CLINICAL TEACHING CLINICAL TEACHING METHODSMETHODS

DEFINITION• Clinical teaching is time limited

process where by the teacher and student create an established partnership with in a shared environment in such a way that the teacher’s primary, operational frame of reference is maintained as the legitimate means for affecting students behavior towards intended purpose.

Carr

PURPOSES Provide individualized care. Develop high technical

competence skills. Practice various procedures. Collect and analyze the data. Conduct research.

Maintain high standards of nursing practice.

Become independent enough to practice nursing.

Develop cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills.

Meet the needs of clients. Improve communication skill and

IPR. Develop various methods in

delivering care.

To learn diagnostic procedures and skills in giving HE.

Help in integration of theory into practice.

Develop proficiency in nursing procedures.

To assist physician. Learn managerial skills. To become professionally active

member.

GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF TEACHING METHODS

Must be appropriate to objectives and desired behavioral changes.

Must be in accordance with principles of learning.

Must be in accordance with the capacity of the student.

Must be in accordance with availability of resources.

Must be in accordance with the teacher’s ability to use it effectively and creatively.

CLINICAL TEACHING METHODS1. Client family centered method.2. Observation.3. Conferences. Clinical Individual Group staff

Nursing care conference. Team conference.4. Bedside clinic5. Nursing rounds6. Demonstration7. Ward teaching8. Ward class9. Ward clinic10. Case study/Case presentation

11. Discussion method12. Brain storming13. Process Recording14. Laboratory method15. Health talks16. Nursing Care study17. Assignments18. Exhibition19. Incidental teaching

19. Problem solving method20. Research projects21. Field trips

CLIENT FAMILY CENTERD APPROACH

OBSERVATION

GROUP CONFERENCES

PURPOSES To set objectives and criteria's for

nursing care. To plan methods for improving

care. To solve problems in good nursing

care. To evaluate the results of efforts. To create team building skills in

students and to express oneself assertively.

INDIVIDUAL CONFERENCES

TYPES Unplanned or incidental

conference Planned conference

PURPOSES1) To guide in teaching.2) To acquire more knowledge.3) To discover the interests, needs

and problems of individual students.

4) To help the students to help herself or himself.

5) To clarify class knowledge.

STAFF CONFERENCES

NURSING CARE CONFERENCE

PHASES

a) Opening phase.b) Working phase.c) Closing phase.

ADVANTAGES Help the student to collect

information in creative way. Provides real practical learning

environment to students. Fortifies the thinking of students.

TEAM CONFERENCE

BEDSIDE CLINICS

PURPOSESa. To provide learning experience.b. To improve the problem solving

ability.c. To help for nursing observation

in systematic way.d. To understand different

equipments used on patients.e. To prepare nursing care plan.

PHASES1. Introduction phase.2. Patient centered discussion.3. Post clinic evaluation.

ADVANTAGES It puts the student in an active

actual situation. Covers limited group of students. Develop qualities of observation

and decision taking. Ensures close contact with reality. Permits comparison between

reality and theory.

DISADVANTAGES• Sometimes put the patient in a

difficult situation.• Poor standardization.• Narrow limits of utilization.

NURSING ROUNDS

PURPOSES• Demonstrate symptoms

important in nursing care, clarifies terminology studied.

• Compare patients reaction to disease and disease condition.

• Demonstrate the effects of drugs.• Illustrates skillful nursing care.• Understands methods of meeting

nursing needs.

ADVANTAGES It develops students psychomotor

skills and inculcate proper attitude among them.

Promote team spirit and professionalism.

Motivated to learn more about nursing management of patients in the ward.

Discriminate patients risk categories.

DISADVANTAGES Require careful planning. Only applicable for small group of

students.

WARD TEACHING METHODS

PURPOSESTo supplement to intergrate and to

ulitises classroom instructionTo make the students to apply

correct scientific principles based on the nursing activity

To enable the student to gain a real understanding of different clinical situations

To inspire the students for self development

WARD CLASS

WARD CLINICS

CASE STUDY OR CASE PRESENTATION

FIELD TRIP

PURPOSETo provide real life situationsTo serve as a preview of a lessson and

for gathering instructional materialsTo varify previous information,class

discussion,and conclusion of individual experience

To serve as a mean to develop postive attitudes, values and special skills.

Pre-requisitesKnowledgeRapportObjectives Time and transportPreparation of the studentsSupervisionFollow up and evaluation

VALUES• Breaks monotony of classroom• Opportunity for learning attitudes

and positive values• Opportunity for learning and

acquring skills• Correlate school life with outside

world• Arouse interest and motivation

DISADVANTAGES• Time consuming• Careful planning is required• Transportation problem• Safety precautions are required• Observation difficulty for large

group

PROCESS RECORDING

DEFINITION• Process recording is an exact

written report of the conversation between the nurse and the patient during the time they were together

Hudson

uses As a teaching learning tool As an evaluation tool. As a therapeutic tool.

PHASES1) Preparing the student2) Recording nurse patient

interaction.3) Evaluating the interaction by

nurse, teacher and the student.

GUIDELINES Goals for working with assigned

patients should be written down before starting PR.

Note important factors in patients personality development.

Mention the therapies which the pt is getting

Date of PR should be mentioned. Time spent with patient should be

recorded. The setting and situation should be

written before conversation. Identify pts needs. After completion of PR students

should give a feedback. Evaluate the PR as a learning

experience at the end of adjustment.

NURSING CARE STUDY

DEFINITION• It is the blue print of nursing care

rendered by a nursing student to a selected pt,for a particular period by following nursing process approach with an intention to develop comprehensive nursing care abilities.