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EUROPEAN CHIROPRACTORS´ UNION The Glasshouse
5a Hampton Hill Road Hampton Middlesex
TW12 1JN
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Index:
Page No Summary of the legal and regulatory situation for Chiropractic in Europe 3-‐4 Legal regulations relating to Chiropractic 5-‐7
Legal regulation of Chiropractors in Denmark 8-‐9
Legal regulation of Chiropractors in Great Britain 10
Legal regulations in Norway 11-‐27
Legal regulations in Sweden 28
Legal regulations in Switzerland 29
European Chiropractors’ Union Constitution 30-‐35
ECCE Constitution 37-‐45
Bylaws of the European Academy of Chiropractic 46-‐49
Institutions holding Accredited status with the ECCE 50-‐53
Letter from the ENQA to President of the ECCE 54-‐55
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A summary of the legal and regulatory situation for chiropractic in Europe. Norway:
Licensed as an independent health profession since 1988
Title protection.
All patients are partially reimbursed by the state
Chiropractors have the legal right to take their own x-‐rays.
Chiropractors can refer patients for x-‐rays, MRI, CT scans, ultrasound diagnostic.
Chiropractors can refer patients to a medical specialist.
Chiropractors can refer patients to physiotherapy.
Chiropractors can sick leave their patients up to 12 weeks.
The patient’s right to have reimbursed travel expenses when going for chiropractic treatments, are regulated by law.
The Government has established a fund for post graduate education for chiropractors.
The Government gives financial support for the infrastructure of chiropractic research.
Most insurance companies fully reimburse chiropractic treatment.
Sweden:
Licensed as an independent health profession since 1989
Title protection
All patients who seek a chiropractor with care contract are reimbursed.
Denmark:
Licensed as an independent health profession since 1991
Title protection
Chiropractors have the legal right to take their own X-‐rays.
Chiropractors have full rights with respect to diagnostic ultrasound.
Some regions give chiropractors permission to refer to MR and CT by special agreement.
All patients are partially reimbursed by the state.
Most insurance companies fully reimburse chiropractic services.
The Government has established a fund for post graduate education for chiropractors.
The Government support chiropractic research.
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A chiropractic education has been established under the medical faculty at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense.
United Kingdom:
Licensed and regulated as an independent health profession since 1994.
Title protection
Chiropractic is one of only eight independently regulated health professions in the UK
Chiropractors have the legal right to take their own x-‐rays.
Chiropractic education is provided by the University of Bournemouth (Angle European College of Chiropractic), the University of Glamorgan (Welsh Institute of Chiropractic) and the McTimoney College of Chiropractic.
Switzerland:
Licensed as an independent health profession.
Licensed as one of five medical professions. (Medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy and chiropractic)
Title protection
All patients are partially reimbursed by the state
Chiropractors have the legal right to take their own x-‐rays.
Chiropractors have limited prescription rights. (Painkillers and anti-‐inflammatory drugs)
Chiropractors can refer patients for x-‐rays, MRI, CT scans, ultrasound diagnostic.
Chiropractors can refer patients to a medical specialist.
Chiropractors can refer patients to physiotherapy.
Chiropractors can sick leave patients.
Most insurance companies fully reimburse chiropractic treatment.
A chiropractic education has been established under the medical faculty at the University of Zürich.
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LEGAL REGULATIONS RELATING TO CHIROPRACTIC
Denmark¸ Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland
DENMARK
Authorization Chiropractors have been authorized in Denmark since 1991. Chiropractors are granted authorization from the National Board of Health after completing a five-‐year Master’s Degree. The authorization gives the right to practice in subordinate positions in hospitals or clinics under the supervision of a chiropractor with authorization to practice independently. Authorization to practice independently is issued by the National Board of Health after an additional one-‐year practical training (internship).
The Law of autorisation: (Bekendtgørelse af lov om autorisation af sundhedspersoner og om sundhedsfaglig virksomhed)
https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=121913#Kap12
The Law of Permission to Practice Independently as a Chiropractor: (Bekendtgørelse om tilladelse til selvstændigt virke som kiropraktor) https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125562
National Board of Health http://www.sst.dk/English/Education%20and%20authorization/Chiropractor.aspx
Practicing in Denmark The Law that regulates chiropractic in Denmark is called ‘Bekendtgørelse om kiropraktorvirksomhed’:
https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=46331
In Denmark there is direct access for patients to chiropractors so there is no need for a medical referral prior to this. The right of direct access for patients is regulated through the National Law of Health (Sundhedsloven): https://www.retsinformation.dk/forms/r0710.aspx?id=130455&exp=1
Chiropractors have the right to diagnose patients independently and no medical referral is required as a condition for grants from the National Health Service.
Through their training chiropractors achieve competences within the medical imaging field, and all practicing chiropractors have access to X-‐ray facilities.
Some regions give chiropractors permission to refer to MR and CT by special agreement.
Chiropractors have full rights with respect to diagnostic ultrasound (take and read).
National Health Insurance According to the Act on National Health Insurance patients are reimbursed for some of their expenses in connection with chiropractic examination and treatment through the National Health Insurance.
In average the patients pay approximately 80% of the expenses for chiropractic treatment and have 20% of the expenses reimbursed by the National Health Insurance.
GREAT BRITAIN
The Chiropractors Act 1994 is the relevant legislation in the UK. Prior to this, the chiropractic profession was self-‐regulated but the passing of the Act provided for the establishment of a statutory regulator, the General Chiropractic Council, which is responsible for regulating and developing the chiropractic profession. The GCC publishes a Code of Practice and Standard of Proficiency which sets out the standards of conduct and practice required for safe and competent practice. Legislation for chiropractors in the UK means that it is a criminal offence for anyone to call themselves a chiropractor unless they are registered with the GCC. Chiropractic is one of one of only eight independently regulated health professions in the UK, the
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ninth covering a further 19 professions. An over-‐arching regulator, the Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence, oversees the performance of the UK health regulators. The UK legislation on chiropractic largely mirrors that for other UK statutorily-‐regulated professions. It is regarded as sound legislation, but in keeping with all other regulators it will be subjected to review within the next few years. There is a Law Commission inquiry looking at all regulators and their relative fitness for purpose; reform is likely as part of the current Government’s agenda for change. It is mandatory for chiropractors to undertake a minimum of 30 hours continuing professional development each year. This is regularly audited by the GCC. The Department of Health has indicated that it will be asking the regulators to introduce a scheme of revalidation as part of its reform of the UK Health Service. Chiropractic education in the UK is delivered by three GCC-‐accredited educational providers: the Anglo-‐European College of Chiropractic, the Welsh Institute of Chiropractic and the McTimoney College of Chiropractic, all of whom deliver Masters level awards. The first two of these institutions also enjoy fully accredited status with the European Council on Chiropractic Education, the quality assurance agency for chiropractic education in Europe. The British Chiropractic Association is the largest member of the European Chiropractors’ Union and has around 1350 members. There are in total approximately 2700 registered chiropractors in the UK, the balance being represented by three other associations. Its President is Richard Brown, who is also the Secretary of the European Chiropractors Union. The BCA is a stakeholder in the CEN standardisation process currently developing a standard for the services of chiropractors.
NORWAY
Chiropractors have been authorised in Norway since 1989. A new law was passed in 1999, Act of 2. July 1999, no 64 relating to Health Personnel etc. (The Health Personnel Act) that applies to all groups of authorized health professions including chiropractors. Title protection follows with authorization as stated in § 74.
English translation
Authorization requirements are defined in the same act (§ 48.) and is education from an ECCE/CCEI-‐accredited institution followed by a one year internship (§ 76.). Rules and regulations for the internship year are given in FOR 2000-‐12-‐21 nr 1382 from the Department of Health and: IK-‐10/2001 from the Norwegian Board of Health Supervision.
The chiropractors are responsible for their own diagnosis and treatment based on the general principle of responsible conduct as defined in the Act §4.
All patients are entitled to partial reimbursement for chiropractic care (limited to 14 treatments per year) and can seek care directly (no medical referral necessary).
Chiropractors can prescribe sick leave (up to twelve weeks and limited to musculoskeletal conditions), and refer to hospitals, medical specialists, physiotherapy and diagnostic imaging including CT-‐ and MRI-‐scans. All services referred to above within the national health system are reimbursed on equal terms as medical referrals.
The regulations and requirements for the chiropractor to execute the rights above are defined in FOR 2005-‐12-‐21 nr 1668.
Chiropractors are also allowed to take their own x-‐rays, but National Insurance does not reimburse this. This activity is regulated by the National Radiation Protection Agency.
Patient safety and protection is regulated by law and chiropractors were included together with all other authorized private practitioners by revision Pasientskadeloven from 2009 and at the same time included in the National patient accident insurance pool (NPE).
SWEDEN
Chiropractors have been licensed in Sweden since 1989. All authorised health personnel today adhere to one law. The law on patient safety passed in 2010. The law includes a title protection for chiropractors.
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There is no specific law for chiropractic. Chiropractors are primary caregivers, responsible for diagnosis and treatment and should like all other licensed health professionals adhere to evidence based care according to the law.
The law on patient safety:
http://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/index.aspx?nid=3911&bet=2010:659
The National Agency for Health and Social Welfares Directive on patient safety, Patientsäkerhetsförordningen (2010:1369), regulates the required professional qualification for chiropractors. The minimum requirement is a four year degree and one year practical, supervised training according to 4§ chapter 3.
See Patientsäkerhetsförordningen (2010:1369), 3 Kap 4§:
http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/20101369.htm
Tobias Lauritsen
President, Swedish Chiropractic Association
SWITZERLAND
The Chiropractic profession is regulated on a federal and a cantonal level.
Federal legislation
Federal law on education, postgraduate and continuing education and professional activity of the MDs, the dentists, the DCs, the pharmacists and the veterinarians (MedBG/LPMéd).
http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c811_11.html
Chiropractic treatments are reimbursed by the social insurances.
Sickness insurance: http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c832_10.html
Accident insurance http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c832_20.html
Radioprotection: http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c814_50.html
Cantonal legislation
There are 26 cantons; each canton has its own regulation.
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Dansk Kiropraktor Forening
LEGAL REGULATION OF CHIROPRACTORS IN DENMARK
Authorization
Chiropractors have been authorized in Denmark since 1991.
Chiropractors are granted authorization from the National Board of Health after completing a five-‐year Master’s Degree. The authorization gives the right to practice in subordinate positions in hospitals or clinics under the supervision of a chiropractor with authorization to practice independently. Authorization to practice independently is issued by the National Board of Health after an additional one-‐year practical training (internship).
The Law of autorisation: (Bekendtgørelse af lov om autorisation af sundhedspersoner og om sundhedsfaglig virksomhed)
https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=121913#Kap12
The Law of Permission to Practice Independently as a Chiropractor: (Bekendtgørelse om tilladelse til selvstændigt virke som kiropraktor) https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125562
National Board of Health http://www.sst.dk/English/Education%20and%20authorization/Chiropractor.aspx
Practicing in Denmark
The Law that regulates chiropractic in Denmark is called ‘Bekendtgørelse om kiropraktorvirksomhed’:
https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=46331
In Denmark there is direct access for patients to chiropractors so there is no need for a medical referral prior to this. The right of direct access for patients is regulated through the
National Law of Health (Sundhedsloven):
https://www.retsinformation.dk/forms/r0710.aspx?id=130455&exp=1
Chiropractors have the right to diagnose patients independently and no medical referral is required as a condition for grants from the National Health Service.
Through their training chiropractors achieve competences within the medical imaging field, and all practicing chiropractors have access to X-‐ray facilities.
