Naser Farid Director General, FPMU, MoFDM

Presented at the Seminar on Agriculture – Nutrition LinkagesHosted by World Fish Centre on behalf of CGIAR

18 April 2012

Poverty, Nutrition and Food consumption Key Considerations - Policy Framework Prioritizing and Financing

Where is poverty declining ?Where is poverty declining ? Upper and hardcore (lower) poverty declined nation wide Poverty declined more in urban areas than in rural areas Hardcore poverty reduced by almost ½ in urban and ¼ in rural areas

Source: BBS, HIES 2010

Poverty, especially hardcore poverty is concentrating on rural areas: development interventions should be distributed accordingly

Quintile H/A % < - 2SDSTUNTING

W/H % < - 2 SD WASTING

W/A % < - 2SD UNDERWEIGHT

Lowest 53.7 17.5 50.3

Second 45.4 16.2 41.6

Middle 40.7 17.7 36.0

Fourth 35.9 13.6 27.5

Highest 25.7 12.1 20.9

-2.00

-1.75

-1.50

-1.25

-1.00

-0.75

-0.50

-0.25

0.00

0.25

0.50

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60

Age (months)

Wei

ght f

or a

ge Z

-sco

re (N

CH

S)

Latin America and CaribbeanAfricaAsia

Repositioning Nutrition, 2006

Source/Year

Energy intake (kcal)

Cereal (g) En %

Rice (g)En %

HIES 2005 2238452

70%

440

68%

HIES 2010 2318442

66%

416

64%

Bangladesh is an exemplary case of a consistent and long term effort to put in place a comprehensive framework for food and nutrition security policies and investments in line with the Paris Declaration on aid effectiveness and Rome Principles on sustainable food security

• Building on the existing policy framework and institutional setting to guide CIP formulation, implementation and monitoring in a coherent and sustainable manner

Key considerations – Policy framework

A comprehensive framework for food security interventions

encompassing• Availability: Adequate and stable supply of safe and nutritious food• Access: Increased purchasing power and access to food by the poor through safety nets• Nutrition: for all individuals, especially women and children

Approved in August 2006 as result of a policy process started in 1999 at the Development Forum in Paris after the 1998 flood

Bangladesh has been an early adopter of the comprehensive approach to food security through the formulation of the

National Food Policy

The Policy Framework: the National Food Policy

Elaborated through a widely consultative process, approved in

2008 and launched in 2009 consists of:

26 areas of intervention and 314 actions providing

a comprehensive, long-term (2008-2015)

framework for: Coordinating government interventions on food security:

policies and investments Aligning development support to national priorities in line

with Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness Regularly monitoring progress toward food security in line

with MDG1 Identifying needs for investments

The Policy Framework: the Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015)

Responding to L’Aquila Initiative and in line with the 5 Rome Principles, the CIP was Approved on 14 June 2010 following the Bangladesh Food Security Forum; updated 20 March 2011. Translates the policy frameworks in a comprehensive set of 12 priority investment programmes and aims at

• convergence and alignment of domestic and external funding• mobilizing additional resources:Bangladesh qualified as first Asian country receiving a grant under the Global FSF for US $ 52.5 million

The revised CIP, based on extensive consultation, incorporates over 400 projects of which 146 ongoing (for US$ 3.036 billion) and 262 in pipeline (for US$ 4.945 billion of which US$ 3.299 billion are priority).

The Country Investment Plan

CIP = Government’s investment plan for Food Security, Agril and Nutition-a living document

One umbrella for the key investment requirements to develop agriculture, and improve food and nutrition security

Prioritize, harmonize, and build on existing documents: NFP-PoA, sector programmes Sixth 5-Yr plan, ADP, MTBF, PRSP-II

Integrate and coordinate actions for food security and nutrition

Harmonize development partner (DP) activities with the CIP

Mobilize more financial resources from:◦ Government budget resources◦ Private investment◦ international sources

Component Programme (financing gaps are in million $)Funds

requiredtotal priorit

y

Food Availability

1. Sustainable and diversified agriculture through integrated research and extension 644 470

2. Improved water management and infrastructure for irrigation purposes 892 607

3. Improved quality of input and soil fertility 232 1704. Fisheries and aquaculture development 356 2125. Livestock development, with a focus on poultry

and dairy production 775 440

FoodAccess

6. Improved access to market, value addition in agriculture and non farm incomes 635 368

7. Strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP actions 99 69

8. Enhanced public food management system 293 2129. Institutional Development and Capacity

Development for more effective safety nets 472 340

FoodUtilization

10. Community based nutrition programmes and services 347 309

11. Orient food and nutrition actions through data 21 1312. Food safety and quality improvement 180 90COUNTRY INVESTMENT FINANCING 4,946 3,299

