Every Bite Counts!Every Bite Counts!

Nutrition Tips forNutrition Tips for

Breast and Ovarian Breast and Ovarian CancerCancer

Presented byRonnie Fortunato, MS, RDNJamie Lopez, MS, RDN

Role of nutritionPower of plants – plant-based dietSuperfoods to prioritizeHealthy FatsBone Health

OutlineOutline

Diet is important during periods of intense treatment, but also during recovery

Lifestyle and eating choices can help the body’s repair process

Today’s focus is on Nutritional needs Promotion of overall health Well-being and prevention of tumor

re-growth

Role of NutritionRole of Nutrition

Plants have a variety of cancer fighting properties: Antioxidants – vitamins and minerals Phytochemicals

Plant Based DietPlant Based Diet

Research shows a diet high in plant

based foods reduces the risk of

cancer

Plant based diets are high in fiber which may reduce: Estrogen levels Insulin and insulin-like growth factors

Plant based diets are high in anti-oxidants and phytochemicals which: Protect cells by inhibiting cancer cell

growth

Plant Based DietPlant Based Diet

Definition: “Plant Chemicals” that work in combination with vitamins and minerals to prevent, stop, reduce disease

Greatest benefit: eating whole foods Whole foods: foods that are minimally and

simply processed Retain more nutrients to promote health

compared to processed foods or supplements

PhytochemicalsPhytochemicals

Phytochemicals are often found in pigments (or color) of fruits and vegetables

For example:

ResveratrolResveratrol LycopeneLycopene

Eat Eat CCoolloorrffuull Foods! Foods!

CarotenoidsCarotenoids

More examples….

CyanidinCyanidin AllicinAllicin

Eat Eat CCoolloorrffuull Foods! Foods!

ApigeninApigenin

SuperfoodsSuperfoods

Superfoods Nutrient-rich Beneficial for health and well-being Include vegetables, fruits, whole

grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds

Cruciferous VegetablesCruciferous Vegetables

Cruciferous vegetables - kale, broccoli, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts

Contain phytochemicals - may help fight cancer by: Detoxifying carcinogens Stopping growth of tumor cells Changing the activity of estrogen

Incorporate to your diet on a regular basis

Flax SeedsFlax Seeds Flaxseed - may stop tumors from forming

and growing Grind seeds to get all benefits Purchase already ground, or grind

yourself in a spice grinder Once ground, sprinkle onto foods like

yogurt or oatmeal Store whole or ground seeds in the

refrigerator or freezer for up to six months

Research found that soy products high in soy isoflavones do not cause breast cancer

In post-menopausal women it may reduce risk but more research is needed…..

Good soy products are: Edamame, tofu, tempeh, miso soup Whole vs. Processed (“soy protein

isolates”)

Truth on SoyTruth on Soy

Fat – an important source of energy for the body

All fats are not the same!

Which fats are most healthful?

Dietary FatsDietary Fats

EmphasizeHealthy fats

MinimizeUnhealthy fats

Monounsaturated Monounsaturated PolyunsaturatedPolyunsaturated

Saturated FatsSaturated FatsTrans-fatsTrans-fats

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats can reduce blood cholesterol levels, lowering risk of heart disease

Omega 3 fatty acids – anti inflammatory! Reduce inflammation Benefit immune system May reduce risk of metastatic disease

Healthy FatsHealthy Fats

Monounsaturated Nuts, nut oils and nut butters; olive,

canola, safflower oil; avocado Polyunsaturated

Sunflower, corn, and sesame oils Omega-3s

Fatty fish like salmon, tuna, herring, mackerel and sardines; nuts and seeds (walnuts, flaxseed)

Healthy FatsHealthy Fats

Limit saturated fat and trans-fat

Saturated fat found mainly in animal products

Commercially baked goods contain saturated fat and trans-fat

Less Healthy FatsLess Healthy Fats

Bone HealthBone HealthCancer treatments, in addition to aging and

menopause, can lead to bone loss Increase risk of fractures and loss of independence

5 Tips for Bone Health5 Tips for Bone Health1. Exercise on a regular basis*

Exercise helps to strengthen bones and reduce bone loss.