Some regions give chiropractors permission to refer to MR and CT by special agreement. Chiropractors have full rights with respect to diagnostic ultrasound (take and read).
National Health Insurance
According to the Act on National Health Insurance patients are reimbursed for some of their expenses in connection with chiropractic examination and treatment through the National Health Insurance.
In average the patients pay approximately 80% of the expenses for chiropractic treatment and have 20% of the expenses reimbursed by the National Health Insurance.
The Law that regulates the subsidy to chiropractic treatment is called ’Bekendtgørelse om tilskud til kiro-‐ praktisk behandling i praksissektoren’:
http://www.danskkiropraktorforening.dk/Global/DKF-‐ dokument-‐ er/Praksisomr%c3%a5det/Bekendtg%c3%b8relse%20om%20tilskud%20til%20kiropraktisk%20behandling%20i%20pra ksissektoren.mht
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The DCA and the National Health Insurance negotiate the agreement every 3 years.
The Danish Chiropractic Education at University of Southern Denmark
The University of Southern Denmark is the only educational institution in the Nordic countries with a graduate program in clinical biomechanics (chiropractic). The full study program consists of:
• a 3 year bachelor program
• a 2 year graduate program (following the BA program)
• a house year (following the graduate program)
About half of the students come from Denmark while the other half come from the other Nordic countries. The education enjoys fully accredited status with the European Council on Chiropractic Education, the quality assurance agency for chiropractic education in Europe.
The Danish Chiropractic Education at University of Southern Denmark:
http://www.sdu.dk/en/Uddannelse/kandidat/klinisk_biomekanik
The Danish Chiropractic Association (DCA)
The DCA was established in 1925. Today the association represents almost 700 members who are working as chiropractors in Denmark or are studying chiropractic. Since 2006 the chairman of the board of the DCA has been Peter Kryger-‐Baggesen.
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Chiropractic: the UK legislative position
The Chiropractors Act 1994 is the relevant legislation in the UK. Prior to this, the chiropractic profession was self-‐regulated but the passing of the Act provided for the establishment of a statutory regulator, the General Chiropractic Council, which is responsible for regulating and developing the chiropractic profession. The GCC publishes a Code of Practice and Standard of Proficiency which sets out the standards of conduct and practice required for safe and competent practice.
Legislation for chiropractors in the UK means that it is a criminal offence for anyone to call themselves a chiropractor unless they are registered with the GCC. Chiropractic is one of only eight independently regulated health professions in the UK, the ninth covering a further 19 professions. An over-‐arching regulator, the Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence, oversees the performance of the UK health regulators.
The UK legislation on chiropractic largely mirrors that for other UK statutorily-‐regulated professions. It is regarded as sound legislation, but in keeping with all other regulators it will be subjected to review within the next few years. There is a Law Commission inquiry looking at all regulators and their relative fitness for purpose; reform is likely as part of the current Government’s agenda for change.
It is mandatory for chiropractors to undertake a minimum of 30 hours continuing professional development each year. This is regularly audited by the GCC. The Department of Health has indicated that it will be asking the regulators to introduce a scheme of revalidation as part of its reform of the UK Health Service.
Chiropractic education in the UK is delivered by three GCC-‐accredited educational providers: the Anglo-‐European College of Chiropractic, the Welsh Institute of Chiropractic and the McTimoney College of Chiropractic, all of whom deliver Masters level awards. The first two of these institutions also enjoy fully accredited status with the European Council on Chiropractic Education, the quality assurance agency for chiropractic education in Europe.
The British Chiropractic Association is the largest member of the European Chiropractors’ Union and has around 1350 members. There are in total approximately 2700 registered chiropractors in the UK, the balance being represented by three other associations. Its President is Richard Brown, who is also the Secretary of the European Chiropractors Union. The BCA is a stakeholder in the CEN standardisation process currently developing a standard for the services of chiropractors.
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Norwegian Law: Extracts concerning the practise of chiropractic and chiropractors.
Act Relating to Health Personnel etc. (Health Personnel Act). DATE: ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐64 DEPARTMENT: HOD (Ministry of Health and Care Services) ENTRY INTO FORCE: 2001-‐01-‐01, Royal decree, 2000-‐04-‐14 LAST AMENDED: ACT-‐2003-‐08-‐29-‐87 of 2003-‐09-‐01 AMENDING: ABBREVIATION: Health Personnel Act -‐ hlspl. Chapter 9. Conditions for authorisation, licensing and certificate of completion of specialist training
§ 48. Authorisation
The authorisation system under this act covers the following categories of health personnel:
a) Emergency medical technician
b) Pharmaceutical technician
c) Audiologist
d) Medical laboratory technician
e) Occupational therapist
f) Pharmacist
g) Chiropodist
h) Physiotherapist
i) Medical secretary
j) Auxiliary nurse
k) Midwife
l) Chiropractor
m) Clinical nutritionist
n) Doctor
o) Care worker
p) Optician
q) Prosthetist
r) Orthoptist
s) Perfusionist
t) Psychologist
u) Radiographer
v) Nurse
w) Dental secretary
x) Dentist
y) Dental nurse
z) Dental technician
æ) Social educator
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The right to authorisation upon application is granted to anyone who:
a) has passed the examination in the relevant subject at a Norwegian university, technical college or advanced occupational training,
b) Has completed the practical training laid down by the Ministry in the regulations,
c) is under the age of 75, and
d) Who is not unfit for the profession? The right to authorisation upon application is also granted to anyone who:
a) Has a foreign examination qualification which is recognised as equivalent to the corresponding Norwegian examination,
b) Has a foreign qualification which is recognised under an agreement on reciprocal approval under § 52, or
c) Has otherwise demonstrated that he/she possesses the necessary skills.
The Ministry may in its regulations specify that the categories of health personnel that are not covered under section 1 may be granted authorisation on application. The decision will place particular emphasis on considerations of patient safety, the content and purpose of training, the extent to which the profession is practiced independently and considerations of harmonisation with other countries.
The Ministry may in its regulations specify additional requirements for the authorisation of individual groups of health personnel, for example that the requirements shall also apply to those who already have authorisation or official certification at the time the regulations come into force.
Amended by Act of 21 Dec 2000 no. 127 (in force 1 Jan 2001 pursuant to Decree of 21 Dec 2000 no. 1359).
§ 49. Licence Health personnel who are not entitled to authorisation under § 48, may be granted a licence on application. Licences may
only be granted to health personnel that are considered suitable with regard to the type and scope of the licence.
Licences may also be granted to health personnel with foreign qualifications which are recognised under the agreement on reciprocal approval pursuant to § 52.
The licence may be restricted in time, to a specific position, to certain types of health care or otherwise.
The Ministry may set more specific requirements for obtaining a license and the conditions attached to it, including a provision that the requirements shall apply to those already holding a license at the time these regulations come into force.
§ 50. Border license Public employees and authorised health personnel in Sweden and Finland working along the border with Norway may practice their profession in Norwegian local authorities along the border without Norwegian authorisation or licensing under §§ 48 and 49.
§ 51. Conditions governing the certificate of completion of specialist training The Ministry may stipulate requirements concerning the conditions for approval of authorised health personnel as specialists
within a defined section of the specialist health area, including a provision that the requirements shall apply to those who already hold a certificate of completion of specialist training when these regulations come into force.
§ 52. International agreements On the basis of mutual approval agreements with other countries, authorisation, licenses and certificates of completion of specialist training may be granted to foreign citizens.
The Ministry may in its regulations make further provisions to supplement section 1, and may in this connection set special conditions for approval which are necessary in order to comply with international agreements.
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2. OF 2000-‐12-‐21 no 1385: Regulations concerning patient records
DATE: FOR-‐2000-‐12-‐21-‐1385
DEPARTMENT:HOD (Ministry of Health and Care Services)
DEPT/OFFICE: Health department
PUBLISHED:In 2000 3107 (Comments)
ENTRY INTO FORCE:2001-‐01-‐01
LAST AMENDED: FOR-‐2003-‐02-‐25-‐232 of 2003-‐03-‐03
AMENDING: VALID FOR: Norway
AUTHORITY: ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐64-‐§40, ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐64-‐§42, ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐64-‐§43, ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐64-‐§45, ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐61-‐§3-‐2, ACT-‐1982-‐11-‐19-‐66-‐§1-‐3a, ACT-‐1983-‐06-‐03-‐54-‐§1-‐3a, ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐63-‐§5-‐1
Provisions concerning patient records.
§ 4. (Record system) Practices where healthcare is provided must set up a patient record system. The system must operate in a way which ensures that requirements established in or in support of the law can be met, including rules on:
a) right to view records cf. Health Personnel Act § 41 and Patients’ Rights Act § 5-‐1,
b) Access to and disclosure of records, cf. Health Personnel Act § 25 and § 45 and the Patients’ Rights Act § 5-‐3,
c) Reporting obligations and obligation of information, cf. Health Personnel Act Chapter 6 and 7,
d) Drafting of the record, cf. Health Personnel Act § 39 Section 2,
e) Correction and deletion, cf. Health Personnel Act § 42, § 43 and § 44 and
f) Security against access by unauthorised persons, cf. Health Personnel Act Chapter 5, including secure safekeeping, cf. Health Personnel Act § 21.
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3.
Act relating to Social Insurance (Social insurance Act).
DATE: ACT-‐1997-‐02-‐28-‐19 DEPARTMENT: AID (Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion) PUBLISHED: ENTRY INTO FORCE: 1997-‐05-‐01 LAST AMENDED: ACT-‐2005-‐12-‐21-‐127 of 2006-‐01-‐01 AMENDING: ABBREVIATION: Social insurance law -‐ ftrl. Chapter 5. Benefits in health services Provisions concerning
-‐ Aims are in § 5-‐1
-‐ Membership in § 5-‐2
-‐ Upper expenditure limit for individual contribution in § 5-‐3
-‐ Cover for cost of examination and treatment in §§ 5-‐4 to 5-‐12
-‐ Support for birth outside institutions in § 5-‐13
-‐ Cover for expenditure on medication etc. in § 5-‐14
-‐ Cover for the costs of important drugs which are also used in hospital, in § 5-‐15
-‐ Fixed salary subsidy are in § 5-‐21
-‐ Contributions in § 5-‐22
-‐ Exceptions for military personnel in § 5-‐23
-‐ Benefits for health services abroad in § 5-‐24
-‐ Benefit in the event of occupational injury in § 5-‐25
-‐ Benefits for sickness which arose in the period during which there was no right to benefit, in § 5-‐26.
Amended by acts of 14 June 2002 no. 22, 28 June 2002 no. 52 (in force 1 July 2002 under. Decree 28 June 2002 no. 692), 20 Dec. 2002 no 100 (in force 1Jan 2003 under. Decree 20 Dec 2002 no. 1804), 20 June 2003 no. 45 (in force 1 July 2003 under. Decree 20 June 2003 no. 712), 28 Nov 2003 no. 96 (in force 1 Jan 2004), 21 Dec 2005 no. 127 (in force 1 Jan 2006).
§ 5-‐8. Physiotherapy The insurance system pays benefit to cover the cost of examination and treatment by physiotherapists.
Benefits for physiotherapy are only granted if the physiotherapist has an agreement on operating subsidies with the local authority, see Municipal Health Services Act § 5-‐1.
The right to benefit is conditional upon the member being referred by a doctor, chiropractor or manual therapist. The referral requirement does not apply to examination and treatment by a manual therapist. The treatment must be of considerable importance for the member’s illness and ability to function.
