9.) audio video ethernet (avb cobra net dante)

Point of View Whitebaord

Business ValueStrategic Asset

Ethernet for Sound

SYNCE integration.Eliminate the Cross Connect.IP Signal DistributionDante, AVB/TSN,CobraNetfuture-proof AV XoSPeople

Why?Why?

How?

Why use a standard Ethernet protocol? Be sure to use non-blocking layer-2 gigabit switches. To check whether all the ports are capable of simultaneous gigabit transfer (whether the switch is non-blocking), determine whether the switching capacity is at least 1 Gbps the number of ports 2 (for in and out). When there are not many audio channels, transfer speeds of 100 Mbps may also be able to be used, but to construct a more stable system, you should always use a switch that supports gigabit transfers. Also, please be aware that some low-cost switches that support gigabit transfers may have insufficient packet forwarding capabilities. Packet forwarding rate (throughput) is measured in packets per second (pps). A sufficient forwarding rate is 1.488 Mpps per port (gigabit). This is equivalent to a forwarding rate for the entire switch of 1.488 Mpps the number of ports. Unless you are using Dante devices that can be daisy chained, you will need a network switch that meets the following requirements to construct a Dante network.1. Non-blocking layer-2 gigabit switch2. Capable of switching off Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) and other power-saving features3. We recommend managed (intelligent) switches that can be configured and monitored.4. We recommend switches that support DiffServ (DSCP) Quality of Service (QoS) with strict priority and 4 queues. Accommodates move towards Network ConvergenceForwardly-compatible as Ethernet technology advances Uses cost-effective CAT5/6 cable or fiber IP Multicast is compatible with existing data networksEasily understood by IT technicians & Network AdministratorsSimple installation & setup, uses proven techniques such as Auto IP discovery, VLANs, IGMP, PIM etcCan Dante operate over a Wi-Fi network? No. While possible in principle, the practical limitations of current wireless technology (802.11a/b/g/n) render reliable performance unachievable. For this reason Dante software such as Virtual Soundcard will not recognize wireless connections for audio data.

1Jeff Greens Point-of-View [email protected]

XoS Audio Video

WHY CHOOSE AVB? AVB introduces four major improvements to standard 802 architectures, including precise synchronization, traffic shaping for media streams, admission control, and identification of non-participating devices. AVB delivers cost savings through simplified integration, ease of use, and added functionality and control. Benefits include larger channel capacities, automated tuning via the network, smoother migrations to new applications, and lower implementation and ongoing costs. IT networks were designed to carry as much information as possible as reliably as possibleSpeed was important, efficiency was important, delay minimization was importantMaintaining synchronization was only a secondary concern (at best)All concept of time was lost in network specifications except for physical layersDelays in buffers and queues were not communicated or measured.There was no explicit way for an application to determine when an event occurred on a remote device without some kind of out-of-band support: WWV, GPS, 1PPS (one pulse per second) cable, IRIG, etc.

AVB is a set of new transport protocols for audio and video over a TCP/IP network, and stands for Audio Video Bridging. It's expected to replace older networks such as CobraNet and Dante. AVB encompasses a few new standards which require network switch support, so any switch off the shelf won't work with AVB. To date, I have only found one AVB compatible switch on the market. New IEEE standards are 802.1AS (timing and sync), 802.1Qat (stream reservation), 802.1Qav (forwarding a queuing for time-sensitive streams), and 802.1BA (AVB systems).

The primary advantage for AV integrators is simplicity. From the endpoint to the network core, AVB makes networks easier to manage, modify, and provision, and eliminates challenges presented by distance. Additionally, while traditional AV installations use a single wire path for each media flow and require complex and expensive matrix switches to route each flow to a new destination, (resulting in a jungle of cables), with AVB, the network intelligently switches multiple media flows across a single cable while ensuring QoS , resource reservation, and precise synchronization of all network elements.211/13/2016Jeff Greens Point-of-View [email protected]

8 XLower CostCost effective way to direct multiple services per subscriber (business & residential) to different Content ProvidersExtreme Factoid: Over 100 carrier customers globally4000 X moreEthernet VPNsExtreme Factoid: Built some of the largest Carrier Ethernet networks with 100,000s of ports

