Upload
michael-atif
View
188
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Brainstem
The Brainstem: Midbrain
The Brainstem: Pons
sleep and respiratory centers.
The Brainstem: Medulla oblongata
Contains centers for:
1.Regulating heart rate
2.Blood vessel diameter
3.Coughing, sneezing
4.Breathing
1. Swallowing
2. Vomiting
CerebellumCerebellum
Functions – of the CerebellumFunctions – of the Cerebellum
The maintenance of:
1. Posture and balance
2. Muscle tone
3. Coordination of voluntary motor activity
Cerebellar nucleiCerebellar nuclei
Is characterized by
1.Hypotonia
2.Disequilibrium
Cerebellar DysfunctionCerebellar Dysfunction
Cerebellar DysfunctionCerebellar Dysfunction
Hypotonia Hypotonia
Cerebellar ataxia
They assist in the regulation of the voluntary movement and learning of motor skills
They are masses of grey matter deeply placed within the cerebrumThey include:1.Caudate nucleus2.Globus pallidus Lentiform Corpus3.Putamen Nucleus Striatum 4.Amygdaloid nucleus5.Claustrum
LIMBIC SYSTEMLIMBIC SYSTEM
FunctionsFunctions ““Emotional brainEmotional brain
Associated with memoryAssociated with memory
Associated with pain/pleasure, rageAssociated with pain/pleasure, rage
DiencephalonDiencephalon
DiencephalonDiencephalon Lies on top of the brain stem Made of the following parts
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus Metathalamus
DiencephalonDiencephalon
ThalamusThalamus
The relay station for sensory impulses, except the olfactory nerve
Hypothalamus
Major control center of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system.
Centers associated with:
* Food/H2O intake* Thermoregulation* Cardiovascular regulation* Hormone secretion* Sleep/waking* Emotional behavior
EpithalamusEpithalamus
Forms the roof of the third ventricle
Houses the pineal body which secretes melatonin hormone (biological clock)
Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes.
Cerebrum Cerebrum
Cerebellum
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
Longitudinal Fissure
Transverse Fissure
Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
Central Sulcus
http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg http://www.dalbsoutss.eq.edu.au/Sheepbrains_Me/human_brain.gif
Specific Sulci/Fissures:
Lobes of the Brain (4)
• Frontal• Parietal• Occipital• Temporal
* Note: Occasionally, the Insula is considered the fifth lobe. It is located deep to the Temporal Lobe.
http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Frontal Lobe - Cortical Regions• Primary Motor Cortex (Precentral Gyrus)
• Broca’s Area – is the motor speech area. Located on Left Frontal Lobe.
Broca’s Area
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Regions
Investigation (Phineas Gage)
Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe
It plays a major role in integration of sensation(s)
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Parietal Lobe - Cortical Regions
• Primary Sensory Cortex (Postcentral Gyrus).
• Primary Gustatory Cortex
Primary Gustatory Cortex
Regions
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe
• Its primary function is interpretation of VISION
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Occipital Lobe – Cortical Regions
• Primary Visual Cortex
Primary Visual Cortex
RegionsModified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes of the Brain – Temporal Lobe
• They play an integral role in the following functions:
- Hearing
- Memory
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Temporal Lobe – Cortical Regions
• Wernicke’s Area – sensory speech area. Located on the Left Temporal Lobe.
Wernike’s Area
RegionsModified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Click the Region to see its Name
Korbinian Broadmann - Learn about the man who divided the Cerebral Cortex into 52 distinct regions: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Brodmann
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes and Structures of the Brain
B. A.
C.
D. E.
F.
G.
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
A: Primary Motor Cortex
* This graphic representation of the regions of the Primary Motor Cortex and Primary Sensory Cortex is one example of a HOMUNCULUS:
Homunculus