The benefit is paid on the basis of fixed rates.
The Ministry establishes regulations concerning benefits pursuant to this paragraph, including regulations governing contributions for combined measures by physiotherapists, and it may in its provisions make exceptions which widen the circle of physiotherapist under Section 2.
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Amended by Act of 19 June 1997 no. 87 (in force 1 July 1998 under Decree 19 June 1997 no. 617), 21 Dec 2001 no. 118, 21 Dec 2005 no. 125 (in force 1 Jan 2006 under Decree 21 Dec 2005 no. 1606).
§ 5-‐9. Treatment by chiropractors The insurance system provides benefit to cover the cost of examination and treatment by chiropractors.
The treatment must be of considerable importance to the member’s ability to function.
The benefit is paid on the basis of fixed rates.
The Ministry establishes regulations concerning benefits pursuant to this paragraph, including regulations governing contributions for combined measures by chiropractors.
Amended by Act of 19 Dec 2003 no. 135 (in force 1 Jan 2004), 21 Dec 2005 no. 125 (in force 1 Jan 2006 under Decree 21 Dec 2005 no. 1606).
Chapter 8. Sickness benefit Provisions concerning
-‐ Aims are in § 8-‐1
-‐ General conditions for the right to sickness benefit in §§ 8-‐2 to 8-‐9
-‐ The basis for sickness benefit in § 8-‐10
-‐ Sickness benefit days in §§ 8-‐11 and 8-‐12
-‐ Scaled sickness benefit in § 8-‐13
-‐ Subsidies for work-‐related travel in § 8-‐14
-‐ Sickness benefits for employees in §§ 8-‐15 to 8-‐33
-‐ Sickness benefits for self-‐employed traders are in §§ 8-‐34 to 8-‐37
-‐ Sickness benefits for freelancers in §§ 8-‐38 and 8-‐39
-‐ Sickness benefits for members with combined incomes in §§ 8-‐40 to 8-‐43
-‐ Sickness benefits for special groups in §§ 8-‐44 to 8-‐47
-‐ The relationship with other social insurance payments, etc, in §§ 8-‐48 to 8-‐52
-‐ Sickness benefit during a stay in an institution in §§ 8-‐53 and 8-‐54
-‐ Sickness benefits in the event of occupational injury in § 8-‐55. § 8-‐1. Aim
The aim of sickness benefit is to compensate professionally active members who are unable to work because of sickness or injury, for loss of occupational earnings.
§ 8-‐7. Documentary evidence of incapacity to work
To qualify for sickness benefit the member must have his incapacity to work supported by a doctor’s certificate. This does not apply during the qualifying period covered by the employer, when the employee is entitled to use self-‐certification, see §§ 8-‐18, 8-‐19 and 8-‐23 to 8-‐27.
The doctor’s certificate cannot be accepted for the period before the member was examined by the doctor (time reported sick). A doctor’s certificate for the period before the member consulted a doctor may nevertheless be accepted if the member has been prevented from consulting a doctor and it is agreed that he or she has been unfit for work from an earlier date.
The assessment of incapacity to work shall be based on a functional assessment. The doctor shall in all cases assess whether the member can go to work or engage in a work-‐related activity. The doctor and other health personnel undertake, in collaboration with the employee and if applicable the employer, to provide a detailed assessment of the employee’s ability to function.
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A doctor’s certificate must be submitted no later than eight weeks from the commencement of the period of incapacity to work during which the member has not performed any work-‐related activity. In order for the member to receive payment of sickness benefits the doctor’s certificate must demonstrate that there are medical reasons preventing performance of a work-‐related activity. The statement must contain a report of the future treatment programme and an assessment of the likelihood of the person being able to resume his previous job or do other work.
Sickness benefit may however be paid without a doctor’s certificate referred to in section four
a) If the member has been admitted to a health institution,
b) If the suffering is so serious that the member cannot be expected to be fit for work again, or
c) If the member is expected to be pronounced fit within a short period.
For a member without an employer to continue to qualify for payment of sickness benefit, the local national insurance office must, no later than the end of the 12th week of incapacity to work, assess whether the medical conditions for entitlement to sickness benefit have been met, and whether there is a need for medical, occupational or other action. In such a case the local national insurance office must make a decision in writing concerning the continued right to sickness benefit. Exceptions to these provisions may be made in the cases referred to in section 5.
As soon as possible and no later than 12 weeks from the commencement of the period of incapacity to work, during which an employee who is registered sick has not performed any work-‐related activity, the local national insurance office shall obtain a follow up plan, except when such a plan is accepted to be clearly unnecessary, cf. § 25-‐2 and Working Environment Act § 4-‐6 Section 3.
The local national insurance office shall as soon as possible assess whether occupational rehabilitation is to be provided if internal company measures are not forthcoming, or if the member does not have employment. An assessment of this nature shall be completed by the end of the period of sickness benefit at the latest.
The Ministry may establish regulations concerning exceptions to the condition for a doctor’s certificate in Section 1 for a limited period, if evidence of the incapacity to work has been provided by a statement from other health personnel.
Amended by Acts of 22 March 2002 no. 7 (in force 1 July 2002), 19 Dec 2003 no. 135 (see III thereof, in force 1 Jan 2004), 18 June 2004 no. 41 (in force 1 July 2004), 17 June 2005 no. 62 (in force 1 Jan 2006 under Decree 17 June 2005 no. 609), 21 Dec 2005 no. 125 (in force 1 Jan 2006 under Decree 21 Dec 2005 no. 1606).
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Act relating to Patients’ Rights (Patients’ Rights Act).
DATE: ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐63 DEPARTMENT: HOD (Ministry of Health and Care Services) ENTRY INTO FORCE: 2001-‐01-‐01, 2001-‐07-‐01 LAST AMENDED: ACT-‐2005-‐12-‐21-‐125 from 2006-‐01-‐01 AMENDING: ABBREVIATION: Patients’ Rights Act -‐ pasrl.
Chapter 2. Right to healthcare and transport
Heading amended by Act 28 Nov 2003 no. 96 (in force 1 Jan 2004).
§ 2-‐2. Right to assessment
Patients who are referred to a hospital or specialist outpatients’ department covered by § 2-‐4, are entitled to have their health condition assessed within 30 working days from when the referral is received. The need for healthcare must be assessed and information must be provided about when provision of the treatment can be expected.
An assessment must be made as to whether the patient has a right to specialist health services referred to in § 2-‐1 section 2 and, if applicable, a time limit should be set as referred to in the second point of the same section. Patients who have such a right must be informed of this and the time limit. In the notification the patient must also be given details about right of appeal, appeal time limits and details of the appeals procedure. The referring authority must also be informed.
The assessment must be conducted on the basis of the referral. If necessary supplementary information shall be obtained or the patient shall be called in for examination.
If a serious or life-‐threatening illness is suspected, the patient has the right to an earlier assessment.
Amended by acts 12 Dec 2003 no. 110 (in force 1 Sep 2004 under. Decree 19 March 2004 no. 540), 21 Dec 2005 no. 125 (in force 1 Jan 2006 under. Decree 21 Dec 2005 no. 1606).
·∙ Regulation 21.12.2005 concerning benefit to cover of the cost of treatment by chiropractors (NY).
Regulation concerning benefit to cover of the cost of treatment by chiropractors
Laid down by the Ministry of Health and Care Services 21. December 2005 pursuant to the act of 28. February 1997 no. 19 on social insurance § 5-‐9 section 4, § 22-‐2 section 2.
Chapter I Regulations
§ 1. The insurance system pays benefit to cover the cost of examination and treatment by a chiropractor for illnesses, injury or disability which entitles the member to benefit under the Social Insurance Act, Chapter 5. The treatment must be of considerable importance to the member’s ability to function.
§ 2 Benefit is only granted if the treating person has authorisation as a chiropractor under the Act of 2. July 1999 no. 64 concerning health personnel etc. § 48, or approval under previous regulations, cf. health personnel act § 76 section 2 or an internship (turnus) licence as a chiropractor in accordance with the regulation of 21. December 2000 no. 1382 concerning practical training (internship) for health personnel Chapter 1 and 6.
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In order to be able to refer to a specialist doctor and physiotherapist and to be able to provide documentary evidence of incapacity to work up to 8 weeks, it is a condition that the chiropractor or the holder of an internship licence as a chiropractor has the necessary skills in social insurance subjects etc.
The Ministry will establish specific requirements regarding the content and scope of training.
§ 3 The insurance system pays benefit for treatment by chiropractors according to the rates in § 7. Benefit is paid for up to 14 treatments per patient per treatment year.
§ 4 If the member is unable to get to the place of treatment on account of his condition of health the local authority will cover the chiropractor’s travel expenses under the Act of 19. November 1982 no. 66 on Municipal health services § 5-‐1 sections 3 and 4.
§ 5 The insurance service may enter into an agreement with chiropractors concerning direct settlement with the insurance scheme, cf. Social Insurance Act § 22-‐2 section 2. The benefit is then paid direct to the chiropractor, who is not then entitled to charge the member for parts of the fee covered by the insurance system. The National Insurance Administration has established specific rules concerning direct settlement.
§ 6 The claim for benefit to cover the cost of treatment by a chiropractor must be accompanied by a receipted, itemised invoice from the chiropractor. As well as the diagnosis for the treatment carried out, the invoice must also contain all the information which is required to decide the claim.
The chiropractor must issue the invoice on a form stipulated by the National Insurance Administration. Claims submitted electronically must be structured in accordance with the file format set by the National Insurance Administration.
§ 7 Rates K1. Examination upon commencement of a course of treatment 100 kroner.
K2. Treatment by a chiropractor, per time 50 kroner
Notes to rates K1 and K2:
Rate K1 and K2 may not be combined in the same consultation. Rate K1 may only be applied once per series of treatment. Series of treatment means the number of consultations which are required for the same illness/injury/disability.
The rates may be activated a total of 14 times per patient per treatment year.
K3a. Indemnification for consultations including travel time when the chiropractor works in conjunction with other health and social services staff as part of a treatment or rehabilitation programme for individual patients, including working in the base team. The rate also covers practice costs. The rate cannot be used in conjunction with internal collaboration in inter-‐disciplinary medical centres etc. The rate cannot be used as payment for regular collaboration meetings, unless the collaboration relates to actual patients. Collaboration may include diagnosis, charting of rehabilitation requirements, drawing up and following of the rehabilitation schedule, assessment of level of function, adaptation of the environment etc. The rate is calculated for the entire consultation/travel time, not per patient. Reimbursement of travel can be also claimed under the regulation concerning cover of transport costs of health personnel in connection with travel to conduct an examination or treatment.
The rate may also be applied when the consultation is conducted over the telephone.
The consultation must be scheduled. Per half hour commenced 240 kroner
K3b. Later per half hour commenced 240 kroner
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K4. Telephone conversations/written communications about individual patients with doctors, physiotherapists in specialist health services, chiropractors in specialist health services, community health and social services and company health services. The rate may not be used for communication with the referring therapist upon commencement of the series of treatment. 40 kroner § 8 Grant for common use by chiropractors The insurance system pays a grant corresponding to 1.5 per cent of the insurance scheme expenditure on treatment with chiropractors to the fund for further and subsequent training of chiropractors.
The grant is paid by the National Insurance Administration to the Norwegian Chiropractors Association for an appropriate amount every quarter with a final settlement at the end of the year.
§ 9 Entry into Force The regulation comes into effect on 1. January 2006. As from the same date the regulation of 18. April 1997 no. 331 concerning benefit to cover the cost of treatment by chiropractors is revoked.