Diets are often low in quantity, quality and variety (hunger and micro-nutrient deficiencies) Increased production of staple foods is not sufficient Need to ensure local availability and access of the right mix of

foods in all seasons The food and agriculture sector is responsible for food and

nutrition security GoB considers agriculture, food security and nutrition as

major priorities Consumers must be informed through mainstreaming BCC Collaboration must be established with: (a) social protection

programmes to support the poorest and (b) with health, agriculture, food & multi sectors/programmes

Programme 10. Community based nutrition programmes and services OP 17 - National Nutrition Services (NNS): 233 M USD

•OP 3 - Community Based Health Care (CIP costing includes 16,5% of its cost, i.e 52.9 M USD): including services such as de-worming, provision of vitamin A capsule, iron-folic tablets, …

•OP 7 -Non-Communicable Diseases Control (12.8%, 9.46 M USD) : such as diabetes, heart diseases … related to food consumption and nutrition.

•OP 18 - Maternal, Reproductive and Adolescent health (16.9 %, 21.76 M USD): essential service packages

•OP 23 - Information, Education and Communication – IEC (19.4%, 3.35 M USD): health and nutrition & family planning.

Programme 11: Orient food and nutrition actions through data

•OP 13 - Planning, Monitoring and Research (DGHS)

Expected outcome : Community nutrition improvement is supported by strengthened National Nutrition Services (NNS)

Proposed focus & priority interventions : CBNP linked to NNS that deliver a package of basic health and nutrition services/activities including micronutrient supplementation, BCC, antenatal care

Support community based efforts of HG, horticulture, small livestock, fisheries and BCC for improved nutrition

Link long-term with immediate treatment of acute malnutrition in particular through therapeutic and supplementary feeding and BCC focus on maternal and young child nutrition

Additional considerations: Multi sectoral collaboration, synergies with SUN framework, REACH, Project Laser Beam and MDG –F programme

Expected outcome: Effective information supports planning, monitoring and evaluation of food security policies and interventions

Proposed focus and priority interventions Comprehensive national nutrition survey including food

consumption and update food composition tables to inform policy and programmes

Dietary diversification and supplementation needs and develop advocacy, awareness and educational materials to facilitate BCC

Strengthen national capacities in survey techniques and analysis and facilitate evidence based decisions for policy

Additional considerations: MoHFW – Lead ministry with strong multi sectoral collaboration and coordination (MoA, MoFDM, MoF&LS, MoSc& CT)

Where Type of activity

Impact on Nutrition? WHY DID IT WORK?

Nepal, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Philippines

Homestead Food Production

Total of 3-4 times greater diversity of food produced in intervention areas

Decrease in Child Anemia from 63.9% to 45.2% in Bangladesh

Decrease in anemia among non-pregnant mothers by 26% in Nepal and 12% in Bangladesh

Common Elements: Strong nutrition education componentWomen Centered Approach Other Factors (not across all programs): Training on agricultural techniquesSmall animal husbandry included (with access to veterinary care)Inclusion of activities focused on food storage and preparation

Tanzania, Thailand

Home Gardens Intake of Vitamin A rich foods 50% greater in intervention areas (Tanzania)

Serum retinol levels increased from school girls in intervention area (Thailand)

Philippines

Home Gardens Increase by 12% in amount of Vitamin A rich foods consumed

Stunting decreased from 50% to 40%

Taiwan School Garden Garden produced 58% of daily Vitamin A requirement and 285% of Vitamin C requirement for 10 year old child

Vietnam Community Garden

Reduced prevalence f children with Vitamin A deficiency from 14% to 10%.

[1] Brun et al. 1991 from “From Agriculture to Nutrition” [2] Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre (AVRDC) program[3] Hop, Le Thi. Programs to Improve Production and Consumption of Animal Source Foods and Malnutrition in Vietnam

Successful implementation of the CIP requires

- A concerted effort by GOB and DPs in mainstreaming CIP into their respective

• Planning process• Resource allocation

- Committment by all partners to reinforce and make operational the existing institutional setting for the CIP implementation and monitoring: active engagement is needed from Government Agencies and Development Partners in close consultation with CSO/NGO and private sector

- An additional effort in resource mobilization by government and development partners

Way Forward