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Major tailings Major tailings dam dam disasters in the Phili i Philippines

Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

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Page 1: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

Major tailingsMajor tailings damdam

disasters in the

Phili iPhilippines

Page 2: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

TVI PACIFIC INCApril 6 and July 11 2007April 6 and July 11, 2007 Siocon, Zambonga del Norte 

Heavy rains washed out the clay soil and destructed the concrete wall of the sulphide dam used for the extraction of copper and zinccopper and zinc.

IMPACTS: 

Contaminated water whereContaminated water, where cyanide and mercury is detectable, flows to the Canatuan River down to Siocon River and towards the sea. Two days after the collapse, it has been reported that siltation has reached upthat siltation has reached up to 3meters thick. 

Page 3: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011
Page 4: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

LAFAYETTE POLYMETALLIC PROJECT (LAFAYETTE MINING LTD)October 11 and 31 2005October 11 and 31, 2005Rapu‐rapu Island, AlbayIt rained heavily. Water elevation at the lower tailings storage facility was almost full due to continuous rainfallalmost full due to continuous rainfall. 

IMPACTS:In the morning of November 1, 2005, fishes and other marine organisms gwere found dead at Ungay and Hollowstone Creeks As per DENR investigation report: 

1 The effluent Lafayette to meet DENR1. The effluent Lafayette to meet DENR Effluent Standards per DENR Administrative Order 90‐35 for parameter cyanide; and

2 S li d t d 4 d 52. Samplings conducted on 4 and 5 Nov. at Hollowstone Creek, Ungay Creek and Binosawan River failed to conform to conform to DENR Administrative Order 90‐35 for parameter cyanideparameter cyanide.

Page 5: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

DIZON COPPER SILVER MINES INC. (DCSMI) August 27 and September 11, 2002

Heavily‐rusted mine facilities at the Benguet Corporation‐Dizon Copper/Gold Mines (BCD) in San 

2002 San Marcelino, Zambales

The Spillway of Bayarong tailings dam collapsed during

Marcelino, Zambales.[Photo courtesy of Tetra Tech EM Inc.]

tailings dam collapsed during heavy rain; 

IMPACTS:

Low lying villages were flooded with mine waste; 

250 families evacuated;

Some tailings spilled

into Mapanuepe Lake

and eventually into the

Sto. Tomas River;

dams heavily damaged

(especially Camalca)

Communities residing In Dizon mine road.

Page 6: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

SIPALAY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL DISASTERS In November 8, 1982 under MARICALUM MINING CORP, a tailings pond causing the Wid d i d i fWidespread inundation ofagricultural land up to 1.5m High and the siltation ofthe Tao‐angan River  

Again in December 8, 1995Under PHILEX MINING CORP,Destruction of tailings pond C d th ilt ti f

MARICALUM MINING CORP. December 2001 

Caused the siltation of Sipalay River.

Since the ‘temporary’ stoppage of operations no fresh tailings have been discharged, causing tailings pond 3 to dry up and become prone to wind actions 

IMPACTSIMPACTS:

Excessive levels of dust affect area of 5 km; air quality affected; nearby residents report increases in respiratory illnesses

Page 7: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

ATLAS CONSOLIDATED MINING AND DEVELOPMENT CORP.DEVELOPMENT CORP. (ACMDC) August 9, 1999 Toledo City, Cebu 

Outlet in drainage tunnel of the open pit (from closed copper mine) was clogged

released approximately 5.7 million m3 of acidic water into Sapangdaku and into the open sea

copper mine) was clogged resulting in loosening of accumulated silt, causing discharge into the Sapangdaku River towards the sea

IMPACTSIMPACTS:

Siltation of Sapangdaku River; 

Increase in acidity of affected water bodies causing fish killwater bodies causing fish kill 

Page 8: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

PLACER, SURIGAO DEL NORTE DISASTERS 

All under MANILA MINING CORP. (MMC)

• July 9, 1987: Dam failure causing fish kills

• September 2, 1995: Dam foundation failure at tailings pond 5 of the Placer copper‐gold project killing 5 people and coastal pollution

• April 26, 1999: Tailings spill from damaged concrete pipe in tailings pond caused 40 homes to be buried and 40 hectares of land affected including 20 hectares of agricultural land

Page 9: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

DISASTERS IN SIBUTAD, ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTEUNDER PHILEX GOLDUNDER PHILEX GOLD PHILIPPINES INC. (PHILEXMINING CORP.) 

Two incidents of heavy rainTwo incidents of heavy rain resulted in mudflow and rockslide into silt dam at Lalab (November 6, 1997) causing fl hfl d d d bflashfloods damaged nearby houses and rice fields and the overflowing of  silt dam at the Sibutad gold project (in June g p j (27, 1998) causing fish kill and blindness.   

Page 10: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

According to the Save The Abra River M t th ilt ti d t i ll ti fMovement, the siltation and toxic pollution of the rivers deprives communities in Cervantes of about 7.33 million kg of rice worth US$2.27 million per annum.