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FOR 2003-‐12-‐19 no 1728: Regulation on the cover of the cost of transport of health personnel etc. in connection with travel to conduct an examination or treatment.
DATE: FOR-‐2003-‐12-‐19-‐1728
DEPARTMENT: HOD (Ministry of Health and Care services)
DEP/OFFICE: Health service Department.
PUBLISHED: In 2003 volume 18
ENTRY INTO FORCE: 2004-‐01-‐01
LAST AMENDED:
AMENDING: FOR-‐1997-‐03-‐11-‐215
VALID FOR: Norway
AUTHORITY: ACT-‐1982-‐11-‐19-‐66-‐§5-‐1, ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐61-‐§2-‐1a
CONTENTS
Regulation concerning cover of the cost of transport of health personnel etc. in connection with travel to conduct examinations and treatment. § 1. Scope § 2. Conditions of cover § 3. Ambulatory health service in Finnmark § 4. Calculation of cover of cost of transport § 5. Fixed transport supplement § 6. Entry into force
Regulation concerning the cover of the cost of transport of health personnel etc. in connection with travel to conduct examinations or treatment.
Laid down by the Ministry of Health 19. December 2003 pursuant to the act of 19. November 1982 no. 66 on municipal health services § 5-‐1 section 4 and the act of 2. July 1999 no. 61 on specialist health services etc. § 2-‐1a section 4
§ 1. Scope
The Local Authority covers the transport costs of health personnel when health personnel have to travel to patients to conduct examinations or treatment for which benefit is granted under the Social Insurance Act Chapter 5. This does not however apply to the transport costs of specialists who have operational agreements with regional health authorities cf. section 2. The local authority will also cover the cost of transport if the treatment is given by employees of the local authority health service, including home nursing, first aid clinic and family welfare office.
The regional health authority covers transport costs for health personnel employed by the regional health authority, including specialists who have operational agreements with the regional health authority cf. Social Insurance Act § 5-‐4 and § 5-‐7.
Provision concerning exceptions from the condition for a doctor’s certificate when chiropractors and manual therapists certify incapacity to work in a statement
Laid down by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs 21. December 2005 by virtue of the law of 28. February 1997 no. 19 concerning Social Insurance § 8-‐7 section 9
§ 1 Right to certify incapacity to work
Chiropractors wishing to certify incapacity to work must have authorisation under the Health Personnel Act § 48 or approval under former regulations, cf. Health Personnel Act § 76 section 2. Those holding an internship license as a chiropractor, cf. regulation of 21. December 2000 no. 1382 concerning practical training (internship) for health personnel Chapter 1 and 6, may also certify incapacity to work.
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Physiotherapists wishing to certify incapacity to work must have authorisation under the Health Personnel Act § 48 or approval under former regulations, cf. Health Personnel Act § 76 section 2, and
a) Have passed an examination in clinical master study in manual therapy for physiotherapists at a Norwegian university or equivalent, or
b) Be approved for use of A8 tariff -‐ Manual therapy -‐ and have passed an examination in differential diagnostics, laboratory analysis and training in radiology equivalent to Norwegian master training.
Physiotherapists who certify incapacity to work are referred to as manual therapists in the regulation.
Chiropractors and manual therapists wishing to certify incapacity to work must have completed training in insurance related subjects etc. the Ministry of Health and Care Services will establish more specific rules concerning the scope of the training.
§ 2 Declaration of incapacity to work
The condition in the Social Insurance Act § 8-‐7 concerning a doctor’s certificate for the right to sickness benefit does not apply if the incapacity to work is certified by a statement from a chiropractor or manual therapist. An equivalent exception is made to the condition for a certificate from a doctor in § 8-‐4 section 2, b). Nos. 1 and 2 only apply to illness or injuries which are directly connected to the muscle and skeleton system. The regulations in the Social Insurance Act § 8-‐7 section 2 and 3 apply accordingly to declarations from chiropractors and manual therapists.
The declaration referred to in section 1 may not continue for a continuous period of more than eight weeks from the first day of sick leave.
With the consent of the member a copy of the declaration issued in accordance with section 1 is sent to the member’s doctor at the same time as to the local national insurance office.
If a member is unfit for work for more than six weeks, the chiropractor or manual therapist shall inform the member that incapacity for work for more than eight weeks must be certified by a doctor. In such cases the chiropractor or manual therapist shall, after obtaining the member’s consent, send the details of the treatment performed to the member’s doctor.
The Social Insurance Act § 21-‐4 section 2, no. 3 on the obligation of information in the doctor’s certificate concerning sick leave, where an illness or injury may have a connection with the work situation and § 25-‐7, concerning exemption from issuing doctor’s certificates, applies accordingly for chiropractors and manual therapists.
§ 3 Supplementary guidelines
The National Insurance Administration may issue specific guidelines for the implementation of the regulation, including the illnesses and injuries which fall under § 2 section 1, no.3, and the application of § 2 section 1 in the event of a member’s repeated incapacity for work.
§ 4 Entry into force
The regulation comes into force on 1. January 2006.
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FOR 2003-‐12-‐19 no 1728: Regulation concerning cover of the cost of transport of health personnel etc. in connection with travel to conduct examinations or treatment.
DATE: FOR-‐2003-‐12-‐19-‐1728 DEPARTMENT: HOD (Ministry of Health and Care services) DEP/OFFICE: Health Service Department. PUBLISHED: In 2003 volume 18 ENTRY INTO FORCE: 2004-‐01-‐01 LAST AMENDED: AMENDING: FOR-‐1997-‐03-‐11-‐215 VALID FOR: Norway AUTHORITY: ACT-‐1982-‐11-‐19-‐66-‐§5-‐1, ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐61-‐§2-‐1a
CONTENTS Regulation concerning cover of the cost of transport of health personnel etc. in connection with travel to conduct examinations or treatment. § 1. Scope § 2. Condition of cover § 3. Ambulatory health service in Finnmark § 4. Calculation of the cover of transport costs § 5. Fixed transport supplement § 6. Entry into force
Regulation concerning cover of the cost of transport for health personnel etc. in connection with travel to conduct examinations or treatment.
Laid down by the Ministry of Health 19. December 2003 pursuant to the act of 19. November 1982 no. 66 concerning municipal health services § 5-‐1 section 4 and the act of 2. July 1999 no. 61 concerning specialist health services etc. § 2-‐1a section 4.
§ 1. Scope
The Local Authority covers the transport costs of health personnel when health personnel have to travel to patients to conduct examinations or treatment for which benefit is granted under the Social Insurance Act Chapter 5. This does not however apply to the transport costs of specialists who have operational agreements with regional health authorities cf. section 2. The local authority will also cover the cost of transport if the treatment is given by employees of the community health service, including home nursing, first aid clinic and family welfare office.
The regional health authority covers the transport costs of health personnel employed by the regional health authority, including specialists who have operational agreements with the regional health authority cf. Social Insurance Act § 5-‐4 and § 5-‐7.
§ 2. Conditions of cover
If on account of his state of health the patient cannot get to the place of treatment, a person who travels for the purpose of performing an examination or treatment is entitled to cover of transport costs. Compensation may also be paid by the local authority to cover the travel expenses of doctors who travel to and from regular places of treatment (subsidiary clinics) in the districts, when these services are organised by the local authority. If the local authority makes transport available, travel expenses are not covered.
In the event of travel by staff from the family welfare office in order to check the environment in connection with investigations, treatment and advice at the family welfare office, the local authority will indemnify half of the calculated expenses in accordance with the national travel scale if the medical director of the family welfare office has confirmed the necessity for travel in writing.
The regional health authority may also pay compensation for cover of travel expenses for specialists who have entered into agreements with the regional health authority, for travel to and from regular treatment centres within the region (outpatient/Ambulatory services etc.) if this arises pursuant to the agreement between the individual practitioner and the
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regional health authority. The same applies to health personnel employed in private hospitals who have reached an agreement with the regional health authority, if this is stated in the agreement between the hospital and the regional health authority.
Travel expenses are only covered if the distance which has to be travelled from the place of departure to the patient is at least one kilometre. This limit does not apply for immediate assistance.
§ 3. Ambulatory health service in Finnmark
In the event of journeys to and from regular treatment centres in Finnmark the local authority may in special cases cover travel expenses and accommodation for chiropractors, physiotherapists who specialise in manual therapy and physiotherapists who specialise in psychomotor treatment (Ambulatory health service). Cover for expenses are normally only granted to practitioners who reside in Troms County. If there is a lack of practitioners in this region, the local authority may however approve cover of expenses to be granted to practitioners who are resident elsewhere.
Cover for expenditure may only be granted if the Ambulatory health service is approved and organised by the local authority.
Travel expenses for treatment of patients admitted to hospital is not covered. Nor will cover be granted for expenses of other staff or for lease of premises etc.
A promise to cover expenses may be withdrawn with one month’s notice.
§ 4. Calculation of cover of transport costs
Only the cost of the cheapest mode of transport will be covered. If, due to special circumstances, the person performing the examination or treatment has incurred higher essential costs, the costs may be covered on presentation of invoice.
The cover for expenses is calculated on the basis of the « Scale for domestic journeys on behalf of the State ».
If the practitioner uses his/her own transport the calculation is based on the number of kilometres travelled. In the calculation of the distance the total number of kilometres from the outward and return journeys is rounded off to the nearest number of full kilometres. The distance is calculated from the office (residence) of the person performing the examination or treatment. If the journey commences at a temporary place of residence, the distance will be calculated from there, if the distance from there to the patient is shorter.
If the person concerned is called out during a journey, the compensation is only calculated for the extra distance which has to be travelled to reach the patient
If the examination or treatment takes place during a regular working day journey, the distance is only calculated for the number of kilometres which the person in question travels additionally for the examination or treatment.
§ 5. Fixed transport supplement
If the practice of the person performing the examination or treatment is mainly in a town or within a densely built up area in an urban district, a fixed supplement may be paid instead of the cover for expenses referred to in § 1, cf. § 2. A fixed supplement of this nature can only be calculated if a form of transport is used.
If the conditions for payment of a fixed supplement are met, the person(s) conducting the examination and treatment will agree the amount and specific conditions of the travel supplement with the local authority.
The fixed supplement will lapse if hired forms of transport (taxis) are used and the locally authority has reimbursed the costs
§ 6. Entry into force
The regulation comes into effect on 1. January 2004.
As from the same date the regulation of 11. March 1997 no. 215 concerning support for the cost of travel in connection with journeys to conduct examinations or treatment is revoked.
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Internship (Turnustjeneste):
FOR 2000-‐12-‐21 no 1382: Regulation concerning practical training (internship) for health personnel.
DATE: FOR-‐2000-‐12-‐21-‐1382 DEPARTMENT: HOD Ministry of Health and Care Services DEP/OFFICE: Health Dept. PUBLISHED: In 2000 3097 ENTRY INTO FORCE: 2001-‐01-‐01 LAST AMENDED: FOR-‐2003-‐09-‐01-‐1111 AMENDING: VALID FOR: Norway AUTHORITY: ACT-‐1999-‐07-‐02-‐64-‐§48 CONTENTS
Regulation concerning practical training (internship) for health staff.
Chapter 1. General provisions § 1-‐1. License § 1-‐2. Training at the place allocated
Chapter 2.