Wiring of a patch bay of an outside broadcasting van

BeforeAfter

Page 3Together, these define common QoS services for time sensitive streams and mapping between different layer 2 technologies. They also enable a common endpoint interface for QoS regardless of the particular layer 2 technologies used in the path followed by a stream, effectively defining an API or toolkit for QoS-related services for ALL layer 2 technologies acquisitions and other activities that require convergence of multiple networks. Audio Video Bridging introduced mechanisms for the convergence of IT networks and audio/video networksAudio Video Bridging guarantees bandwidth for reserved streams and best effort trafficAudio Video Bridging guarantees a certain latency for reserved streams

Professional Live Audio and Video2 ms maximum delay - Maximum delay between a musician doing something and hearing that same something is 10 ms while the transit time of sound from monitor speakers to the musician, plus DSP delays, plus mixer delays, plus more DSP delays uses up 8ms so the network gets 2ms for the musician-to-monitor path1 s maximum synchronization error - For speaker arrays the maximum synchronization error between speakers must be less than 10 s and, of course, the designers want (and can use) better: down to 1 sControl and Sensor Networks More stringent than ProAVHome NetworksLess stringent than ProAVObjectives:Provide a network-wide precision clock referenceLimit network delays to a well-known valueKeep non-time-sensitive traffic from messing things up

Jeff Greens Point-of-View [email protected]

Ethernet in Media & Broadcast

Proprietary Digital/AnalogEthernetSeparate Media Networks

Converged Media Production Network, Teaming up with the audio and video industrys leading experts and brands for interoperability and deployments

67% CAPEX Savings35% OPEX Savings Over a 5 year period

The iconic Oriental Pearl Tower, left, is used for broadcasting both radio and TV in Shanghai. AVB is Ethernets next stage of convergence, delivering pitch perfect audio and crystal clear video seamlessly over the networkIP/Ethernet is bringing simplicity and features to audio and video as it has brought to services like VoIP, Storage and many moreHigh quality, perfectly synchronized A/V until now has been difficult to maintainStandards work by the IEEE and the AVB standard changes everything, creating interoperability and mass-marketing equipment pricingDelivers predictable latency and precise synchronization, maximizing the functionality of AV time synchronization and quality or service

Reduced complexityEase of use through interoperability between devicesStreamlines complex network set-up and management, the Infrastructure negotiates and manages the network for optimal prioritized media transportAV traffic can co-exist with non-AV traffic on same Ethernet infrastructureDedicated to enabling an ecosystem of affordable professional-quality streaming for networked audio and video content.Marketing to promote AVB systemsDeveloping an AVB certification programDesigned by AVnuImplemented by UNH-IOLBridge and endpoint certificationConducts periodic interoperability (Plugfest) events

4Jeff Greens Point-of-View [email protected]

AV Signal Distribution and Control over IP

Distribute content from a single sourceto hundreds of displaysDistance! Scalability! Flexibility!

Replacing a crossbar switch with virtual IP packet switching - The ability to expand video-over-IP systems one piece at a time and the decentralized nature of the matrix makes the technology very compelling for any size or scope of AV project.. AV-over-IP is the transport of AV signals over a standard Ethernet network, includingHD Video (e.g. HDMI, DVI)AudioControl Signals (e.g. IR)Peripheral Signals (e.g. USB)

Does Dante require special switches? No. We strongly recommend that Gigabit switches be used due to the clear advantages in performance and scalability.Does Dante require a dedicated network infrastructure? No, a dedicated network infrastructure is not required. Dante-enabled devices can happily coexist with other equipment making use of the network, such as general purpose PCs sending and receiving email and other data.Does Dante require any special network infrastructure? No, special network infrastructure is not required. Since Dante is based upon universally accepted networking standards, Dante-enabled devices can be connected using inexpensive off-the-shelf Ethernet switches and cabling.

