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Overview of Overview of Developmental Developmental Disabilities Disabilities TPS Core TPS Core Competency Competency Training Training

Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

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Page 1: Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

Overview of Developmental Overview of Developmental DisabilitiesDisabilities

TPS Core TPS Core CompetencyCompetency

TrainingTraining

Page 2: Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

DefinitionDefinition

• Developmental Disability means a severe, chronic disability caused by mental or physical impairment (or combination) appearing before age 22. The disability is likely to continue indefinitely and causes “substantial functional limitation” in at least 3 of the following life activities:

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DefinitionDefinition

Self-care Receptive

and expressive language

Independent Living

Learning Mobility Self-

direction Economic

self-sufficiency

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DefinitionDefinition

• People with a developmental disability, as defined by N.C., “need a combination and sequence of special interdisciplinary, or generic care, treatment, or other services” that last a long time (or a lifetime) and are planned just for the person.

Page 5: Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

DefinitionDefinition

• In addition, the state of N.C. includes persons with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) if the resulting disability is significant enough.

• In other words, if someone older than 21 has a head injury resulting in disabilities substantial enough to qualify, that person is eligible to receive services from the DD service system.

Page 6: Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

Types of developmental Types of developmental disabilitiesdisabilities

• Mental Retardation

• Cerebral Palsy• Genetic

syndromes (like Downs)

• Autism• Epilepsy• Rhett’s disorder

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CausesCauses

Causes of developmental disabilities can be grouped

into three categories, as happening:

Before Birth During Birth or, After Birth

Page 8: Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

Causes - Before BirthCauses - Before Birth

Illness General health of the motherMaternal smoking, drinking, or

drug useGeneticsToxic chemicals Individual chromosome problems

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Causes - During BirthCauses - During Birth

Lack of oxygenLow birth weightPremature birthDifficult deliveries

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Causes - After BirthCauses - After Birth

AccidentsLead, or other, chemical

poisoningPoor nutrition

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Causes - continuedCauses - continued

* Sometimes the cause of a developmental disability is not known.

* Developmental disabilities can happen in any family.

* No one exactly fits any one type of disability, and some people fit into more than one.

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People with Mental People with Mental RetardationRetardation

learn more slowly have difficulty remembering

what’s been learned have difficulty taking what’s

been learned in one place to new or different settings

think in more concrete ways continue to learn/develop all

through life

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Levels of Mental Levels of Mental RetardationRetardation

•Mild•Moderate•Severe•Profound

• Different levels mean different types of assistance needed

• MR is not mental illness

• But some people do have MR and MI

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Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy

• Injury to the part of the brain that controls physical movement

• Can happen before, during, or after birth

• Is not a disease• Often results in awkward

movements, poor balance, and/or unusual walk and speech

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AutismAutism

The causes of autism are not understood, some studies show it may be genetic.

People with autism have a hard time making friends, communicating, and accepting changes.

Some people with autism also have mental retardation and/or mental illness.

Page 16: Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

EpilepsyEpilepsy

Occurs when there is a change in how the electrical system in the brain works.

These changes are called seizures. Any brain irritation can cause a seizure, but for most people who have had a seizure (2/3), only one will occur throughout life.

Recurring seizures define the condition called epilepsy.

Page 17: Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

EpilepsyEpilepsy

Some people with mental retardation, cerebral palsy, or autism may also have epilepsy.

Seizures have many forms - altered consciousness, confusion, sensations of smell, taste, or vision.

Convulsions can be scary, caused by strong jerking/spasms of muscles.

Page 18: Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

Remember...Remember...We are hired to assist people to be -

Independent... to choose and do what they wish, with whomever, wherever they wish.

Productive...as a worker, citizen, partner. Included...in work, social, political,

religious and family networks. Integrated...into the regular fabric of life. -no matter the type or extent of

disability.

Page 19: Overview Of Developmentally Disabled

Move on to Defensive DrivingMove on to Defensive Driving

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