Chapter 3. Practical training (internship) to obtain authorisation as a physiotherapist § 3-‐1. Required content of the internship § 3-‐2. Approval of internship place § 3-‐3. Instructions § 3-‐4. Completion of the internship § 3-‐5. Exceptions § 3-‐6. Guidelines
Chapter 4. Practical training (internship) to obtain authorisation as a midwife § 4-‐1. Required content of the internship § 4-‐2. Exceptions for candidates from other countries § 4-‐3. Completion of the internship § 4-‐4. Approval of internship place § 4-‐5. Exceptions § 4-‐6. Guidelines
Chapter 5. Practical training (internship) to obtain authorisation as an prosthetist § 5-‐1. Completion of the internship § 5-‐2. Approval of the internship place § 5-‐3. Required content of the internship § 5-‐4. Assessment § 5-‐5. Relationship with employer § 5-‐6. Exceptions
Chapter 6. Practical training (internship) to obtain authorisation as a chiropractor § 6-‐1. Conditions of authorisation § 6-‐2. Exceptions for candidates from other countries
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Chapter 7. Entry into force, etc.
§ 7-‐1. Entry into force
Regulation concerning practical training (internship) for health personnel.
Laid down by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare 21. December 2000 pursuant to the Act of 2. July 1999 no. 64 concerning health personnel, etc. (Health Personnel Act) § 48 section 2, b. Amended 20 Dec 2001 no. 1549, 1 Sep 2003 no. 1111.
Chapter1. General provisions
§ 1-‐1. License
Health personnel, who have to complete practical training (internship) under this regulation, must have a license (internship license) issued by the Norwegian Directorate of Health and Social Welfare before the training commences. This does not apply to health personnel referred to in Chapter 5.
§ 1-‐2. Training at the place allocated
Unless otherwise provided in this regulation, the training must be completed at the place allocated in order to qualify for approval as practical training (internship).
Chapter 6. Practical training (internship) to obtain authorisation as a chiropractor
§ 6-‐1. Conditions of authorisation
In order to obtain authorisation as a chiropractor the candidate must prove that he/she has completed the practical training specified by the Directorate of Health and Social Welfare.
0 Amended by regulation of 20 Dec 2001 no. 1549 (in force 1 Jan 2002).
§ 6-‐2. Exceptions for candidates from other countries
For candidates from other countries within The European Economic Area (EEA), who meet the conditions for authorisation as a chiropractor under the EEA treaty, authorisation is granted in accordance with the regulation of 21. December 2000 no. 1377 concerning authorisation etc. of health personnel under the EEA treaty.
To: Norwegian Registration Authority for Health Personnel Norwegian Chiropractors Association
Norwegian Board of Health
CIRCULAR IK-‐10/2001 2000/4933 22. Oct. 2001
Guidelines for practical training (internship) for chiropractors
1. Legal basis
As a condition for obtaining authorisation as a chiropractor the candidate must have completed practical training in line with the regulations specifically laid down cf. Health Personnel Act § 48 section 2, b). Specific regulations concerning practical training for chiropractors are stated in the regulation of 21. December 2000 no. 1382 concerning practical training (internship) for health personnel. § 6-‐1 of the regulation states that the candidate”must prove that he/she has completed the practical training specified by the Norwegian Board of Health.” The available guidelines establish specific requirements for the practical training. Candidates from other countries within the EEA who meet the conditions for authorisation as a chiropractor under the EEA treaty are entitled to authorisation without a requirement for practical training cf. Regulation of 21. December 2000 no. 1377 concerning authorisation etc of health personnel under the EEA Treaty.
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2. Requirement of practical training
In order to be granted Norwegian authorisation as a chiropractor, candidates who have passed the chiropractor training accredited by the European Council on Chiropractic Education (ECCE), must complete 12 months practical training. In accordance with the regulation concerning practical training (internship) for health personnel § 1-‐ 2 the training must be completed at the allocated place in order to be approved as practical training. The allocated place in this connection means that the training must be completed under the professional guidance and supervision of authorised chiropractors. The candidates must obtain the training place themselves and provide evidence that the person concerned is given guidance by an authorised chiropractor. The individual may if necessary refer to the Norwegian Chiropractors Association for assistance concerning the training place. The training should in principle be completed in a full time position. The training may exceptionally be completed in a part time position, but not less than 50 % time. The training period must then be extended accordingly. The training may be completed in several training places, but in no more than three places. Training periods of less than two months will not be counted.
3. Specific details regarding the required content of the training
The aim of the practical training is for the candidate, through working as a chiropractor under guidance, to acquire the necessary experience and practical skills to be able to practise independently as a chiropractor in a proper manner. On completion of the practical training the candidate must be able to:
Conduct him/herself appropriately and communicate with patients, relatives and other personnel involved.
Take case notes.
Perform usual clinical investigations.
Conduct or refer to relevant image diagnostic investigations.
Assess and discuss symptoms, differential diagnoses and prognoses.
Schedule further investigations, assess forms of treatment and decide indications and contra-‐indications of this.
Use normal chiropractic methods of treatment.
Carry out necessary and proper chiropractor treatment.
Be familiar with the normal procedures with reference to other parts of the treatment chain.
Give patients and if necessary, relatives, adequate information.
Satisfactorily complete medical records-‐, epicrisis and other documentation work, including use of various current forms, orders and certificates.
Manage problem scenarios which require inter-‐disciplinary contacts in the form of collaboration meetings, and in this connection be familiar with the partners in cooperation in the health service and social insurance office.
The candidate must also demonstrate knowledge of Norwegian health and insurance legislation, for example have completed a course in public health work with the District Medical Officer
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4. License
As stated in the regulation concerning practical training (internship) for health personnel § 1-‐1, chiropractor candidates who are to complete practical training must have a licence (internship licence) before the training commences. Applications for a licence on the established application form are to be sent to: Statens autorisasjonskontor for helsepersonell. Postboks 8053 Dep. 0031 OSLO Confirmation of the training place and instructor must be enclosed with the application.
5. Attestation
The candidate shall demonstrate that the practical training has been completed in accordance with the above requirements. This must be certified by the instructor on a separate form issued by the Statens autorisasjonskontor for helsepersonell (Norwegian Registration Office for Health Personnel).
Aud Nordal e.f Acting Departmental Manager
Lotte Hernæs Senior consultant
Copy: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Church, education and research department District Medical Officers
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Legal regulation of Chiropractors in Sweden.
Chiropractors have been licensed in Sweden since 1989. All authorised health personnel today adhere to one law, The law on patient safety, passed in 2010. The law includes a title protection for chiropractors.
There is no specific law for chiropractic. Chiropractors are primary caregivers, responsible for diagnosis and treatment and should like all other licensed health professionals adhere to evidence based care according to the law.
The law on patient safety:
http://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/index.aspx?nid=3911&bet=2010:659
The National Agency for Health and Social Welfares Directive on patient safety, Patientsäkerhetsförordningen (2010:1369), regulates the required professional qualification for chiropractors. The minimum requirement is a four year degree and one year practical, supervised training according to 4§ chapter 3.
See Patientsäkerhetsförordningen (2010:1369), 3 Kap 4§:
http://www.notisum.se/rnp/sls/lag/20101369.htm
Tobias Lauritsen
President, Swedish Chiropractic Association
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Switzerland
The Chiropractic profession is regulated on a federal and a cantonal level.
Federal legislation
Federal law on education, postgraduate and continuing education and professional activity of the MDs, the dentists, the DCs, the pharmacists and the veterinarians (MedBG/LPMéd).
http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c811_11.html
Chiropractic treatments are reimbursed by the social insurances.
Sickness insurance: http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c832_10.html
Accident insurance http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c832_20.html
Radioprotection: http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c814_50.html
Cantonal legislation
There are 26 cantons, each canton has its own regulation.
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EUROPEAN CHIROPRACTORS’ UNION Constitution
Revised at the General Council Meeting of ECU – November 2010
1. NAME AND OFFICE
The European Chiropractors’ Union (hereinafter referred to as ECU) is a federation of National Chiropractors’ Associations with its office at the address of the Secretariat.
2. OBJECTS AND POWERS a) The ECU is established to promote and develop the profession of chiropractic in Europe. It shall achieve these objects
by promoting and supporting research, education, political representation and dissemination of information. It represents the whole of the chiropractic profession in Europe on a supranational level.
b) In furtherance of the said objects but not otherwise the ECU may: (i) Employ and pay any person or persons to supervise, organise and carry on the work of the ECU. (ii) Meet with representatives of national governments, voluntary organisations, statutory authorities and
individuals with the aim of securing or developing legal recognition for chiropractors as members of a separate, distinct and independent healthcare profession.
(iii) Promote, support or undertake research, surveys or investigations that will advance knowledge and guide the development of the chiropractic profession.
(iv) Arrange and provide for or assist in arranging and providing for the holding of exhibitions, meetings, lectures, classes, seminars and training courses, and to promote and assist in the development of Chiropractic teaching institutions in Europe.
(v) Collect and disseminate information on all matters affecting the said objects and exchange such information with other bodies having similar objects.
(vi) Cause to be produced, published and distributed such materials as shall further the said objects. (vii) Purchase, take, lease, hire or otherwise acquire any property and any rights and privileges necessary for the
promotion of the said objects and construct, maintain and alter any buildings or erections necessary for the work of the ECU.
(viii) Make regulations for any property, which may be so acquired. (ix) Subject to such consents as may be required by law, sell, let, mortgage, dispose of or turn to account all or any of
the property or assets of the ECU. (x) Subject to such consents as may be required by law, borrow or raise money for the said objects and accept gifts
on such terms and on such security as shall be deemed to be necessary. (xi) Raise funds and invite and receive contributions from any person or persons whatsoever by way of subscriptions
and otherwise provided that the ECU shall not undertake permanent trading activities in raising funds for the said objects.
(xii) Invest the monies of the ECU not immediately required for the said objects in or upon such investments, security or property as may be thought fit, subject nevertheless to such conditions as may for the time being be imposed or required by law.
(xiii) Do all such other lawful things as are necessary for the attainment of the said objects.
3. MEMBERSHIP
I) UNION MEMBER
(a) Union Membership is open to one properly-‐constituted national chiropractors’ association per European country. Such associations shall require all full members to be graduates of CCEI-‐accredited chiropractic educational institutions. All Union Members shall have three or more full members who are in residence and practice in that country.
(b) All applications for Full Union membership shall be considered by the General Council on receipt of a valid application by the Executive Secretary. Subject to satisfying all relevant criteria for membership, the Executive Council shall, not less than three months in advance of the next General Council meeting, submit a proposal for Full Union Membership. Approval of applications shall be by simple majority at the General Council meeting thereafter.
(c) Union Membership shall be open to all European nations who fulfil the criteria for membership. These shall include, but not be limited to, those countries who are members of the European Union (EU) and those falling within the European Economic Area (EEA).
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(d) Where the Constitution of any Union Member is amended to permit membership to chiropractors who have qualified from an educational institution not recognised by CCEI or its affiliates, the General Council may request in writing the justification for such amendment and determine whether Union Membership may remain valid in the circumstances.
(e) Each Union Member shall nominate one representative to sit on the General Council.
(f) Each Union Member:
(i) may appoint a maximum of two observers to attend General Council meetings. Such observers shall not be permitted a voice unless explicitly requested by the General Council.
(ii) may request that an additional observer attend if it is relevant to the meeting.
(g) The General Council shall have the right:
(i) To approve and reject applications for membership, and
(ii) For good and sufficient reason to terminate membership of any Union Member provided that the individual representing such Union Member shall have the right to be heard by the full General Council before a final decision is made.
(h) Any member wishing to withdraw from membership must give written notice to the office of the ECU prior to the 30th day of September in any year. Failing such notice the per capita fee for the ensuing year shall become due and payable.