What features are important when purchasing a switch? Dante makes use of standard Voice over IP (VoIP) Quality of Service (QoS) switch features, to prioritize clock sync and audio traffic over other network traffic. VoIP QoS features are available in a variety of inexpensive and enterprise Ethernet switches. Any switches with the following features should be appropriate for use with Dante: Gigabit ports for inter-switch connections Quality of Service (QoS) with 4 queues Diffserv (DSCP) QoS, with strict priority

511/13/2016Jeff Greens Point-of-View [email protected]

Which one when? AVB / TSN(Audio Video Bridging)Need to run on existing network - Rapid Adoption Growing Plug & Play Existing networks 1-5ms Latency Name Based Routing Common Control Application Network Setup may take time for QoS

https://www.audinate.com/about/historyAre able to upgrade network to AVB/ TSN certified switches - Adoption in flux Plug & Play implementations, Standard. Implementation will vary Easy network setup Excellent sync & Low latency 192K / 32 bit floating point 2ms Latency Requires certified switch Control & Config per mfgIf CobraNet is already in place

Tried and true Adoption Waning Not Suggested with other network traffic One sample rate per system 8 Channel Bundles

Its about the network

The protocols themselves dont matter as much as what they allow you to do with the equipment connected to them. While Dante, AVB, and CobraNet all have strength and limitations, they are each flexible enough to meet audio most demands. Once every source of video be it a VTC camera, VTC Codec, conference room table laptop connection, satellite receiver, BluRay, digital signage player etc. is connected to an encoder and each display and projector is connected to a decoder the entire installation becomes one integrated, cohesive system. This allows not only for any source to be switched to any display by network-accessible devices such as iPads but also for analytical data on the usage of the AV assets to be collated.Starting with the protocol and working up to the rest of the system is backwardsCustomer Requirements Specifications Design Options Audio Devices & Selection of Network

Codecs & Streaming Protocols - H.264 (latest iteration of MPEG) MPEG compression is considered to be asymmetric as the encoder is more complex than the decoder and therefore more suited for applications where the number of expensive complex encoders is small but the number of simple inexpensive decoders is large. It also is well-suited to encode once / distribute many applications such as DVD or BluRay authoring.A disadvantage for live streaming is the reliance on a key frame every 15-30 frames of video (long GOP).

JPEG2000 compression is considered to be symmetric as encoding and decoding is essentially the same. The relatively low cost of the encoders is attractive when a large number of video sources is required. JPEG2000 is capable of very high quality and is extremely stable (no key frames). Very low latency makes it suitable for IMAG and PTZ cameras. Manufacturers such as SVSi (voLANte) and T-VIPS use this technology. It is also widely used in Digital Cinemas and for life-critical medical imaging applications.LANs can accommodate both Unicast and Multicast data and typically have significant bandwidth. Most corporate LANS will be gigabit (10/100/1000) and often will use 10Gbps fiber uplinks between switches. When quality, stability and low latency is important JPEG2000 is the best choice for a well-managed LAN environmentWANs including the Internet can only accommodate Unicast and typically have very constrained bandwidth. H.264 is currently the best choice for deployment on a WAN.


Networking Basics

Why audio networking - Its not about the standard or the protocol. They are just a means to an end. Most of the time, any of the options, when properly configured will do the job. Technical and Capabilities Overview, For audio any will work. AVB/TSN is the only one that really supports any payload.

Any audio - AnywhereAVB/TSNCobraNetDante

Legacy Way

Everything Point-to-Point or through matrix switchIndividual terminations on every signal pathHeavy multi-core snakesReconfiguration and growth not very flexibleSignal degradation with distanceMinimal distribution-related latency

Totally new to AV over IT? This may help. If you have worked with any of the popular protocols, your time is better spent in other sessions. AV over IT methods vary in application of OSI model. Audio Networking - One RJ45 and CAT5 cable for dozens of signal paths. Switches can provide hardware time stamping which allows synchronization, offsets, and corrections. All covered in IEEE 1588. Minimal terminations. One Cat5e / Cat 6, End points at any network drop & Soft routingMinimal signal loss with distancePotential distribution related latency

Ethernet Timing & Priority Standards - All audio over Ethernet protocols require Priority, Sequence, & SyncDifferentiated Services / Quality of Service (DiffServ, QoS)Priority by data type (Clock Sync and Audio Packets over Email)Traffic prioritized based upon tags in IP Header (Layer 3)Priority number assigned by manage switch to each packet

Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)Keeps data sequenced in the right orderTime stamp on UDP headerWorks with RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol) for QoS and SyncVariation: RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) works on TCP and not UDPDoes not reserve resources or provide for quality of service

Precision Timing Protocol (PTP)IEEE 1588Sub-microsecond accuracy to synchronize subnetsLayer 2 - Switches provide hardware-based time stamping


CobraNet Tried & True

Dedicated network not requiredDedicated network recommendedVLANs an option to segment trafficPops, clicks, or dropouts

