“THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L) LEAVES IN

LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF THE WHITE MICE”

A Research Proposal

Presented to

Rolando S. Delgado

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Research of

The Grade 9 STE

By

RICA FE P. RIEGO

“THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L) LEAVES IN

LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF THE WHITE MICE”

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Diabetes mellitus is defined as 'a metabolic disorder of

multiple aetiology characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia with

disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism

resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or

bot’. In simpler terms, diabetes is a condition where the body

does not produce enough insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by

the pancreas that helps glucose (the main source of fuel for the

body) move from the blood into the cells. In diabetics, the cells

cannot use the glucose and this causes the blood glucose level to

rise.(WHO October 2013)

There are three main types of diabetes – type 1 diabetes

(known also as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus); type 2

diabetes (known also as non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus);

and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Type 1 diabetes is predominantly a childhood disease and is

more common in developed countries. It is also known as 'juvenile

onset' diabetes. Management principally involves the injection of

insulin into the body, as the cells of the pancreas cannot

produce enough insulin. The onset of type 1 diabetes is rapid and

includes symptoms of increased thirst and hunger, excessive

urination, dramatic weight loss, and overwhelming tiredness.

There is also a range of minor symptoms.

Type 2 diabetes on the other-hand, is a 'late onset'

diabetes, and develops more commonly in people over 40 years of

age. It is primarily managed through diet and exercise.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes are not usually dependent on

insulin injections. This is because impaired insulin secretion

and cell resistance to insulin cause the condition – it is not

caused by insulin shortage. Type 2 diabetes is often the result

of an individual being overweight for many years. This leads to

cells becoming insulin-resistant, as a result of increased levels

of sugar being stored as fat and processed. The disease can go

undetected for a number of years, during which time mild symptoms

develop – these may become life-threatening.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is less common than the other

two forms. It is first diagnosed during pregnancy, and is primarily a

temporary intolerance to carbohydrate, which returns to normal after

the birth. More than 40% of women with GDM develop type 1 or type 2

diabetes in the following 10 years. As well as having a greater risk

of birth defects, babies of women with GDM are more likely to develop

obesity and impaired glucose intolerance and/or diabetes in later

life. Diabetic women who become pregnant are not included in this

category. (Christian Nordqvist in April 2010)

Other types of diabetes include those associated with

certain conditions or syndromes, such as malnutrition-related

diabetes mellitus, pancreatic disease, diseases of hormonal

aetiology, drug-induced or chemical-induced conditions,

abnormalities of insulin or its receptors, genetic, and

miscellaneous condition.

The duration of diabetes is associated with the progressive

development of all complications. Complications can become life-

threatening, in which case surgery may be necessary (for example,

kidney transplantation and lower limb amputations). People with

diabetes who develop complications of the disease are at

increased risk of premature death.(Rother KI April 2007)

Diabetes affects almost every system in the body – due to

the metabolic nature of the disease. As a result of the

development of complications, people with type 2 diabetes have

higher hospitalisation and health service use than the general

population – for treatment of infections, amputations, kidney

dialysis and transplants, laser therapy for retinopathy, and

other specialist care. Premature death is the most serious result

of diabetes, usually caused by one or more of the associated

complications. (Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.)

Obesity is one of the main causes of diabetes. Obesity can

cause elevated blood sugar level, reduce insulin B cell function,

and lead to type diabetes. Long-term excessive intakes of

sweets, high fat food, fine produces can induce diabetes.

Prolonged mental stress and high-stress conditions will induce

diabetes. Medication will gradually cause diabetes. Pregnancy can

cause diabetes because placenta can produce insulin enzyme, which

accelerates the degradation of insulin. Stress state if the

glucose does not return to normal level after this stress,

patient is highly likely to suffer from diabetes. Autoimmune

decline Virus may destroy pancreatic B cells, destroying the

pancreatic function, and thus suffer from the diabetes. Many

things affect your risk for type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and

stroke.

The symptoms of diabetes mainly include increased water

drinking and eating, frequent urination, weight loss, etc, with

complications of kidney disease and stomach disease, etc. Knowing

the main symptoms of diabetes, having early diagnosis and

treatment can improve patient’s recovery rate.   Medications for

diabetes are expensive. Because of this, poor people who are

diabetic most often die from this disease. For this reason

several researchers conducted on plants that could help reduce

the level of blood sugar in the body. Common to this plants is

that their acrid taste and this leads the researchers to conclude

that plants (leaves, fruits, flowers) with acrid taste can help

cure diabetes.