II) ASSOCIATE UNION MEMBER
(a) Membership is open to one properly constituted national chiropractors’ association per country which is not an EU member and is outside the European Economic Area (EEA) that has on its register three or more full members, who are in residence and practice in that country and are graduates of colleges that meet CCEI education criteria. (hereinafter known as Associate Union Member)
(b) Applications for membership will be approved by the General Council by simple majority at the next meeting following receipt of a valid application.
(c) Where the Constitution of any Associate Union Member is amended to permit membership to chiropractors who have qualified from an educational institution not recognised by CCEI or its affiliates, the General Council may request in writing the justification for such amendment and determine whether Associate Union Membership may remain valid in the circumstances.
(d) Each Associate Union Member shall nominate one representative to represent it as an observer at General Council meetings.
(e) Each Associate Union Member:
(i) may appoint a deputy from the Associate Union Member to replace its appointed representative if the latter is unable to attend any particular meeting of the ECU and
(ii) may request to have an observer present.
(f) The General Council shall have the right:
(i) To approve and reject applications for membership, and
(ii) For good and sufficient reason to terminate membership of any Associate Union Member provided that the individual representing such Union Member shall have the right to be heard by the full General Council before a final decision is made.
(g) Any member wishing to withdraw from membership must give written notice to the office of the ECU prior to the 30th day of September in any year. Failing such notice the per capita fee for the ensuing year shall become due and payable.
(h) Associate Union Members may not stand for election to the Executive Council.
(i) Associate Union Members are permitted to speak to agenda items at General Council meetings but have no vote.
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III) INDIVIDUAL CHIROPRACTIC MEMBER
(a) Chiropractors in European countries where there is no Union Member of the ECU, may apply for membership as Individual Chiropractic Members, and shall be accepted as such on providing evidence of professional qualification and ethical standards to the satisfaction of the Executive Council of the ECU.
(b) In the event of a chiropractors’ association being constituted in any country and becoming a Union Member of the ECU, all Individual Chiropractic Members in that country will be required to become members of that national association, and will be ineligible for Individual Chiropractic Membership.
(c) Any chiropractor outside Europe may apply to become an Individual Chiropractic Member of the ECU, provided such chiropractor is able to prove he/she is a member in good standing in his/her State or National Association, should one exist. In cases where no State or National Association exists, the Executive Council shall use its discretion.
(d) Individual Chiropractic Members may not stand for election to the Executive Council.
(e) Individual Chiropractic Members have no vote.
IV) HONORARY MEMBER
(a) The award of Honorary Membership of the ECU may be proposed by the Executive Council and approved by the General Council to those individuals considered to have performed exceptional works on behalf of the ECU. Receipt of Honorary membership shall exempt the Union Member to which the individual belongs from paying the per capita fee for that individual.
(b) Honorary Members may not stand for election to the Executive Council.
(c) Honorary members have no vote.
4. HONORARY OFFICERS
(a) The General Council shall elect and duly appoint all Honorary Officers to an Executive Council. The Executive Council shall consist of a President, First Vice-‐President, Second Vice-‐President, Treasurer and Secretary. Each term of office shall run from the date of the Annual General Meeting until the same meeting two years later. All Honorary Officers shall be eligible for re-‐ election for a second term of office by simple majority. Candidates seeking further terms of office shall be required to secure a 75% majority of those present and entitled to vote.
(b) Elections for the offices of President, Second Vice-‐President and Treasurer shall take place on alternate years to the elections for the offices of First Vice-‐President and Secretary.
(c) In the event of any vacancy arising on the Executive Council outside of the periods of election, the Executive Council shall have the power to co-‐opt members, as they see fit, for the remainder of the term of office or until the following Annual General Meeting, whichever is sooner.
(d) At the natural completion of his term of office, the President shall remain on the Executive Council in the office of Immediate Past President until the next regular meeting of the General Council.
(e) (i) Only full members of Union Members shall be eligible to serve as Honorary Officers or members of the General
Council. Nominations for Honorary Officers must be made by members of the General Council in writing or via e-‐mail and must be received at the ECU office at least six weeks before the Annual General Council Meeting.
(ii) Should nominations exceed vacancies, election shall be by ballot.
(iii) There must be a secret ballot for each vacant post.
(iv) election is by a simple majority.
(v) In the case of three or more nominations for one office, the nominee securing the least votes from each round of voting shall be eliminated until only two nominees remain. Election shall then be according to a simple majority, unless one of the nominees is seeking a third term of office, whereby clause 4(a) shall be invoked. In
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the event that the nominee seeking a third term of office fails to achieve 75% of the votes cast in an election between two nominees, he shall be eliminated from the ballot. Where the remaining candidate does not achieve 51% in that same ballot, a further, final ballot shall be held in which he must achieve a simple majority of the votes cast. Failure to do so will render the election null and void and a further election will be called for the next regular General Council meeting.
(vi) In the event of a tied election where only two nominees remain, the Executive Council shall adjourn to determine a casting vote.
5. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
(a) Subject as hereinafter mentioned the policy and general management of the affairs of the ECU shall be directed by an Executive Council which shall meet not less than twice a year.
(b) The members of the Executive Council shall be elected at the Annual General Council Meeting of the ECU in accordance with Clause 4.
(c) The Executive Council shall appoint an Executive Secretary and when required an Executive Administrator.
(d) The Executive Secretary must request nominations from the General Council for the posts of Officers and circulate them with the agenda one month before elections.
(e) Where any member of the Executive Council wishes to resign from office, his resignation must be submitted in writing to the Executive Secretary. Once accepted by the Executive Council, it shall not be possible to rescind this resignation.
(f) The Executive Council shall appoint a Remuneration Committee which shall determine the remuneration of the President, Executive Secretary and any other member of staff who shall from time to time be appointed by the Executive Council. It shall also recommend to the Executive Council a policy for the payment of Expenses and any other Honoraria to any other member of Executive Council or any other individual undertaking work on behalf of the ECU.
(g) The proceedings of the Executive Council shall not be invalidated by any failure to elect or any defect in the election, appointment, co-‐option or qualification of any member.
(h) The Executive Council may appoint such special or standing committees as may be deemed necessary by the Executive Council and shall determine their terms of reference, powers, duration and composition. All acts and proceedings of such special or standing committees shall be reported back to the Executive Council as soon as possible.
(i) The Executive Council shall perform its duties in accordance with policies laid down by the General Council. Any policy decisions made by the Executive Council shall be subject to ratification by simple majority at the following General Council meeting.
6. MEETINGS OF THE ECU
(a) Annual General Meetings of the General Council shall be held at such place and time (not being more than 15 months following the preceding Annual General Meeting) as the Executive Council shall determine. At least 4 months’ notice shall be given in writing to Union Members and Associate Union Members by the Executive Secretary.
(b) An Extraordinary General Council Meeting may be called at any other time by the Executive Council at its discretion or by the General Council after providing six or more signatories of Union Members calling for such a meeting. The Executive Secretary shall, within 28 days, call an Extraordinary General Council Meeting of the ECU.
(c) Any decision of the General Council may be objected to by a Union Member not represented at the meeting at which the decision was taken. Any objection shall be made within one month of receipt of the related Minutes. The Union Member must accept the majority decision pertaining to the matter at the following meeting of General Council.
7. RULES OF PROCEDURE AT ALL MEETINGS
(a) Minutes of all General Council, Executive Council and sub-‐committee meetings shall be kept. The Executive Secretary shall be responsible for the accurate recording of all proceedings and resolutions.
(b) Save as otherwise herein provided, all questions arising at any meeting shall be decided by a simple majority of those present and entitled to vote. In the case of a tied vote, the Executive Council shall adjourn and determine a casting vote.
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(c) Minutes of all General Council, Executive Council and sub-‐committee meetings shall be kept. The Executive Secretary shall be responsible for the accurate recording of all proceedings and resolutions.
(d) Standing Orders and Rules -‐ The Executive Council shall have power to adopt and issue standing orders and/or Rules of the ECU. Such Standing Orders and/or Rules shall come into operation immediately provided always that they shall be subject to review by the ECU in General Council meetings and shall not be inconsistent with the provision of this Constitution.
(e) In decisions relating to political, professional or electoral issues each Union Member representative disposes of one vote.
(f) In decisions relating to financial issues each Union Member representative disposes the following votes dependent on membership numbers:
Number of members Votes
3 -‐ 30 1
31 -‐ 60 2
61 -‐ 120 3
121 -‐ 200 4
201 -‐ 300 5
301 -‐ 400 6
401 -‐ 500 7
501 -‐ 600 8
601 -‐ 700 9
701 -‐ 800 10
An additional vote would be added for each 100 members to a maximum of no more than one-‐third of total votes available.
(g) Any country which is the subject of a financial proposal is excluded from voting on that issue.
(h) Union Members shall submit notification of membership numbers to the Treasurer who will determine Union Member dues accordingly. Votes on financial issues shall be determined by reference to membership numbers and dues paid.
(i) Financial proposals for the agenda must be submitted by the Union Member in writing or by email three months in advance of the meeting.
(j) All other proposals for the agenda must be submitted by the Union Member in writing or by e-‐mail to the Executive Secretary six weeks prior to the General Council meeting.
8. FINANCE
(a) All monies raised by or on behalf of the ECU shall be applied to further the objects of the Association and for no other purpose, provided that nothing herein contained shall prevent the payment in good faith of reasonable and proper remuneration to any employee of the ECU or the repayment to members of the Executive Council or of any committee appointed under Clause 5(h) of reasonable out-‐of-‐pocket expenses.
(b) The Honorary Treasurer shall keep proper accounts of the finances of the ECU.
(c) The accounts shall be audited at least once a year by the auditor or auditors appointed at the Annual General Council Meeting. An Honorary Officer is not eligible to act as an Auditor.
(d) The Remuneration Committee shall determine the remuneration of the auditors.
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(e) A bank account shall be maintained in the name of the ECU with such bank, as the Executive Council shall from time to time decide.
(f) The Executive Council shall have the power to appoint trustees, when and where necessary in countries where ECU funds have accumulated. Three trustees shall be appointed, two to form a quorum. They shall invest the ordinary and special funds of the ECU in any of the stocks or securities authorised by law for the investment of trust funds in such manner, as the Executive Council shall from time to time direct.
(g) The title to all real or personal property which may be acquired by or on behalf of the ECU shall be vested in a corporation lawfully entitled to act as Custodian Trustee or in not less than three or more than five individual persons (not being members of the Executive Council).
9. ALTERATIONS TO THE CONSTITUTION
(a) Any alteration of this Constitution shall be determined by a two-‐thirds majority of the General Council present and voting at the next General Council meeting.
(b) Notice of any proposed alteration to this Constitution must be received by the Executive Secretary in writing at least three months before the General Council meeting and submitted to the Union Members two months before such meeting.
10. DISSOLUTION
(a) If the Executive Council by a simple majority decides at any time that it is necessary or advisable to dissolve the ECU, it shall call an extraordinary General Council meeting, of which meeting not less than 28 days’ notice stating the terms of the Resolution to be proposed threat shall be given. If such decision shall be confirmed by a two-‐thirds majority of those present and voting at such meeting the Executive Council shall have power to dispose of any assets held by or on behalf of the ECU. Any assets remaining after the satisfaction of any proper debts and liabilities shall be given or transferred to the Union Members in proportion to their membership.
11. NOTICES
(a) Any notice may be served by the Secretary on any Union Member either personally or on its appointed representative as the case may be, by e-‐ mail, or by sending it through the post in a pre-‐paid letter addressed to such Union Member at its last known address, and any letter so sent shall be deemed to have been received within ten days of posting.
