Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
dr karim
Citation preview
The Lymphatic System amp Lymphoid Organs and Tissues
AssocProf Dr Karim Al-Jashamy
MSUIMS 2010
IntroductionndashComponents
bull Lymph is the fluid
bull Vessels ndash lymphatics
bull Structures amp organs
ndash Functions
bull Return tissue fluid to the bloodstream
bull Transport fats from the digestive tract to the bloodstream
bull Surveillance amp defense
LymphaticsndashOriginate as lymph capillaries
ndashCapillaries unite to form larger vesselsbull Resemble veins in structure
bull Connect to lymph nodes at various intervals
ndash Lymphatics ultimately deliver lymph into 2 main channelsbull Right lymphatic duct
ndash Drains right side of head amp neck right arm right thorax
ndash Empties into the right subclavian vein
bull Thoracic ductndash Drains the rest of the body
ndash Empties into the left subclavian vein
Main Channels of Lymphatics
Lymphatic System Overview
bull 1048707 Consists of two semi-independent parts
bull 1048707 A network of lymphatic vessels
bull 1048707 Lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body
bull 1048707 Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma
proteins back to the blood
bull 1048707 Lymph ndash interstitial fluid once it has entered
bull lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic System Overview
Lymphatic Vessels
bull 1048707 One-way system lymph flows toward the heart
bull 1048707 Lymph vessels include
Microscopic permeable blind-ended capillaries
Lymphatic collecting vessels
Trunks and ducts
Lymphatic Capillaries
1048707 Similar to blood capillaries with modifications
1048707 Very permeable1048707 Loosely joined endothelial
minivalves1048707 Withstand interstitial pressure
and remain open1048707 The minivalves function as one-
way gates that
Allow interstitial fluid to enter lymph capillaries
Do not allow lymph to escape from the capillaries
Lymphatic CapillariesDuring inflammation lymph
capillaries can
absorb
1048707 Cell debris
1048707 Pathogens
1048707 Cancer cells
1048707 Cells in the lymph nodes cleanse and ldquoexaminerdquo
this debris Lacteals ndash specialized lymph capillaries present in
intestinal mucosa Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to blood of the partial blood vessels
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
IntroductionndashComponents
bull Lymph is the fluid
bull Vessels ndash lymphatics
bull Structures amp organs
ndash Functions
bull Return tissue fluid to the bloodstream
bull Transport fats from the digestive tract to the bloodstream
bull Surveillance amp defense
LymphaticsndashOriginate as lymph capillaries
ndashCapillaries unite to form larger vesselsbull Resemble veins in structure
bull Connect to lymph nodes at various intervals
ndash Lymphatics ultimately deliver lymph into 2 main channelsbull Right lymphatic duct
ndash Drains right side of head amp neck right arm right thorax
ndash Empties into the right subclavian vein
bull Thoracic ductndash Drains the rest of the body
ndash Empties into the left subclavian vein
Main Channels of Lymphatics
Lymphatic System Overview
bull 1048707 Consists of two semi-independent parts
bull 1048707 A network of lymphatic vessels
bull 1048707 Lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body
bull 1048707 Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma
proteins back to the blood
bull 1048707 Lymph ndash interstitial fluid once it has entered
bull lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic System Overview
Lymphatic Vessels
bull 1048707 One-way system lymph flows toward the heart
bull 1048707 Lymph vessels include
Microscopic permeable blind-ended capillaries
Lymphatic collecting vessels
Trunks and ducts
Lymphatic Capillaries
1048707 Similar to blood capillaries with modifications
1048707 Very permeable1048707 Loosely joined endothelial
minivalves1048707 Withstand interstitial pressure
and remain open1048707 The minivalves function as one-
way gates that
Allow interstitial fluid to enter lymph capillaries
Do not allow lymph to escape from the capillaries
Lymphatic CapillariesDuring inflammation lymph
capillaries can
absorb
1048707 Cell debris
1048707 Pathogens
1048707 Cancer cells
1048707 Cells in the lymph nodes cleanse and ldquoexaminerdquo
this debris Lacteals ndash specialized lymph capillaries present in
intestinal mucosa Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to blood of the partial blood vessels
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
LymphaticsndashOriginate as lymph capillaries
ndashCapillaries unite to form larger vesselsbull Resemble veins in structure
bull Connect to lymph nodes at various intervals
ndash Lymphatics ultimately deliver lymph into 2 main channelsbull Right lymphatic duct
ndash Drains right side of head amp neck right arm right thorax