One of the most gregarious of fruit trees, the

guava, (Psidium guajava L)., of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), is

almost universally known by its common English name or its

equivalent in other languages. In Spanish, the tree is guayabo,

or guayavo, the fruit guayaba or guyava. The French call

it goyave or goyavier; the Dutch,guyaba, goeajaaba; the

Surinamese, guave or goejaba; Portuguese, goiaba or goaibeira. Ha

waiians call it guava or kuawa. In Guam it is abas. In Malaya, it

is generally known either as guava or jambu batu, but has also

numerous dialectal names as it does in India, tropical Africa and

the Philippines where the corruption, bayabas, is often applied.

Various tribal names–pichi, posh, enandi, etc.–are employed among

the Indians of Mexico and Central and South America. A small tree

to 33 ft (10 in) high, with spreading branches, the guava is easy

to recognize because of its smooth, thin, copper-colored bark

that flakes off, showing the greenish layer beneath; and also

because of the attractive, "bony" aspect of its trunk which may

in time attain a diameter of 10 in (25 cm). Young twigs are

quadrangular and downy. The leaves, aromatic when crushed, are

evergreen, opposite, short-petiole, oval or oblong-elliptic,

somewhat irregular in outline; 2 3/4 to 6 in (7-15 cm) long, I 'A

to 2 in (3-5 cm) wide, leathery, with conspicuous parallel veins,

and more or less downy on the underside. Faintly fragrant, the

white flowers, borne singly or in small clusters in the leaf

axils, are 1 in (2.5 cm) wide, with 4 or 5 white petals which are

quickly shed, and a prominent tuft of perhaps 250 white stamens

tipped with pale-yellow anthers.

Guava is a tropical fruit produced by the guava tree. Large

quantities of the guava fruit are produced in Brazil, Colombia,

Venezuela, and Mexico. The fruit is commonly eaten fresh or made

into beverages, jams, and other foods. The fruit, leaves, and

juice are also used as medicine. (United States Department of

Agriculture Retrieved 2011-02-05)

Many problems in this society really needed a treatment.

Each Disease has a treatment. But the problem was, not all the

people could afford those treatment. That is why many people use

herbal plants as a medicine. Since guava is abundant anywhere in

the Philippines, it could be an affordable, environmentally-

friendly and safe cure for diabetes.

Statement of The Problem

This study aims to find out if guava (Psidium guajava L.)

leaves extract can be used in lowering blood sugar level.

Specific Question

1. What is the amount of guava leaves extract which could lower

the blood sugar level of the white mice after 2 weeks of

intervention?

2. What is the decrease in the amount of blood sugar level of

white mice after 2 weeks of intervention?

3. What is its mortality rate of blood sugar level after the

intervention with the use of guava (Psidium guajava

L.)leaves extract?

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in decrease in the amount

of blood sugar level of the white mice.

Significance of the Study

With this study,, people who may benefit are obese

individual, manufacturers/enterprenuers, future researchers,

whole community in general.

People who suffer from high blood sugar can spent lesser

amount on buying medicine because they can found an abundant

supply for their treatment, because guava can be seen commonly in

their backyard.

Manufacturers/entrepreneurs can make this effective product

be available in the market and can gain money from it.This is

more cheaper but effective than those of the advertisement.

Future Researchers may take this study as their take off for

further investigation regarding Guava (Psidium guajava)leaf as an

effective medicine in lowering the blood sugar level of the white

mice (Mus musculus).

And to all people, whole country in general may use this as

alternative medicine in their daily lives.

Scope and Limitation

This study is only limited to determine the effectiveness of

the Guava (Psidium Guajava ) leaf extract in lowering the blood

sugar of white mice ( Mus Musculus).The independent variable is

the Guava leaf extract and the dependent variable is the effect

of Guava leaf extract to the white mice. The Guava leaf extract

is in the variety of Psidium Guajava while the white mice are the

Mus musculus.

This study will be conducted on year 2015 at Riego’s

residence, Barangay Dawis Sur, Zarraga, Iloilo.

Conceptual Framework

Guava leaves have a history of use by indigenous people for

traditional medicines. But how many of us know about the guava

leaves and its wonders. Guava leaves are a rich source of

antioxidants. Antioxidants protect your cells by scavenging free

radicals, substances that can damage them. (Pearl’s page October

2012). It’s an excellent mouth freshener and can readily replace

any toothpaste or other cosmetic tooth remedy. Guava leaves

concoction is an effective remedy for diarrhea.