ECU CONSTITUTION updated 27 November 2010
Previously Updated 2nd January 1996, 17th January 1997, 8th August 2000, 23rd June 2003,
16th December 2003, 27th May 2004, 3rd March 2006, 31st May 2008 & 30th May 2009
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EUROPEAN COUNCIL ON CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION CONSTITUTION
Revision Start Date: March 2004
Revision Complete Date: November 2004
Back Translation to English: Complete Date: September 2005
Version 2.1: November 2006
Version 2.2: November 2009
ECCE CONSTITUTION
CONTENTS
1 TITLE AND REGISTERED OFFICE
2 PURPOSE
3 MEMBERSHIP
4 TERM, COMMENCEMENT AND LOSS OF MEMBERSHIP
5 BODIES OF THE ECCE
6 ATTENDANCE BY INSTITUTIONS WITH CANDIDATE (for ACCREDITED) STATUS
7 OBSERVERS
8 THE COUNCIL
9 THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
10 STANDING COMMITTEES
10.1 Commission on Accreditation
10.2 Quality Assurance Committee
11 FINANCE
12 INDEMNIFICATION
13 AMENDMENTS
14 DISSOLUTION
15 INTERPRETATION
VERSION 2.2
Adopted Council 7 NOVEMBER 2009
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ECCE CONSTITUTION
1 TITLE AND REGISTERED OFFICE
The title of the organisation shall be: “THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL ON CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION” hereafter referred to as “the Council”. The Council's registered office is in Aachen, Germany. It is registered at the Register of Associations (Vereinsregister 73 VR 2732) of the Local Court (Amtsgericht) Aachen and bears the affix "e.V."
2 PURPOSE
The European Council on Chiropractic Education (ECCE) (the Council) is an organisation created to pursue the following objectives:
2.1. To encourage the highest possible standards in chiropractic education and training. 2.2 To establish standards of excellence for the education and training of chiropractors as safe and competent primary
contact practitioners. 2.3 To foster academic environments in which ethically and professionally responsible future practitioners of
chiropractic can be educated and trained. 2.4 To evaluate and accredit chiropractic institutions (and/or chiropractic educational programmes) according to, and
against, a pre-‐determined and evolving set of procedures and Standards. 2.5 To publish a list of those institutions that deliver programmes in compliance with the Council’s procedures and
Standards. 2.6 To ensure that institutions holding Accredited status with the Council are comparable in their educational
programmes in achieving the core competencies. 2.7 To actively seek recognition of the Council as the policy-‐making body for chiropractic education and training by all
relevant authorities whether independent, national or international. 2.8 To develop equivalent accreditation agreements where appropriate with other co-‐ operating accreditation bodies. 2.9 The Council exclusively and directly pursues non-‐profit objectives in accordance with the Section "Tax-‐deductible
objectives" of the German tax regulations. 2.10 The Council is engaged altruistically. It does not pursue any own profit-‐making goals. The funds of the Council shall be spent in accordance with the Constitution only. The members shall not receive
allocations from the Council's funds. Expenditure and remunerations must not exceed the costs actually incurred. They shall be documented by the Council's accounting records. No person shall benefit from expenditure which are alien to the purpose of the Council.
3 MEMBERSHIP 3.1 The members of the Council shall comply with the Requirements of Membership(refer to 3.3 to 3.6 inclusive), and
consist of: 3.1.1 Four (4) members nominated by the European Chiropractors’ Union (ECU) and elected by the Council. 3.1.2 One (1) member who is a member of the ECU Executive, nominated by the ECU Executive and elected by the
Council 3.1.3 One (1) member who is a chiropractor, citizen and resident of the country where the Council is registered,
nominated and elected by the Council.
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3.1.4 Two (2) members who are educationalists and who are NOT chiropractors nominated by the Executive Committee and elected by the Council.
3.1.5 Two (2) members who are chiropractors nominated by the Executive Committee and elected by the Council. 3.1.6 Institutional members are members that have been accredited by the ECCE. The Commission on Accreditation
decides on the admission of such members. Each institution member is represented by one person who is authorized to speak and vote on its behalf
3.1.7 Two (2) members nominated by the institutional members (3.1.6) from the teaching or administrative staff of the
member institutions (but not more than one of those two members from any one institution) and elected by the Council.
3.1.8 Up to Two (2) members who are nominated by the Executive Committee and elected by the Council. 3.2 Vacancies: 3.2.1 Vacancies occurring in the membership of the Council shall be filled by the constituency in which the vacancy
occurs. The new member shall be elected by the Council as a new member in line with section 4. 3.2.2 There is no obligation to fill vacancies in the membership. 3.3 Requirements for ALL members of the Council: Members of the Council must: 3.3.1 Uphold the Constitution, educational Standards, procedures and policies adopted in accordance with the
Constitution. 3.3.2 Understand, accept and be bound by all aspects of confidentiality during and after elected periods. 3.3.3 Have the will and ability to devote the time necessary to the Council’s activities. 3.3.4 NOT be acting in an executive capacity in a national professional chiropractic organisation/association or in the
ECU (with the exception of 3.1.2). 3.3.5 NOT engage in activities which constitute a conflict of interest with the Council’s affairs. 3.3.6 NOT represent themselves as spokespersons for the Council without the express authorisation of the President
and/or the Executive Committee. 3.4 Requirements for chiropractic members of the Council: In addition to the requirements under 3.3, chiropractic members of the Council must have: 3.4.1 A total of five years full-‐time practice of chiropractic and/or teaching practice in a chiropractic institution. 3.4.2 Demonstrated a record of professional accomplishment. 3.5 Requirements for members of the Council who are NOT chiropractors: In addition to the requirements under 3.3, members of the Council who are NOT chiropractors must have: 3.5.1 Demonstrated an interest in chiropractic education and/or health care. 3.5.2 Have experience in academic and/or accreditation procedures. 3.6 Special Requirements for ECU nominated members (3.1.1.)
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In addition to the requirements under 3.3 and 3.4, members nominated by the ECU must comply with ALL of the following: 3.6.1 Be members of the chiropractic profession. 3.6.2 NOT be voting members of a governing body (or equivalent) of a chiropractic education institution. 3.6.3 NOT be members of staff of a chiropractic education institution. 4 TERM, COMMENCEMENT AND LOSS OF MEMBERSHIP 4.1 Term and Commencement 4.1.1 For members pursuant to sections 3.1.1, 3.1.4, 3.1.5, 3.1.7 and 3.1.8 membership shall be limited to a period of
four years commencing on the first day of January following the annual meeting of the Council. Membership may be prolonged for a consecutive period of four years if the member is re-‐nominated by his/her constituency and re-‐elected by the Council.
4.1.2 Membership of the members pursuant to sections 3.1.2, 3.1.3 and 3.1.6 shall be for an indefinite period of time. 4.1.3 All nominations for membership to the Council must be received (by the Executive Secretary) at least 35 days prior
to an election by the Council. 4.2 Loss of membership. Membership may be terminated as follows: 4.2.1 The member declares his/her resignation, which is possible without observing any period of notice. 4.2.2 Members with unlimited membership lose their membership if their constituency rescinds or withdraws the
nomination. 4.2.3 Members of the ECU (3.1.1) lose their membership if they cease to fulfil one or more of the requirements set forth
in section 3.6. 4.2.4 In addition, a member may be excluded if the further requirements set forth in section 3.3 through 3.6 inclusive of
the Constitution are no longer complied with and/or a member infringes the purpose of the ECCE (see section 2). The exclusion shall be decided upon by the Council.
5 BODIES OF THE ECCE 5.1 The bodies of the ECCE are: 5.1.1 the Council; 5.1.2 the Executive Committee; 5.1.3 the Commission on Accreditation; 5.1.4 the Quality Assurance Committee. 5.2 The Executive (Committee) as defined by § 26 German Civil Code consists of the President, the Vice-‐President and
the Secretary/Treasurer. The ECCE shall be represented by two members of the Executive Committee in legal and out of court proceedings;
one of the said members shall be the President or the Vice-‐ President. 6 ATTENDANCE BY INSTITUTIONS WITH CANDIDATE (for ACCREDITED) STATUS One official representative appointed by each institution holding Candidate (for Accredited) status with the
Council will have the right to attend and speak at Council meetings without voting rights.
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7 OBSERVERS 7.1 The following categories of Observer may be invited at the discretion of the Executive Committee to attend but
not vote at Council meetings: 7.1.1 State licensing authorities or national or international regulatory authorities dealing with chiropractic education in
Europe. 7.1.2 Institutions with whom there has been recent and substantial dialogue regarding application for (Candidate for)
Accredited status. 7.1.3 Members of other Councils on Chiropractic Education (CCEs) worldwide including the Council on Chiropractic
Education International (CCEI). 8 THE COUNCIL The Council is the supreme decision-‐making authority of the ECCE. 8.1 Regular meetings shall be held at least once a year at such times (normally in October or November) and in such
places as determined by the Executive Committee. 8.2 Special meetings may be called by the President, or his/her duly appointed designee (in writing) upon the written
request of a one-‐third majority of the membership of the Council (excluding vacancies). 8.3 All Council meetings shall be convened by the Executive Committee with at least thirty (30) days’ notice in writing,
including the agenda and supporting papers. 8.4 Quorum: Two-‐thirds of the membership of the Council (excluding vacancies) shall form a quorum. In cases where a
quorum is not formed, the meeting will continue and make recommendations but not decisions. Decisions arising from the meeting shall be taken either at the next meeting or by postal/teleconference voting.
8.5 Majority vote. In all matters (with the exception of Amendments (13) and Dissolution (14)) a motion is carried by a
simple majority of those members present at the Council meeting with a show of hands or by secret ballot as decided by the Council. Postal votes or voting by proxy is NOT allowed.
8.6 A conflict of interest on the part of a member in any matter under discussion must be declared by the said
member either before or during the meeting. In all cases, the member will be excluded from the meeting for the said matter.
A perceived conflict of interest of any member in any matter under discussion can also be raised by any member
of the Council either before or during the meeting. If this objection is supported by a simple majority vote, then the said member will be excluded from the meeting for the said matter.
8.7 Consent to action without meeting: Exceptionally, action may be taken in writing without a meeting if the action
to be taken is agreed in writing by a two-‐thirds majority of the membership of the Council (excluding vacancies). The written procedure shall be as follows:
The period of time granted to the members for reflection shall be four weeks. This time-‐limit commences with the announcement (receipt) of the action to be decided upon. The written votes must be received at the end of the day on which the period of reflection expires. The written votes shall be counted and the result announced by the Executive Secretary. Amendments of the Constitution (13) and Dissolution of the Council (14) cannot be decided without a meeting of the Council.
8.8 Executive Secretary: The Council shall be serviced in its business by the Executive Secretary who is in attendance at
meetings without voting rights.
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8.9 All members shall have full voting rights. 8.10 At all Council meetings a chair must be elected by a simple majority of those present at the meeting. The minutes
of the meeting shall be signed by the chair and the Secretary/Treasurer or the delegated authority taking the minutes.
9 THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 9.1 Membership of the Executive Committee SHALL BE NOMINATED AND ELECTED FROM THE MEMBERS OF THE
COUNCIL.THE LOSS OF MEMBERSHIP OF THE COUNCIL SHALL ALWAYS LEAD TO DISMISSAL FROM THE OFFICE OF MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
They are: • President • Vice-‐President • Secretary/Treasurer • Chair of the Commission on Accreditation (CoA) • Chair Quality Assurance Committee (QAC) 9.1.1 The Chair of the Commission on Accreditation is not elected by the Council. He/She is nominated and elected by the members of the Commission on Accreditation (section 10.1) and
appointed member of the Executive Committee. His/Her office shall end when he/she ceases to be Chair of the COA or in the event of his/her dismissal by the COA. The Chair of the COA cannot be dismissed by the Council.
