THE EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION PATTERN ON HEART DISEASE IN ELDERLY

Retno Inten Rezki K21113001

Jordan Tirto Sumule K21113002

St. Nur Azizah Utami K21113008

Haslindah K21113020

Ulfa Purnamasari K21113305

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ELDERLY

Elderly

and their

problem

Solution

for elderly

with

hearth

disease

WHO (2005) says that Cardiovascular disease is the largest cause of death in the population aged 65 years and over the number of deaths in developing countries more.

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The Law No. 13 of 1998 in Chapter 1 Article 1, paragraph 2 reads

"Advanced age is a person who reaches the age of 60 years and over“

According to the Ministry of Health , the elderly are grouped into:

•Pre elderly (45-59 years)

•Advanced age (60-69 years)

•High risk elderly (≥70 years or ≥60 years of age with health

problems).

CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF THE ELDERLY IN THIS ERA

According Elvia (2012) type of food consumed daily elderly are still in the low category, such as high fat-containing foods such as condensed milk, oil, contain a lot of sugar, high salt, vegetables and fruits that contain gas, and beverages consumed every day is coffee.

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UNHEALTHY CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN THE ELDERLY

•High consumption of saturated fats

•less protein consumption

•Less fruits and vegetables consumption

•drinking tea or coffee as a breakfast

•Less activity

•Smoking habit

Source: Batubara et al (2011)

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NUTRITIONAL ADEQUACY RATE FOR ELDERLY 2013

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One of the consequences of unhealthy consumption patterns is the emergence of a variety of degenerative diseases that occur in the elderly. Based on Health Research Data (Riskesdas) 2007, the prevalence of disease in the elderly 55-64 years was 56.4% joint disease, hypertension 53.7%, stroke 20.2 ‰, 7.3% Asthma, Heart 16.1 %, diabetes 3.7%, 8.8% tumors. Increased degenerative diseases of the elderly will increase the economic burden on families, communities and countries.

From what was said above it can be seen that the heart disease is one disease that often affects the elderly.

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HEARTH DISEASE

According Supriono (2008) Coronary heart disease is a disease of the heart and blood vessels caused by constriction of the coronary arteries.

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THE RISK FACTOR OF HEART DESEASE

1. Cholesterol

cholesterol levels are determined by the balance eukosanoid, which is controlled by food intake. Excessive fat intake causes high levels of fat in the blood. Cholesterol can also be produced by the liver as a result of high carbohydrate consumption. In the liver, there are HMG-CoA reductase enzyme under the control of insulin and glucagon. If a person has a higher insulin response on carbohydrates then the formation of cholesterol in the body will increase, this is because insulin activates HMG CoA reductase causes the liver to make more cholesterol.

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2. OBESITY

This condition is caused by excessive consumption patterns, lots of fat and calories in excess of needs. Metabolic processes are decreased in the elderly, if not offset by an increase in physical activity or decrease the amount of food, so that the amount of the excess calories are converted into fat which can lead to obesity. overweight or obese increases the risk of coronary heart disease 1-3 times

Source: The Ministry of Health (2012) 13/12/2014

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3. Hypertension

Excess weight will increase the burden of the heart to pump blood throughout the body. As a result, blood pressure tends to be higher. Hypertension, increase the chances of ateroskleorosis and arterioskleorosis. If the blockage occurs in the heart can cause a heart attack in the form of chest pain or death of heart muscle (angina pectoris or myocardial infarction).

Source: The Ministry of Health (2012)

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4. Diabetes mellitus type II

75% of patients with type II diabetes are obese or with a history of obesity. In people with more body weight, hyperglycemia occurs because the insulin produced by the pancreas does not make ends meet or because of malfunctioning of insulin. As a result, excess glucose can not be converted into energy reserves (glycogen) so that high blood sugar levels. It is certainly closely hubungannnya the food consumed. Foods containing glucose consumed continuously will certainly increase blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin function.

Source: The Ministry of Health (2012)

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5. Atherosclerosis

narrowing and hardening of the arteries caused by fatty deposits known as plaque. These plaques are not only dangerous because it constricts blood vessels but also because some of them can get out and go to the heart, causing a heart attack. Again these risk factors caused by the excessive consumption of fat and eventually accumulate in the arteries

Source: The Ministry of Health (2012)

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HOW CHOLESTEROL CLOGS THE ARTERIES

The recommended healthy consumption

pattern

• According to the Ministry of Health, diet for

heart disease in the elderly should be done

with the following goals:

a) Lose weight (BW) if too fat and maintain the

normal limits

b) Reduce / eliminate fluid retention / salt

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DIET MANAGEMENT

a. Energy is given in accordance with the requirements too fat when given a reduction of energy

b. Protein was given 15% of the total energy needs Carbohydrates are restricted, between 50-60% of the total energy.

c. The reduction is mainly derived from the use of refined carbohydrates such as sugar reduced

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d. Fat <20% of total energy needs, prioritized

using polyunsaturated fats such as those

found in corn oil, soybean oil, sunflower

seed oil, and others

e. Cholesterol is limited daily 300-500 mg

f. Enough fiber between 20-30 g / day in the

form of soluble fiber such as pectin found

in apples, persimmons and others.

g. Reducing sodium especially if there is

edema and hypertension 13/12/2014

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Which contain unsaturated fats, such as:

• corn oil,

• soybean oil,

• sunflower seed oil

• cotton oil

• olive oil,

• peanut oil,

• Peanuts and cashews,

• avocado

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Source: Ministry of Health

THE RECOMMENDED FOOD

NOT RECOMMENDED FOOD

High cholesterol, for example:

• brain, viscera (spleen, heart, lungs, tripe),

• egg yolk

• shrimp and crab,

• Palm oil

• fat of meat (beef, lamb)

• chicken skin,

• butter, cheese, margarine,

• coconut milk, coconut oil,

• sausage,

• corned beef, salami

• Full cream milk

Sources of simple carbohydrates, such as:

• sugar,

• candy,

• syrup,

• honey,

• including cake baking of starchy flour like cake, sponge cake and biscuit

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Source: Ministry of Health

Example menu for elderly with

heart disease

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Source: Ministry of Health

CONCLUSION

• Elderly who are the vulnerable group of degenerative disease should pay attention to the pattern of consumption of the good. Patterns of consumption becomes one of the important factors that can determine an elderly person can be healthy or suffering from degenerative diseases such as heart disease. Where heart disease is the leading cause of death for the elderly in the world according to the World Health Organization notes.

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Batubara, Maulida Br., Ernawati Nasution, Evawany Y Aritonang. (2012). “Gambaran Perilaku Konsumsi Pangan Dan Status Gizi Lanjut Usia Di Kelurahan Pekan Tanjung Pura Kecamatan Tanjung Pura Kabupaten Langkat Tahun 2012,” Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat: 2.

Elvia, Nova., Muhammad Arifin Siregar, Albiner Siagian. (2012). “Gambaran pola konsumsi pangan dan pola penyakit pada usia lanjut di wilayah kerja puskesmas tapaktuan kecamatan tapaktuan kabupaten aceh selatan tahun 2012.”.

GIZINET. (2011). Gizi lansia pdf. [online] [accessed on 11 October 2014] http://www.gizi.depkes.go.id.

Supriyono, Mamat. (2008). Faktor-faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian penyakit jantung koroner pada kelompok usia < 45 tahun. Universitas Dipenegoro Semarang: 21-24

WHO, (2005) Cardiovaskuler Disease. [online] [accessed on 11 October 2014] www.who.int

www.youtube.com

www.google.com

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