According to the India research, the guava leaves have a

wide spread use as a liver and jaundice remedy. Remedy has proved

the liver protective properties of the guava leave extract, thus

it can be consumed as a liver tonic.

According to Japanese guava contains tannin which is also

present to the commercial one.

Paradigm

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Figure 1. The illustration shows the research variable. The

independent variable is the Guava (Psidium Guajava)leaf extract.

The effect of Guava (Psidium Guajava)leaf extract to the Blood

Sugar is the dependent variable.

Definition of terms

Guava (Psidium Guajava)

Blood Sugar

Leaf

extract

Effectiveness- This means adapting to produce an effect.

( Webster’s Dictionary); Effectiveness is the capability of

producing a desired result. When something is deemed effective,

it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a

deep, vivid impression.( Dictionary.com)

Guavas (singular guava, / ̍ ɡ w ɑː . v ə / ) are plants in the

Myrtle family(Myrtaceae) genus Psidium, They are native

to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America ; a

shrubby tree (P. guajava) widely cultivated for its sweet acid

yellow or pink fruit the roundish to pear-shaped fruit of a

guava.( Restrepo, Cecilia (October 2007). 

 Extract- is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw

material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol or water

;to remove (something) by pulling it out or cutting it out.

( Merriam.com)

Diabetes mellitus (DM)- This refers to a set of related disease

in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar in the

blood (Modern Guide to Health 1971).

White mice- Small rodents and like all rodents they possess

gnawing teeth and measure around 6 to 8 inches from the tip of

nose to the tip of the tail, and weigh approximately 15 to 25 g

(i.e. less than 1 oz.) (World Encyclopedia, 2012)

“THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA(Psidiumguajava L)LEAVES EXTRACT IN

LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF THE WHITE MICE”

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

The Philippines is rich in mineral resources, especially in

plant life. Since the ancient times, these plants have supported

the people as a source of food, of building materials, for their

homes and as medicines. In fact the country is so rich in

medicinal plants that several books on medical plants have

already been published in the country. This also led to the

production of natural food supplements and drugs using the

identified medicinal plants as the major component.

While this study is an attempt to identify another medicinal

plant source which is abundant to the country, the guava.

Related studies

Pulp and peel fractions were tested, and both showed high

content of dietary fiber (48.55−49.42%) and extractable

polyphenols (2.62−7.79%). The antioxidant activity of polyphenol

compounds was studied, using three complementary methods: free

radical DPPH• scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay

(FRAP), and (iii) inhibition of copper-catalyzed in vitro human

low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. All fractions tested

showed a remarkable antioxidant capacity, and this activity was

correlated with the corresponding total phenol content.

(International Journal of Microbiology Volume 2013 ).

Study shows that, Guavas contain four times the Vitamin C

content present in oranges. Vitamin C helps in improving your

immunity and thus keeps your body healthy and protects it from

pathogens that cause infections. Improves your hormonal

function.Copper, present in guava, helps in the production and

absorption of hormones. This property helps in improving the

function of your endocrine system especially thyroid glands which

is responsible for the way in which you metabolize food, use

energy, etc. Lowers risk of cancer. Being diagnosed with cancer

can be a person’s worst nightmare. Being rich in Vitamin C and

antioxidants like lycopene, eating guavas can protect your cells

from damage and reduce your chances of getting cancer.

Additionally, Vitamin C boosts your immunity which is critical in

fighting cancer cells. Has anti-ageing properties for your skin.

Guavas are rich in Vitamin C, Vitamin A and antioxidants like

lycopene and carotene which protect  your skin from wrinkles and

fine lines, thus making you look younger. Old-age is a certainty

in everyone’s life, and eating a guava every day can atleast

prolong the process.

Helps treat constipation. Constipation is caused when food

is stuck in our colon. Guava, is rich in fiber which helps in

clearing the blocked pathway and thus curing your

constipation.Helps improve vision, even though, guavas are not as

rich in Vitamin A as carrots, they still are still a very good

source of the nutrient. Vitamin A helps keep your eyes in good

condition, and also helps improve your vision. Night blindness is

one of the diseases associated with a Vitamin A deficiency.

Good for pregnant mothers, Guavas contain Folic acid, or

Vitamin B-9, which is recommended for pregnant mothers since it

can help in developing the baby’s nervous system and protect the

newborn from neurological disorders. Helps you relax. Magnesium

present in guavas helps in relaxing your nerves and muscles. In

today’s stressful times, consuming a guava to combat stress and

relax is certainly a good idea.