ndash Empties into the right subclavian vein
bull Thoracic ductndash Drains the rest of the body
ndash Empties into the left subclavian vein
Main Channels of Lymphatics
Lymphatic System Overview
bull 1048707 Consists of two semi-independent parts
bull 1048707 A network of lymphatic vessels
bull 1048707 Lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body
bull 1048707 Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma
proteins back to the blood
bull 1048707 Lymph ndash interstitial fluid once it has entered
bull lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic System Overview
Lymphatic Vessels
bull 1048707 One-way system lymph flows toward the heart
bull 1048707 Lymph vessels include
Microscopic permeable blind-ended capillaries
Lymphatic collecting vessels
Trunks and ducts
Lymphatic Capillaries
1048707 Similar to blood capillaries with modifications
1048707 Very permeable1048707 Loosely joined endothelial
minivalves1048707 Withstand interstitial pressure
and remain open1048707 The minivalves function as one-
way gates that
Allow interstitial fluid to enter lymph capillaries
Do not allow lymph to escape from the capillaries
Lymphatic CapillariesDuring inflammation lymph
capillaries can
absorb
1048707 Cell debris
1048707 Pathogens
1048707 Cancer cells
1048707 Cells in the lymph nodes cleanse and ldquoexaminerdquo
this debris Lacteals ndash specialized lymph capillaries present in
intestinal mucosa Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to blood of the partial blood vessels
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Main Channels of Lymphatics
Lymphatic System Overview
bull 1048707 Consists of two semi-independent parts
bull 1048707 A network of lymphatic vessels
bull 1048707 Lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body
bull 1048707 Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma
proteins back to the blood
bull 1048707 Lymph ndash interstitial fluid once it has entered
bull lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic System Overview
Lymphatic Vessels
bull 1048707 One-way system lymph flows toward the heart
bull 1048707 Lymph vessels include
Microscopic permeable blind-ended capillaries
Lymphatic collecting vessels
Trunks and ducts
Lymphatic Capillaries
1048707 Similar to blood capillaries with modifications
1048707 Very permeable1048707 Loosely joined endothelial
minivalves1048707 Withstand interstitial pressure
and remain open1048707 The minivalves function as one-
way gates that
Allow interstitial fluid to enter lymph capillaries
Do not allow lymph to escape from the capillaries
Lymphatic CapillariesDuring inflammation lymph
capillaries can
absorb
1048707 Cell debris
1048707 Pathogens
1048707 Cancer cells
1048707 Cells in the lymph nodes cleanse and ldquoexaminerdquo
this debris Lacteals ndash specialized lymph capillaries present in
intestinal mucosa Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to blood of the partial blood vessels
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphatic System Overview
bull 1048707 Consists of two semi-independent parts
bull 1048707 A network of lymphatic vessels
bull 1048707 Lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body
bull 1048707 Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma
proteins back to the blood
bull 1048707 Lymph ndash interstitial fluid once it has entered
bull lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic System Overview
Lymphatic Vessels
bull 1048707 One-way system lymph flows toward the heart
bull 1048707 Lymph vessels include
Microscopic permeable blind-ended capillaries
Lymphatic collecting vessels
Trunks and ducts
Lymphatic Capillaries
1048707 Similar to blood capillaries with modifications
1048707 Very permeable1048707 Loosely joined endothelial
minivalves1048707 Withstand interstitial pressure
and remain open1048707 The minivalves function as one-
way gates that
Allow interstitial fluid to enter lymph capillaries
Do not allow lymph to escape from the capillaries
Lymphatic CapillariesDuring inflammation lymph
capillaries can
absorb
1048707 Cell debris
1048707 Pathogens
1048707 Cancer cells
1048707 Cells in the lymph nodes cleanse and ldquoexaminerdquo
this debris Lacteals ndash specialized lymph capillaries present in
intestinal mucosa Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to blood of the partial blood vessels
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphatic System Overview
Lymphatic Vessels
bull 1048707 One-way system lymph flows toward the heart
bull 1048707 Lymph vessels include
Microscopic permeable blind-ended capillaries
Lymphatic collecting vessels
Trunks and ducts
Lymphatic Capillaries
1048707 Similar to blood capillaries with modifications
1048707 Very permeable1048707 Loosely joined endothelial
minivalves1048707 Withstand interstitial pressure
and remain open1048707 The minivalves function as one-