Bandwidth use up to capacity of the switchNow owned by Cirrus LogicCombination of software, hardware and network protocolLayer 2 Protocol compatible with standard network infrastructureCobraNet Background

http://www.cobranet.info/support/design

Extreme Networks Summit X440 switches extend high performance AVB to the converged edge, enabling fine grained Quality of Service (QoS), stacking, high availability features and identity aware security in a compact, cost effective switch. Standards-based Power over Ethernet support (802.3af / 802.3at) allows the Summit X440 to support large-scale rollouts of converged network devices such as audio endpoints, video cameras, IP telephones, access points as well as physical security devices. CobraNet TimingLatency is fixed & applies to the entire systemLatency: 1.33mS, 2.66mS, or 5.33mS

User definableLower latency yields lower channel counts+ AD/DA & DSP Latency 10msClock accuracy: 10s for channels originating on the same switchLonger for devices connected to different switchesConductor [Master Clock]sends out Beat packet for entire system

Latency is fixed & applies to the entire system.Latency: 1.33mS, 2.66mS, or 5.33mS.+ AD/DA & DSP Latency 10msClock accuracy: 10s for channels originating on the same switchLonger for devices connected to different switchesConductor [Master Clock]sends out Beat packet for entire system

CobraNet AudioUp to 64 channels in and 64 channels outUp to 96kHz / 24 BitMust match across systemAudio grouped in 8 channel bundlesLess at 24 bitChannel count expandable by VLAN


Dante Networking2003 Former team from Motorola starts AudinateMarch 2015: Passed 200 Manufactures. 6 months after passing 15020 Million Dante Network Channels 50% shipped in last 12 monthsWide adoption & major events - Pope Francis, Paul McCartney, Bruce Springsteen,Elton John, Bob Dylan, Kenny Chesney, Foo Fighters, The Killers, etc

Dante Controller Routing

Standard Switch OKManaged switch preferredWill work with AVB switchesDedicated Network: No

Supported Channel Count: 1024 (512/512) Can route individually (Bundles not required)192K / 32Bit Supports Multiple Simultaneous sample ratesMust match between subscriptionsSubscriptions are signal routings from outputs of one device to inputs on another

Label-based routing - DHCP to automatically assign IP addressesPlug & Play device discoveryUDP / IP for speedDiffServ QoSPriority by data typePriority number assigned to each packet at managed switch

Proprietary system of software & hardwareLicensed technology for use on standard networksOSI Layer 3

Standard Switch OK - Will work with AVB switch as will pretty much anything since and AVB is a networking standardManaged switch preferredWill work with AVB switchesDedicated Network: NoCat5e if only 100Mbs / Cat6 recommended on gigabit networksKeep some bandwidth headroom - Up to 70% of usable bandwidth for Dante


How does Dante use DSCP / QoS?Switches prioritize packets using what are called DSCP/Diffserv values. Although Dante packet priority values have been chosen to make it simple to configure QoS with many switches, some switches require special configuration to recognize and prioritize specific DSCP values. The table below shows how Dante uses various Diffserv Code Points (DSCP) packet priority values:PriorityUsageDSCP LabelHexDecimalDecimalHighTime critical PTP eventsCS70x3856111000MediumAudio, PTPEF0x2E46101110Low(reserved)CS10x088001000NoneOther trafficBestEffort0x000000000

How does Dante manage QoS? Dante uses standard Voice over IP (VoIP) Quality of Service (QoS) switch features to prioritize clock sync and audio traffic over other network traffic. QoS is available in many inexpensive and enterprise Ethernet switches. Any switch that supports Diffserv (DSCP) QoS with strict priority and 4 queues, and has Gigabit ports for inter-switch connections should be appropriate for use with Dante.

Dante can make use of DiffServ QoS in the network. Dante will tag packets, and its tags can be integrated into an existing IT network QoS scheme: What is the minimum requirement for switches in a Dante network? All Ethernet switches are capable of working with Dante. However, please be aware that there are some features on some kinds of switches that will allow you to build larger and more reliable Dante networks. While Gigabit switches are recommended, 100Mbps switches may be used in limited scenarios.For channel counts of 32 or more, Gigabit switches are essential. QoS is required when using Dante in networks that have 100Mbps devices. QoS is also recommended for Gigabit switches on networks that share data with services other than Dante.For lower channel count (