Good for your brain. Brain is one of the major organs of our

body, and keeping it healthy should be on our priority list

regardless of how intelligent we consider ourselves. Guavas

contain Vitamin B3 and Vitamin B6, also known as niacin and

pyridoxine, which helps in improving blood circulation to the

brain and relaxing your nerves. (Sameer Jha December 11, 2013)

Main Uses of guava are for dysentery (bacterial and amebic),

diarrhea, colic, and infantile rotavirus enteritis. Also as a

broad-spectrum antimicrobial for internal and external bacterial,

fungal, candidal, and amebic infections. To tone, balance,

protect and strengthen the heart (and for arrhythmia and some

heart diseases). As a cough suppressant, analgesic (pain-

reliever), and febrifuge (reduces fever) for colds, flu, sore

throat, etc. As a topical remedy for ear and eye infections

Properties/Actions. Unripe guavas can be an alternative treatment

for LBM or Loose Bowel Movement. 

Guava leaves can be used in disinfecting wounds. Likewise,

guavas are used to stop a wound from bleeding.  Guava stems can

be used in cleaning the teeth. Guava twigs can be used in making

slingshots .

According to Ruel Ford, Guavas can be used as decorations.

If we forget to buy flowers, if we want to save up money or if we

want to have a unique decoration, we can use guava fruits,

leaves, stems & flowers instead.( Ruel Ford October 2010 )

  According to Elsevier Ireland, Psidium guajava, is an

important food crop and medicinal plant in tropical and

subtropical countries is widely used like food and in folk

medicine around of the world. This aims a comprehensive of the

chemical constituents, pharmacological, and clinical uses.

Different pharmacological experiments in a number of in

vitro and in vivo models have been carried out. Also have been

identified the medicinally important phyto-constituents. A survey

of the literature shows P. guajava is mainly known for its

antispasmodic and antimicrobial properties in the treatment of

diarrhoea and dysentery.

Has also been used extensively as a hypoglycaemic agent.

Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of

this plant to exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotection, anti-

allergy, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic,

antispasmodic, cardioactive, anticough, antiinflamatory and

antinociceptive activities, supporting its traditional uses.

( 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland )

Studies on efficiency of guava (Psidium guajava) bark as

bioadsorbent for removal of Hg (II) from aqueous solutions.

Biosorption of Hg (II) was investigated in this study by using

guava bark powder (GBP). In the batch system, effects of various

parameters like contact time, initial concentration, pH and

temperature were investigated. Removal of Hg (II) was pH

dependent and was found maximum at pH 9.0. Based on this study,

the thermodynamic parameters like change in standard Gibb's free

energy (DeltaG(0)), standard enthalpy (DeltaH(0)) and standard

entropy (DeltaS(0)) were evaluated. The rate kinetic study was

found to follow second-order. The applicability of Freundlich

adsorption isotherm model was tested. The value of regression

coefficient was greater than 0.99. This indicated that the

isotherm model adequately described the experimental data of the

biosorption of Hg (II). Maximum adsorption of 3.364 mgg(-1) was

reached at 80 min. The results of the study showed that guava

bark powder can be efficiently used as a low-cost alternative for

the removal of divalent mercury from aqueous solutions.( J Hazard

Mater. 2008 Nov 30)

Related Journals

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a very valuable tropical and

subtropical fruit. However, guava micro-propagation are genotypes

dependent, there are several problems associated with in vitro

cultures of guava including browning or blackening of culture

medium due to leaching of phenolics, microbial contamination, and

in vitro tissue recalcitrance. A micro-propagation system using

Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA),

kinetin and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was developed for guava

(Psidium guajava L) from mature cultivar. As part of this

research various disinfection methods and plant growth regulators

were tested in vitro. The most effective method involved treating

explants in a 15% bleach solution for 20 mins followed by

culturing them in MS medium with 250 mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone

(PVP). This method maximized the percentage of bud breakage

(53.3%), while producing the minimum browning rate (18.3%) for

the explants. The best observed proliferation rate (71.2%)

occurred on the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 μM BA, 4.65 μM

kinetin (KT) and 0.54 μM NAA. It produced the highest mean number

of shoots (2.2). Shoots were then rooted (65%) when dipped in 4.9

mM Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution for 1 min and rooted

plantlets survived (100%) after acclimatization to the

greenhouse.( International Journal of Plant Biology 2011)