2. Eat more green vegetables Kale, spinach, broccoli and Brussels

sprouts are high in vitamin K, magnesium and calcium that work together to maintain bone health

5 Tips for Bone Health5 Tips for Bone Health

3. Eat enough protein-rich foods Protein builds, repairs, and replaces body tissue Meat, fish, soy and beans are all excellent sources

of protein Eggs and dairy – high in protein and have the

added benefit of calcium and vitamin D

5 Tips for Bone Health5 Tips for Bone Health

4. Maintain healthy body weight Carrying excess body weight puts extra stress on

your bones If you’re overweight, make healthy weight loss a

priority by exercising and following a balanced diet

5 Tips for Bone Health5 Tips for Bone Health5. Spend time in the sun

Your body makes vitamin D from the sun’s ultra-violet rays

During the summer months, 10-15 minutes of sun exposure at least 3 times a week without sunscreen is adequateGood Food Sources of

Vitamin D:Egg yolk

MushroomsFish

Fortified milk

Physical activity is key to a healthy lifestyle!

Recommend 150 minutes per week 30 min/ 5 days week

Physical ActivityPhysical Activity

TYPES OF EXERCISEAerobic exercise: Walking, running, cycling, dancing, or swimming. Promotes fat loss, proper blood circulation, and strengthens the heart

Resistance exercise: Calisthenics, yoga, resistance bands or weights. Helps to build muscle mass to restore strength and balance.

Stretching: Increases flexibility and prevents injury. Should be done before (as a warm-up) and after exercise (cool down).

The two most important changes that you can make to reduce your risk are:

Eating 5-7 servings of fruits and vegetables

per day

Getting regular physical activity

30 minutes, 5 days per week

Preventing ReoccurrencesPreventing Reoccurrences

Increase physical activityIncrease fruits and vegetablesStick with a plant based diet

Include Omega 3 fatty acids found in fish

Avoid weight gain after treatmentStop smokingReduce alcohol consumption

ConclusionConclusion

Every Bite CountsEvery Bite Counts

To order please contact the Nutrition Services Department at:

Email nutrition@glwd.org or call 212.294.8103

Questions?Questions?

Word Cancer Research Fund International/American Institute for Cancer Research. Continuous Update Project Report: Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Breas Cancer. 2017.

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Tuso P.J. Ismail M.H, Ha B.P., Cartolotto C.B. Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets. Perm J. 2013 Spring; 17(2): 61-66

Link L.B, Canchola A.J., Bernstein L., Clarke C.A., Stram D.O., Ursin G., Horn-Ross P.L. Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study cohort.

Nahum A., Hirsch K., Danilenko M., Watts CK., Prall O.W., Levy J., Sharoni Y. Lycopene inhibition of cell cycle progression in breast and endometrial cancer cells is associated with reduction in cyclin D levels and retention of p27(Kip1) in the cyclin E-cdk2 complexes. Oncogene. 2001 Jun 7; 20(26):3428-36.

Hu W., Khor T.O., Shu L., Su Z., Fuentes F., Lee J.H., Kong A.N.T. Plants Against Cancer: A Review on Natural Phytochemicals in Preventing and Treating Cancers and Their Druggability. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2012 Dec; 12(10): 1281-1305

Khankari N.K., Bradshaw P.T., Steck S.E. Dietary Intake of Fish, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Survival After Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Follow-Up Study on Long Island, New York. Cancer. 2015 Jul 1: 121(13): 2244-2252.

Patterson R.E, Flatt S.W, Newman V.A, Natarajan L, Rock C.L, Thomson C.A, Caan B.J, Parker B.A, Pierce J.P. Marine Fatty Acid Intake Is Associated with Breast Cancer Prognosis. J. Nutr. 2011: 141: 201-206.

Hamer J, Warner E. Lifestyle modifications for patients with breast cancer to improve prognosis and optimize overall health. CMAJ 2017 Feb 21;189:E268-74.

Lahart I.M, Metsios G.S, Nevill A.M, Carmichael A.R. Physical activity, risk of death and recurrence in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Acta Oncologica. 54:5, 635-654.

Lahart I.M, Metsios G.S, Nevill A.M, Carmichael A.R. Diet and Breast Cancer Prognosis: Making Sense of the WHEL and WINS Trials. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Feb; 21(1): 86-91.

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