way gates that
Allow interstitial fluid to enter lymph capillaries
Do not allow lymph to escape from the capillaries
Lymphatic CapillariesDuring inflammation lymph
capillaries can
absorb
1048707 Cell debris
1048707 Pathogens
1048707 Cancer cells
1048707 Cells in the lymph nodes cleanse and ldquoexaminerdquo
this debris Lacteals ndash specialized lymph capillaries present in
intestinal mucosa Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to blood of the partial blood vessels
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphatic Vessels
bull 1048707 One-way system lymph flows toward the heart
bull 1048707 Lymph vessels include
Microscopic permeable blind-ended capillaries
Lymphatic collecting vessels
Trunks and ducts
Lymphatic Capillaries
1048707 Similar to blood capillaries with modifications
1048707 Very permeable1048707 Loosely joined endothelial
minivalves1048707 Withstand interstitial pressure
and remain open1048707 The minivalves function as one-
way gates that
Allow interstitial fluid to enter lymph capillaries
Do not allow lymph to escape from the capillaries
Lymphatic CapillariesDuring inflammation lymph
capillaries can
absorb
1048707 Cell debris
1048707 Pathogens
1048707 Cancer cells
1048707 Cells in the lymph nodes cleanse and ldquoexaminerdquo
this debris Lacteals ndash specialized lymph capillaries present in
intestinal mucosa Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to blood of the partial blood vessels
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphatic Capillaries
1048707 Similar to blood capillaries with modifications
1048707 Very permeable1048707 Loosely joined endothelial
minivalves1048707 Withstand interstitial pressure
and remain open1048707 The minivalves function as one-
way gates that
Allow interstitial fluid to enter lymph capillaries
Do not allow lymph to escape from the capillaries
Lymphatic CapillariesDuring inflammation lymph
capillaries can
absorb
1048707 Cell debris
1048707 Pathogens
1048707 Cancer cells
1048707 Cells in the lymph nodes cleanse and ldquoexaminerdquo
this debris Lacteals ndash specialized lymph capillaries present in
intestinal mucosa Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to blood of the partial blood vessels
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphatic CapillariesDuring inflammation lymph
capillaries can
absorb
1048707 Cell debris
1048707 Pathogens
1048707 Cancer cells
1048707 Cells in the lymph nodes cleanse and ldquoexaminerdquo
this debris Lacteals ndash specialized lymph capillaries present in
intestinal mucosa Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to blood of the partial blood vessels
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Have the same three tunics as veins
1048707 Have thinner walls with more internal valves
1048707 Anastomose more frequently1048707 Collecting vessels in the skin
travel withsuperficial veins1048707 Deep vessels travel with
arteries1048707 Nutrients are supplied from
branching vasa vasorum
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphatic Trunks
1048707 Lymphatic trunks are formed by the union of the
largest collecting ducts
1048707 Major trunks include
1048707 Paired lumbar bronchomediastinal subclavian and jugular trunks
1048707 A single intestinal trunk
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymph is delivered into one of two large trunks
1048707 Right lymphatic duct ndash drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax
1048707 Thoracic duct ndash arises from the cisterna chyliand drains the rest of the body
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymph Transport
1048707 The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
1048707 Vessels are low-pressure conduits
1048707 Uses the same methods as veins to propel lymph
Pulsations of nearby arteries
Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphoid Cells
Lymphocytes are the main cells involved in the
immune response
1048707 Two main varieties
1048707 T cells
1048707 B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against
Antigens
1048707 Antigen ndash anything the body perceives as foreign
1048707 Bacteria and their toxins viruses
1048707 Mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
LymphocytesT cells1048707 Manage the immune
response1048707 Attack and destroy foreign
cellsB cells1048707 Produce plasma cells which secrete antibodies1048707 Antibodies immobilize
antigens
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Other Lymphoid Cells
Macrophages ndash phagocytes foreign substances and help activate T cell
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Dendritic cells ndash spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
Reticular cells ndash fibroblastndashlike cells that produce a stroma or network that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs
