closing of contact 40 b so that punched hole 44 serves to bring about energisation of the relay 45 through the following 95 circuit: the terminal 42 the switch 43 the line 59, the reading drum 32 the brush 36 connected to the hub 112 a connection leading to the hub 48 the contact 40 b (now closed), the relay 45 the contact closed by 100 cam c 3 and the terminal 38 This relay 45 holds through its holding coil 45 M which is in the circuit comprising the terminal 42 the switch 43 the contact 45 a, the coil 45 M and the terminal 38 105 An indicator lamp 60 (Figs 1 and 5 A) indicates to the operator that the control tape is now in position for transfer of the results recorded in the counters (shown in Fig 5 B). The contact 45 b being maintained closed 110 the energising circuits of the punch electromagnets can be completed as soon as any one of the relays 55 56 57 (ensuring connection between the counters and a decoding unit 61) is energised 115The energization of relay 40 also causes the opening of contact 40 a so that the electromagnet 9 is released thereby causing the control tape to stop. The operator may then start his work and 120 in narticular if he operates a keyboard calculating machine must record the data to be used to set up the required results Since the machine may be of any type the electrical circuits shown in Fig SB may be either 125 directly installed on thile counters of the machine or on the storage units to which results contained in the counters of the calculating machine may be transferred. These transfers can be performed using 130 784,712 the control tape, which th Ti serves as a selection device The results m the assembly of counters to bd simultaneously transferred to the storage units are transcribed by connecting the hubs jl to j 9, for example, to the nine lines connected to the various contactstuds corresponding to the same value, such ) as those marked p O to p 9 in Fig SB Each counter position has a number of brushes or equivalent switch elements (not shown), one associated with each of the common connectors Cl to C 12, and means for setting each of the brushes selectively to come into contact with one of studs p O to p 9, thus setting up an electrical

connection corresponding to the recorded value. For the control of such a transfer, the control tape then should be punched so as to contain nine punched holes spaced out in lines 1 to 9 respectively The impulse collected on hub jl at the moment of detection of the punched hole in line 1 is used in known manner to control the setting of the brushes in all the counter positions having the value 1 to be transferred, so that it is possible to record simultaneously in all the appropriate storage units all the digits of value 1 composing the results. The same applies for the transfer of values 2 to 9 inclusive through impulses collected on the hubs j 2 to j 9 respectively and directed to the assembly of contact-studs, such as p 2 to p 9. If such an operation is to be performed before the transcription of the data on the teletype tape, the punched holes in lines 1 to 9 should, in this case, be made on the control tape immediately after the punched holes 46 and 44, in order that the transfer may be performed as soon as the operator again depresses the start-key 37. If it is now supposed that the transfers have been performed and that the operator again closes the start key 37, the clutch electromagnet 9 is energised and holds through the circuit already described; the relay 40 is released at the moment of the opening by cam c 3 of the associated contact, thus leading to the closing of the contact 40 a. The control tape therefore continues to feed until the punched holes 62 (Fig 6) are analysed by the brushes 36 The relays 50 and 51 are then energised at the closing of the came c 3 contact, thus leading to energization of the relay 55 through the following circuit: the terminal 42, the switch 43, the line 41, the contacts 51 b and S Oc, the relay and the terminal 38. The relay 55 holds through its contact 55 k which is in the circuit comprising the terminal 42, the switch 43, the line 41, the contacts 40 a, 56 k and 55 k (centre blade transferred), the contact 571 the relay 55 and the terminal 38. By the closing of the contacts 55 a to 55 j the lines f O to f 9 are connected to various positions of counter U, the hubs ul to u 12 thereof having been respectively connected by leads (not shown) to the hubs j of the same row Although the hubs j 2 and j 3 are 70 connected to the hubs u 2 and u 3 and a circuit tends to be set up from the terminal 42, through the line 59 and the brushes 36 analysing the punched holes in the control tape to the lines 2 and 3, the punch electro 75 magnets 7 cannot be energised, because the relay 58 is energised, and opens its contact 58 a as soon as the brushes 36 detect the simultaneous presence of two punched holes 62 As the relays 50 and 51 are energised, 80 the relay 58 is energised through the following circuit: the terminal 42, the switch 43, the contacts 51 d and 50 d

(now closed) the relay 58 and the terminal 38 Consequently the contact 58 a opens before the closing of 85 the cam c 2 contact, thus cutting off any circuit that could lead to the punching in the same column of the teletype tape of the value contained in the counter positions corresponding to the hubs u 2 and u 3 It should 90 also be noted that the hubs j 2 and j 3 being connected, on the one hand, to the hubs 53 and 54, and, on the other hand, to the hubs u 2 and u 3, it is necessary to insert in the leads connecting u 2 to j 2 and u 3 to j 3, uni 95 directional or rectifier elements 63, in order to prevent the return of operating current through the counter circuits If it is supposed, for example, that the brushes corresponding to the positions C 2 and C 3 con Ioo nected to the studs u 2 and 03 are in front of a stud corresponding to the same value and that a single punched hole is detected in line 2 of the control tape, then the following circuit tends to be set up: the terminal 42, the 10, line 59, the drum 32, the brush 36 analysing the punched hole in line 2, the hubs j 2 and u 2, the common C 2, the corresponding brush on stud 5 (for example) the line connecting the whole of the studs p 5, the brush associ 110 ated with the next position, C 3-also supposed to be on stud p 5-the common C 3, the hubs u 3, j 3 and 54, the relay 51, the cam c 3 contact and the terminal 38 Thus, although no other punched hole has been 115 detected in line 3 of the control tape, the relay 51 nevertheless tends to be energised. This remark obviously applies to all the circuits in which several connections are made leading to the same hub j Rectifier 120 elements 63 are inserted in the connections each time it is necessary. Since relay 40 has not been energised, the electromagnet 9 holds as does the relay 55, and the feed of the control tape effects the 125 transcribing on the teletype tape of the first digit of the result contained in the counter U It can be seen from Fig 6 that the first transcribed number n I is a number of four digits recorded in positions Cl to C 4 inclu 130 784,712 sive of counter U. The transcription of the first digit is performed through the following circuit: the terminal 42, the switch 43, the line 59, the reading drum 32, the brush 36 analysing the punched holes in line 1 of tape 1, the hubs jl and ul, the common C 1, the brush in contact with stud p 2 (for example), the contact c, the line f 2 which connects all the studs (such as p 2) to the coding circuit 61, the lines fl, 12 and f S connected to the corresponding electromagnets 7, the contact 45 b (closed), the contact 58 a (closed-a single punched hole having been detected in the control tape), the cam c 2 contact and the terminal 38 As a result the teletype tape 3 is punched with three holes representing, according to the adopted code, the value 2 recorded in the order of counter U corresponding to cornmmon connector C 1.

