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Advantages and Shortcomings ofAdvantages and Shortcomings ofCurrent Mechanical Thrombectomy Current Mechanical Thrombectomy
Devices in DVTDevices in DVT
Mahmood K. Razavi, MDMahmood K. Razavi, MD
Director, Clinical Trials & ResearchDirector, Clinical Trials & Research
Vascular & Interventional Specialists Vascular & Interventional Specialists
of Orange Countyof Orange County
Disclosures Disclosures
Scientific Advisory Board– 480 Biomedical, Abbott Vascular, Bard, Boston
Scientific, Covidien, EmboMedix, Javlin, Mercator, Neuravi, Reflow Medical, Trivascular, Veneti, Walk Vascular
Consultant– Cordis
Grants– NIH, WL Gore
Mechanical Thrombectomy DevicesMechanical Thrombectomy Devices
29 different devices have been used (& growing)
Eleven are FDA cleared for use in the U.S. (general thrombectomy indication)
Only few actively marketed
Mechanisms of ActionMechanisms of Action
Pure mechanical mechanism– Aspiration– Disruption/maceration– Re-circulation– Energy assisted (RF, laser, US)
Lytic assisted– Pharmaco-mechanical
Partial List of PMT DevicesPartial List of PMT Devices
Angiojet DVX/ AVX Xpeedior
Hydrolyzer Helix/X-Sizer/Brush Oasis Trerotola Device
Resolution 360 wire Akonya Eliminator Aspirex/Rotarex Thrombex PMT ProLumen Rinspirator Cleaner
Lytic Assisted DevicesLytic Assisted Devices
Trellis-8 and Trellis-6– Pharmacomechanical lysis
Ekos Lysus system– Ultrasound accelerated lysis
Angiojet + lytics– Power pulse
AdvantagesAdvantages
Speed up lysis Potential for single session treatment Reduced dose of lytics May be used in pts with contraindication to
thrombolytic drugs
67 yo F with 5 day hx of LLE edema and pain who is 7 days s/p spinal fusion. US revealed extensive ilio-femoral DVT. IVC filter was requested.
Retrievable IVC filter placed Symptoms worsened over the next 2 days
3 months later pt returned3 months later pt returnedfor IVC filter removal.for IVC filter removal.Sx had improved substantiallySx had improved substantiallybut some residual ankle edemabut some residual ankle edemapersistedpersisted..
Limitations Limitations
Paucity of data– Prove efficacy– Comparative analysis– Long term safety
Largely ineffective as stand alone techniques– Best results when used in combination with
lytics Device-dependent increased risk of PE
Courtesy:Nick Yee MDCourtesy:Nick Yee MD
Efficacy of CDT in Acute DVTEfficacy of CDT in Acute DVT
80% of clot removed in 80% of patients
Stand Alone PMT in DVTStand Alone PMT in DVT
Results of stand alone therapy in proximal DVT disappointing– 4/17 pts had >90% & 6/17 had 50%-90% clot
removal (10/17 >50% clot clearance)*– 9 pt received additional CDT
Most studies report results of combination tx– Drug during PMT– Debulk prior to CDT or clean up after
* Kasirajan K. et al. JVIR 2001;12
54 yo female with breast cancer and swollen Rt. arm54 yo female with breast cancer and swollen Rt. arm
Complete occlusion of right Complete occlusion of right axillary and subclavian veinaxillary and subclavian vein
Following 24 hours Urokinase treatmentFollowing 24 hours Urokinase treatment
15 minutes angiojet thrombolysis15 minutes angiojet thrombolysis
PMT in DVTPMT in DVT
Aspiration thrombectomy in acute IF DVT N= 27 Success= restoration of flow without residual
obstruction Aspiration only 24
– UK infusion 3 Successful recanalization 24/27
– Adjunctive stents 22
Kwon SH, et al Clin Radiol 2009Kwon SH, et al Clin Radiol 2009
40 year old male, 10 days post heart-lung transplant40 year old male, 10 days post heart-lung transplant
Swollen Swollen face,face,
distended distended neck neck veinsveins
Complete occlusion of Superior Vena Cava Complete occlusion of Superior Vena Cava
800 cc angiojet exchange and Palmaz 308 stent800 cc angiojet exchange and Palmaz 308 stent
Relief of venous distensionRelief of venous distension
PMT + CDT versus CDTPMT + CDT versus CDT
Retrospective analysis of 40 consecutive limbs (36 pts) with UE or LE DVT
CDT+ rheolytic PMT CDT alone P-valueLimbs (patients) 27 (21) 40 (36)
Tx duration (hrs) 26.3 ± 16.6 48 ± 27 0.0004
Mean UK dose (U) 2.7 ± 1.8 M 5.6 ± 5.3 M 0.008
Complete lysis 73% 82%
Kim HS et al Cardiovasc Interv Radiol 2006;29:1003-7Kim HS et al Cardiovasc Interv Radiol 2006;29:1003-7
Pharmacomechanical vs. CDTPharmacomechanical vs. CDT Retrospective review of pts with LE DVT over 8
yrs
Lin PH et al Am J Surg 2006;192:782-788Lin PH et al Am J Surg 2006;192:782-788
Rheolytic + lytics CDT P-valueLimbs (patients) 52 (49) 46 (44)
Complete success 75% 70% ns
Sx improved 24 hr 81% 72% ns
Adjuvant stents 82% 78% ns
Mean ICU stay 0.6 ± 0.3 d 2.4 ± 1.2 d < 0.04
Bleed 4% 6% ns
Transfusion 0.2 ± 0.3 1.2 ± 0.7 < 0.05
Total costs $47,742 ± $19,247 $85,301 ± 24,832 < 0.01
EKOS Study Results: EfficacyEKOS Study Results: Efficacy
Parikh S. et al JVIR 2008; 19
Registry DemographicsRegistry Demographics Number of Patients 147
Age 51 ± 18 years
Gender– Men 68 (46%)– Women 70 (48%)– Not Reported 9 (6%)
Clinical Presentation Average DaysOnset of DVT
– Acute (<14 days) 33 (22%) 8– Acute on Chronic (<14 days; prior Hx DVT) 63 (43%) 19*– SubAcute (14 to 28 days) 19 (13%) 21– SubAcute on Chronic (14 – 28 days; prior Hx DVT) 14 (10%) 19– Chronic (> 28 days) 18 (12%) 67
* Average > 14 days due to occasional reporting of days since onset of original DVT episode that resulted in chronic part of acute-on-chronic
Reported Degree of Clot Clearance with Trellis
Hilleman DE JVIR 2008; 19
ConclusionConclusion
Role of mechanical thrombectomy devices as the “stand alone” mode of therapy in treatment of DVT is limited at this time
Combination of thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy can reduce the treatment time & possibly the bleeding complications of thrombolysis