Many pharmacological effects have been ascribed to extracts

of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves. However, in spite of its

widespread use in Brazilian folk medicine and a reasonable number

of scientific reports about it. In the present study, by

measuring isometric force, we observed that the crude extract of

P. guajava (water-alcohol extract obtained by macerating dry

leaves) depresses the guinea pig atrial contractility in a

concentration-dependent fashion (N = 8 hearts, 15 trials). The

compound with cardiac activity was concentrated by extraction in

a Soxhlet apparatus using 17 M glacial acetic acid after removing

the less polar fractions (hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol

and methanol), suggesting that this compound is a highly polar

substance. In the isolated guinea pig left atrium the acetic acid

fraction (10-800 mg/l) of P. guajava 1) reversibly decreased

myocardial force in a concentration-dependent fashion (EC50 =

0.07g/l, N = 5 hearts, 9 trials, P<0.05), 2) increased the atrial

relaxation time measured at 20% of the force amplitude up to 35%

(91 ± 15 to 123 ± 30 ms, N = 3 hearts, 6 trials, P<0.05), 3)

abolished the positive staircase effect (Bowditch phenomenon) in

a concentration-dependent fashion suggesting a decrease of the

cellular inward calcium current (N = 4 hearts, 8 trials, P<0.05),

and 4) its inotropic effect was abolished by cholinergic receptor

blockade with 1.5 mM atropine sulfate, indicating a cholinergic

involvement in the mechanism of action of the extract (N = 7

hearts, 15 trials, P<0.05). The acetic acid extract was 20 times

more potent than crude extract (EC50 = 1.4 g/l). The results

showed that extracts from P. guajava leaves depress myocardial

inotropism.( Braz J Med Biol Res, May 2008)

Guava leaf tea of Psidium guajava Linnaeus is commonly used

as a medicine against gastroenteritis and child diarrhea by those

who cannot afford or do not have access to antibiotics. This

study screened the Antimicrobial effect of essential oils and

methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate extracts from guava leaves. THE

EXTRACTS WERE TESTED AGAINST DIARRHEA-CAUSING BACTERIA:

Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli.

Strains that were screened included isolates from seabob shrimp,

Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) and laboratory-type strains. Of the

bacteria tested, Staphylococcus aureus strains were most

inhibited by the extracts. The methanol extract showed greatest

bacterial inhibition. No statistically significant differences

were observed between the tested extract concentrations and their

effect. The essential oil extract showed inhibitory activity

against S. aureus and Salmonella spp. The strains isolated from

the shrimp showed some resistance to commercially available

antibiotics. These data support the use of guava leaf-made

medicines in diarrhea cases where access to commercial

antibiotics is restricted. In conclusion, guava leaf extracts and

essential oil are very active against S. aureus, thus making up

important potential sources of new antimicrobial compounds.

( Gonçalves, Flávia A;Andrade Neto, Manoel;Bezerra, et. al. 2008)

“THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA(Psidiumguajava L)LEAVES EXTRACT IN

LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF THE WHITE MICE”

Chapter 3

Methodology

Research Design and Propose of the Study

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of a Guava

(Psidiumguajava L)leaves extract as an alternative medicine in

lowering blood sugar level of a white mice.

Experimental research is conducted mostly in laboratories in

the context of basic research. The principle advantage of

experimental designs is that it provides the opportunity to

identify cause-and-effect relationships. Non-experimental

research, example case studies, surveys, correlation studies, is

non-manipulative observational research usually conducted in

natural settings. While laboratory-controlled experimental

studies tend to be higher in internal validity, non-experimental

studies tend to be higher in external validity (Luzzi, J, 2008).

Population and Sampling Procedure

Using ten cages with 10 white mice, treatment will apply.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted at Riego’s Residence, Dawis Sur

Zarraga, Iloilo.

Method

The subject

The subject of this study will be the two sets of white

mice. One set is composed of 5 white mice exposed to a

commercialized medicine in lowering a blood sugar level. While

the other set will be exposed with the Guava (Psidiumguajava

L)leaves extract.

Table 1 will show the data of mortality of the subject a

weekly basis when exposed to commercialized medicine in lowering

blood sugar, while Table 2 shows the data of mortality of the

subject a weekly basis when exposed to guava leaves extract.

Table 1

Mortality rate of white mice exposed to commercialized product.