Since the feeding of the control tape 1 is performed in synchronization with that of the teletype tape 3, a second assembly of punched holes (corresponding to the value analyzed in position C 2 of the counter) is made at the next cycle, as soon as the brush corresponding to the hub j 2 detects the punched hole in line 2 of the control tape 1. Thus, the various results obtained in a counter are selected through the punched holes of the control tape 1 and through the lines connecting the hubs j and u. Provision has been made for a blank row (after the punched hole corresponding to the reading of the digit contained in position C 4) in order to space out the punched holes made in the teletype tape 3 in between the recording of two individual numbers nl and N 2. However, it is to be understood that provision could have been made for completing a particular energising circuit of the electromagnets 7, in order to punch a certain combination adapted for the control of spacing on the re ceiving machine. After this spacing, a second number N 2, contained, for example, in positions C 10 to C 12 of counter U, is punched on the teletype tape 3 through circuits similar to those already described under control of the punched holes in lines 10 to 12 of the control tape 1 (Fig 6). Punched holes in lines 1 and 3 of the control tape 1 being then simultaneously detected, the relays 49 and 51 are energised together, leading, as already described, to the opening of the contact 58 a No punchedhole is made in the teletype tape 3 during this cycle The relay 58 is energised, through the contacts 49 d, 50 e (normally closed) and 51 d On the other hand, the closing of contacts 49 c and 51 c leads to energization of the relay 56 through the following circuit: the terminal 42, the switch 43, the line 41, the contacts 49 c and 51 c, the relay 56 and the terminal 38. The transit of the contact 56 k leads then to the release of the relay 55, so that the relay 56 holds through the circuit comprising the terminal 42, the switch 43, the line 41, the contacts 40 a, 56 k (transferred), 55170 and 57 m (closed), the relay 56 and the terminal 38. The closing of the contacts 56 a to 56 j leads to connection of the punch electromagnets to the reading circuits of the counter V 75 Under the control of the punched holes in lines 5 to 12 of control tape 1 the hubs j 5 to j 12 are successively energised and the number N 3 is transcribed in the same way as numbers nl and N 2, for example, through 80 hubs V 5 to V 12 of counter V. After this transcription, the holes 64 of the control tape I arrive under the brushes 36 so that the three punched holes 64 in lines 1, 2 and 3 are simultaneously detected 85 Since the relays 49, 50 and 51

are energised simultaneously, the relay 40 is also energised, as already explained Consequently the relay 56 and the electromagnet 9 are released at the time of the opening of 90 the cam cl contact The driving mechanisms of the control tape l and of the teletype tape 3 thus stop and the operator may control a new series of calculations during which the same counters as before may be used By 95 again depressing the starting-key a new spacing movement is made so that the brushes again analyse the two punched holes characteristic of the reading control of counter U A new number, N 4, is then transcribed 100 in the form of punched holes in the teletype tape 3. It should be noted that number N 4 is read and transcribed on the teletype tape 3 without requiring a selector device, although the 105 hub positions of counter U (from which this new number is obtained) may be different from those used during the transcription of the numbers nil and N 2 In general, although in the examples given the positions of the 110 counters from which numbers are read correspond with the positions on the tape 1 in which the control holes are punched, it will be appreciated that by appropriate connections from the hubs l to selected hubs U V 115 W, numbers may be read out of the counters in any desired sequence. The number N 4 is transcribed upon the simultaneous detection of the punched holes in lines 1 and 2 of tape I which leads, on the 120 one hand, to the energization of the relay 58 through the contacts 49 d and 50 e and, on the other hand, to the enereisation of the relay 57 through the contacts 49 b and 50 b. This relay 57 holds through the following 125 circuit: the terminal 42 tihe switch 43 the line 41, the contacts 40 a, 56 k, 55 k and 57 k, the relay 57 and the terminal 38 Numbers n 5 and N 6 are then similarly detected through lines connecting the hubs J and W 130 784,712 Thus it can be seen that the sequence in which the various items of information contained in one or several counters are transcribed may be an arbitrary one and that it is possible, without using selectors, to read again totally or partly the various positions of a counter. When the punched holes 46 are again under the brushes 36, the above cycle of operations is repeated, so that the information transcribed on the teletype tape is arranged thereon in fields or groups of characters of equal length, each field carrying a similar type of information.

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* Last updated: 08.04.2015 * Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p