BENGUET DISASTERS

p

October 17, 1986, Mankayan, Benguet (Lepanto Consolidated Mining Corporation):October 17, 1986, Mankayan, Benguet (Lepanto Consolidated Mining Corporation): Collapse of tailings pond 3 due to weakened dam embankment caused by additional loading caused the siltation of the Abra River which affected 9 municipalities 

Page 11: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

January 1992, Padcal, Tuba, Benguet (Philex Mining Corp.): Collapse of dam wall at tailings pond 2 due to weakened foundation caused by the 1990 Northern Luzon earthquake effected the heavy siltation affected downstream government irrigation system

BENGUET DISASTERS

Page 12: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

BENGUET DISASTERS

June 26 1993 Mankayan Benguet (Itogon Suyoc Mines Inc): Overtopping at the dam

DISASTERS

June 26, 1993, Mankayan, Benguet (Itogon‐Suyoc Mines Inc): Overtopping at the dam of the Itogon‐Suyoc gold and silver mines occurred during a typhoon when the dam’s penstock and diversion tunnel were blocked caused the siltation of adjoining river

Page 13: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

MARINDUQUE TRAGEDIES

Page 14: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

THE WORST MINING DISASTER: MARINDUQUE EXPERIENCE

FillFille

MARINDUQUE EXPERIENCE

FillFille

Page 15: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

December 6, 1993, Marinduque IslandMARCOPPER MINING CORP 

The Maguila‐Guila siltation dam collapsed due to pressure from heavy siltation at the dam wall and caused the Mogpog Ri b fl d d 2 hild kill dRiver to be flooded; 2 children killed; livestock killed; agricultural land contaminated; downstream communities and Mogpog Town floodedand Mogpog Town flooded. 

Page 16: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

March 24, 1996, Marinduque IslandMARCOPPER MINING CORP

According to the company the rock around a cement plugrock around a cement plug inserted into the former Tapian open Pit drainage tunnel to convert it into atunnel to convert it into a tailings containment was fractured and the plug failed. H th t l t t dHowever, the tunnel started leaking in August 1995. In September 1995 

/ lMarcopper/Placer Dome started drilling down 160 meters to the tunnel. On 24 March 1996 the drill hit the tunnel, released an air pocket holding back tailings and 

Page 17: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

Left: Children and women in Mogpog were found to be with Left: Children and women in Mogpog were found to be with symptoms of arsenic poisoning. Below: After the amputation symptoms of arsenic poisoning. Below: After the amputation of his right leg, the left leg of a fisher folk in Calancan Bay, is of his right leg, the left leg of a fisher folk in Calancan Bay, is g g, g y,g g, g y,also contaminated with arsenic contamination  30 years after also contaminated with arsenic contamination  30 years after mine wastes were dumped in their bay. mine wastes were dumped in their bay. 

© MACECIMPACTS TO PEOPLE’S HEALTH AND LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMY

Page 18: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

Fish kills; death of Boac and Mogpog River 

•Evacuation of 1200residents •26 km of the Makulaquit andBoac river systems filledwith tailings renderingthem unusable $80 illi i d•$80 million in damage(the real figure ismuch higher 3) •Flash floods isolated 5•Flash floods isolated 5Villages•67,000 m3 of bagged tailings collected and gstacked in tattered sacks on banks of Boac Riversince cleanup began in 

© MACECIMPACTS TO PEOPLE’S HEALTH AND LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMY

summer 2000

Page 19: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

THE WORST MINING DISASTER: MARINDUQUE EXPERIENCEMARINDUQUE EXPERIENCE

FillFilleBags of mine waste tailings decomposing in Bags of mine waste tailings decomposing in 

FillFillethe Boac River in March 2004 (Oxfam)the Boac River in March 2004 (Oxfam)

Page 20: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

WHAT MINERS CANNOT SOLVE: 

Acid mine drainage or acid rock drainage, is the acidic water that drains out of above-ground or under-ground coal and metal mines. It may form

Acid Mine Drainageg y

inside the mine or several kilometers downstream.

It can occur during mining operations and even when operations has finished and the site is when operations has finished and the site is abandoned.

It affects stream and river ecosystems by increasing acidity depleting oxygen and releasing heavy acidity, depleting oxygen, and releasing heavy metals, such as aluminum, iron, manganese, and zinc.

Page 21: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

“The miner rapes theThe miner rapes the heart of earth With his 

violent spade.”‐Kath Walke, IP Poet

© Alyansa Tigil Mina

Page 22: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

THANK YOU.

Page 23: Major Tailings Dam Disasters in the Philippines - Alyansa Tigil Mina (ATM) - April 2011

Photos and data were taken from the f llfollowing sources: 

• ATM File Photos• Oxfam Ombudsman Report on Marinduque• Legal Rights and Natural Resources Center (LRC)• Philippine Indigenous Peoples Links (Piplinks)• Marinduque Council for Environmental Concerns (MACEC)(MACEC)

• Alex Felipe Photos• www saverapurapu blogspot com• www.saverapurapu.blogspot.com• www.panoramio.com• wwwmustardseedblog comwww.mustardseedblog.com