--------------------------------------------------------------

Duration Mortality Rate

--------------------------------------------------------------

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

--------------------------------------------------------------

Table 2

Mortality rate of white mice exposed to Guava (Psidiumguajava L)

leaves extract.

--------------------------------------------------------------

Duration Mortality Rate

--------------------------------------------------------------

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

--------------------------------------------------------------

Experimental Procedure

Materials

The equipments that will be using in the experiment are one

weighing scale, this will be use to determine the weight of each

white mice, graduated cylinder, this will be use in measuring the

amount of guava leaves extract, glucose meter, this will be use

in getting blood in each white mice, clean cloth, this will be

use in squeezing the guava leaves, 10 cages, this will be use as

the place of a white mice, 10 white mice, this will be use as the

subject to test the effectiveness of guava leaves extract, Guava

leaves, this will be use as the alternative medicine in lowering

the blood sugar level of a white mice. For the safety measures,

the researcher will wear laboratory gowns, masks, gloves and hair

net.

Procedure

A. Collection and conditioning of the subjects.

The researcher will buy 10 white mice, weighed them and

placed them in different cages. To condition the white mice

for testing, the researcher fed with the same amount of food

and water 2 times a day for 2 weeks.

B. Extraction of Guava leaves for Treatment

The researcher will gather leaves of guavas at Riego’s

residence, Dawis Sur Zarraga, Iloilo. The leaves of guava were

washed, and weighed. One kilogram of guava leaves were

squeezed using a clean cloth to extract the juice and

filtered.

C. Application or testing

Commercialized medicine and guava leaves extract will be

prepared. Then, white mice will be divided into two sets. Each

set will have 5 white mice to be treated by the commercialized

medicine in lowering blood sugar level and with the

Guava(Psidiumguajava L) leaves extract.

D. Data gathering

The two sets of the subject of this study will be observed for

the period of 4 weeks. Every week, the researcher will record

the mortality rate of the subjects. The data on the mortality of

the subjects will be recorded every week. The recorded data will

be subjected to statistical data analysis.

Statistical Data Analysis

This study will utilize the mean and standard deviation for

the descriptive statistics and the t-test for inferential

statistics. Level of significance will be set at .05 alpha.

Bibliography

Arima H. Isolation of antimicrobial compounds from guava (Psidium

guajava L.) and their structural elucidation. Biosci Biotechnol

Biochem. 2002;66(8): 1727-30.

Conde Garcia E. Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava

L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium.” Braz. J of Med and

Biol Res. 2003;36:661-668.

Ojewole JA, Awe EO, Chiwororo WD. Antidiarrhoeal activity of

Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract in

rodents. J Smooth Muscle Res . 2008;44(6):195-207.

Ojewole JA . Hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects of Psidium

guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract . Methods Find Exp

Clin Pharmacol . 2005;27(10):689-695.

Psidium guajava L. USDA, NRCS. 2011. The PLANTS Database

( http://plants.usda.gov , April, 2011). National Plant Data

Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.

Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.

Smith, Nigal J.H, et.al, “ Tropical forests& their Crops”, London

: CornellUniversity Press : 1992.

Valisno, Jeoffrey. “Diabetes and the Filipino Diet” Business

World Weekender. 11-April-2013. 20-June-2014.

Facilities

weighing scale

graduated cylinder

glucose meter

clean cloth

10 cages

10 white mice

feeds

Guava leaves

Estimated Costs

a)P3,350

Research Budget:

Measure Devices-300.00

10 Cages-1,000.00

Commercialized Medicine- 300.00

Clean Cloth-50.00

10 White Mice-250.00

Feeds-250.00

Online Searching and Printing- 500.00

Laboratory tests to determine chemical contents of Guava (Psidium

guajava L.)-500.00

Transportation- 200.00

Source of Extra Funding

Researcher’s Fund

Travel Plan

The researcher will participate in research conferences and

events related if available within the course of the research.

CONFIDENTIALITY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

This research will be done with confidentiality on the data

that will be gathered. The replication of the study will shows

the best result. The researcher will present the research and it

acceptance will grant by the intellectual property of right given

to the researcher and to the Zarraga National High School.

APPROVALS

This research will use human subjects and so, before

commencing the research, ethics approval to undertake research

involving human subjects require from the Human Research Ethics

Committee of Zarraga National High School.

SUBMISSION OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL/ DETAILS OF PROPOSED

RESEARCH

Two copies of this proposal that has the details of the

proposed research will submit to Zarraga National High School