9.1.2 In the event that the Chair of the COA resigns or is dismissed, the Vice-‐Chair of the COA shall act as interim
member of the Executive Committee until a new Chair of the COA is elected. 9.1.3 In the event that the Chair of the QAC resigns or is dismissed, a member of the QAC nominated by the QAC shall
act as interim member of the Executive Committee until a new Chair of the QAC is elected by the Council. 9.2 Elections and Terms of Office 9.2.1 The members of the Executive Committee (with the exception of the Secretary/Treasurer and the Immediate Past
President) shall be elected to serve for a period of four years. The elections shall take place at the annual Council meeting (normally held in October or November). The President and Vice-‐ President may seek re-‐election for one further period of four years.
9.2.2 The Secretary/Treasurer is nominated and elected annually by the Council and has a fixed term of office of one
year. 9.2.3 The term of office shall begin on the first day of January following election. 9.3 Dismissal Any member of the Executive Committee may be dismissed for whatever reason by a two-‐thirds majority vote of
those members present at the meeting of the Council. The dismissal without meeting (postal votes (8.7)) is not allowed. This does not apply to the Chair of the CoA who cannot be dismissed by the membership of the Council (ref. 9.1.1)
9.4 Vacancies A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, or due to loss of membership for any other reason shall be
filled by an appointee of the Executive Committee until the next annual meeting of the Council. 9.5 Office of President 9.5.1 The President shall be the Principal Officer of the Council and subject to its control.
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9.5.2 In general, he/she shall perform all duties appropriate to the office of President, and such other duties as may be prescribed to him/her by the Council from time to time, and under the supervision and control of the Council.
9.6 Office of Vice-‐President 9.6.1 In general, he/she shall perform all duties appropriate to the office of Vice-‐ President and have such other duties
and exercise such authority as from time to time may be delegated or assigned to him/her by the President or by the Council.
9.6.2 In the absence of the President, or in the event of his/her inability to act, or in the event that for any reason it
would be impractical/inappropriate for the President to act, the Vice-‐President shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the President.
9.7 Office of Secretary/Treasurer The Secretary/Treasurer shall: 9.7.1 Keep the Minutes of the meetings of the Council. 9.7.2 Ensure that the members of the Council are appropriately notified of meetings. 9.7.3 Have charge and custody of, and be responsible for, all funds of the Council. 9.7.4 Receive and give receipts for fees and dues payable to the Council from any source whatsoever and deposit all
such funds in the name of the Council in whatever Bank, Trust Company or depository the Council shall elect. 9.7.5 In general, perform all duties appropriate to the office of Secretary/Treasurer and have such other duties and
exercise such authority as from time to time may be delegated or assigned to him/her by the President or by the Council.
9.8 The Immediate Past President 9.8.1 The Immediate Past President shall act in a consultative role (without voting rights) to the Executive Committee
and may attend all meetings of the Executive Committee. 9.8.2 He/she will serve in this function for one calendar year immediately following the end of his/her period as
President. 9.9 The Executive Committee shall have the right to delegate representation tasks to the Executive Secretary, who, in
turn, shall be authorized to represent the ECCE in accordance with the respective powers of attorney granted to him.
9.10 The Executive Committee shall be responsible for:
• Day-‐to day administration of the Council. • Appointment of Evaluation Teams. • Correspondence with CCEI and other CCEs. • Appointment of a representative(s) to the CCEI (who may or may not be a member of the Council). • Administering initial contacts with institutions prior to application for (Candidate for) Accredited status. • Dealing with all queries (other than those under the jurisdiction of the Commission on Accreditation) directed
to the Council. • Invitation of Observers to meetings of the Council (7). • Production of financial statements and budgets for approval by the Council. • Production of the Financial Policy to include annual dues and accreditation fees for approval by the Council. • Production of an Annual Report on the activities of the Council (ECCE).
9.11 The President shall be the Chair of the Executive Committee and have a casting vote when appropriate.
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9.12 The Executive Committee will normally meet three times a year. 9.13 Minutes of all Executive Committee meetings shall be submitted to the annual Council meeting. 10 STANDING COMMITTEES Committees of the Council shall conduct their business in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Council
(8.The Council). Members of the Committees of the Council SHALL BE NOMINATED AND ELECTED FROM THE MEMBERS OF THE
COUNCIL. THE LOSS OF MEMBERSHIP OF THE COUNCIL SHALL ALWAYS LEAD TO DISMISSAL FROM THE COMMITTEES OF THE COUNCIL.
There are two (2) standing committees of the Council. They are: 10.1 Commission on Accreditation The COA is responsible for the process and decisions of accreditation of chiropractic institutions according to the
Council’s accreditation policies, procedures and educational Standards. 10.1.1 Membership 10.1.1.1 Its membership consists of a minimum of five (5) members. 10.1.1.2 The following Council members are NOT eligible for membership on the COA:
• Institutional members (3.1.6) • Member of the ECU Executive (3.1.2).
10.1.1.3 Members are elected to the COA by the Council for a period of three (3) years and thereafter for one further
period of three (3) years. 10.1.1.4 Members’ terms of office shall begin on the first day of January following the election. 10.1.1.5 The President of the Council is an ex-‐officio member of the COA (no voting rights). 10.1.2 The Officers of the COA are:
• Chair • Vice-‐Chair
10.1.2.1 The Officers of the COA shall be elected annually by and from its membership at the annual meeting of the COA. 10.1.2.2 The Chair and Vice-‐Chair shall perform all duties appropriate to their respective offices and such other duties as
may be prescribed from time to time by the COA and by the Council. 10.1.2.3 The Chair of the COA shall have a casting vote when appropriate. 10.1.2.4. The Chair of the COA or his/her duly appointed designee, in writing, shall be the official spokesperson for the COA. 10.1.3 Requirements for ALL Members of the COA Members of the COA must: 10.1.3.1 Have the will and ability to devote the time necessary to the COA activities. 10.1.3.2 Not engage in activities that constitute a conflict of interest with the affairs of the COA. 10.1.3.3 Not represent themselves as spokespersons for the COA without the express authorisation of the Chair. 10.1.3.4 Sign a Declaration of Confidentiality covering all matters of the COA.
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10.1.4 Duties and Responsibilities 10.1.4.1 The COA is responsible for all matters (including all correspondence) pertaining to the accreditation of chiropractic
institutions and providing a list of institutions with Accredited status to the Council. 10.1.4.2 The COA shall apply and follow the Standards and procedures set forth in the current Council’s publication entitled
“Accreditation Procedures and Standards for Chiropractic Education” and in such documents and regulations which may be adopted by the Council.
10.1.4.3. The COA shall be responsible for all decisions on granting, revoking or refusing of any status of accreditation to an
institution. 10.1.4.4. The COA shall be responsible for receipt and approval of Annual Monitoring Reports from the institutions in line
with relevant policies and procedures. 10.1.5 Meetings 10.1.5.1 Regular Meetings shall normally be held at least once a year and normally in conjunction with meetings held by
the Council and/or the Executive Committee. 10.1.5.2 Special Meetings may be called by the Chair of the COA and/or upon the written request of a one-‐third majority of
the membership of the COA. 10.1.5.3 The time and place for holding meetings shall be determined by the Chair and notified to members at least 30
(thirty) days beforehand. 10.1.5.4 Minutes/notes of all COA meetings are for distribution to members of the COA only. 10.2 Quality Assurance Committee 10.2.1 Membership 10.2.1.1 Membership consists of a minimum of three (3) members. 10.2.1.2 Members are elected to the QAC by the Council for a period of three (3) years and thereafter for one further period
of three (3) years. 10.2.1.3 Members’ terms of office shall begin on the first day of January following the election. 10.2.1.4 A member of the QAC is nominated and elected as Chair of the QAC by the Council. 10.2.1.5 The Chair is elected for a period of three (3) years, and thereafter for one further period of three (3) years. 10.2.2 Duties and Responsibilities The QAC is responsible for continual review and evaluation of the Council’s policies and procedures, the
Constitution and the Council’s publication entitled “Accreditation Procedures and Standards for Chiropractic Education” and such other documents and regulations that may be adopted by the Council.
10.2.3 Meetings 10.2.3.1 Meetings shall normally be held once a year and/or as directed by the Executive Committee. 10.2.3.2 Minutes and/or Recommendations of all QAC meetings shall be submitted to the annual Council meeting.
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11 FINANCE 11.1 The Council may be supported financially by:
• The European chiropractic profession. • The status-‐holding institutions paying accreditation fees and annual dues according to the Financial Policy of
the Council • Donations • Public funding
11.2 The on-‐going budget will be approved by the Council. Furthermore, the Council will adopt a “Financial Policy for Dues and Fees” setting forth the respective contribution for the members.
11.3 The fiscal year will be the calendar year. 11.4. The Executive Committee will appoint professional accountants domiciled in the country of residence of the
Secretary/Treasurer to audit the accounts. 11.5 Loans No indebtedness shall be contracted on behalf of the ECCE unless this has been approved by the Council. The
approval may be general or limited to specific instances. 12 INDEMNIFICATION The liability of members of the Council, the Executive Committee and/or employees and/or agents of the Council
or the Commission on Accreditation shall be limited to damage caused by deliberate acts. In this respect, the Council shall waive any claim of recourse vis-‐à-‐vis the aforementioned persons even in the event of a claim being asserted against the Council. The members of the Executive Committee and/or employees and/or agents shall be indemnified in this respect.
13 AMENDMENTS This Constitution may be altered, amended or repealed, and new bylaws may be adopted, by the Council by
affirmative vote of three-‐quarters of those members present at the meeting at any regular or special meeting. 14 DISSOLUTION 14.1 If and when the Council shall realise that it is not in a position to fulfil its purpose, dissolution of the organisation
may be considered. 14.2 Dissolution shall result from a three-‐quarters affirmative vote of those members present at the meeting. 14.3 Upon dissolution of the ECCE, the assets shall be used for tax-‐privileged purposes. Resolutions concerning the
future use of the assets may only be carried out with the consent of the Local Tax Office. 15 INTERPRETATION The final authority on interpretation of the Constitution, and of the Council’s policies and procedures, of the
publication entitled “Accreditation Procedures and Standards for Chiropractic Education” and of such documents and regulations that may be adopted by the Council, is the Council.
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BYLAWS OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF CHIROPRACTIC (November 2011) Article I
1. Name and Office Name The committee, which represents the academic arm of the European Chiropractors’ Union, shall be known as the
European Academy of Chiropractic (hereinafter referred to as the EAC).
2. Principal office and other offices For all correspondence, the EAC shall utilise a nominated address of the Secretary General. The EAC shall maintain
other office accommodation as may be designated by the Governing Council. Article II Mission and Objectives Mission The EAC exists to (a) facilitate the delivery of postgraduate education (i.e. Graduate Education Programmes and
continuing professional development); and (b) to promote and develop research and researchers in Europe. It will achieve its aims by exposing chiropractors to current best practice, by stimulating reflective learning and by acting as a conduit for research activity. This will help facilitate the delivery of safe, evidence-‐informed, optimum standards of care and will positively impact on patients and healthcare in society.
Objectives The objectives of the EAC shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
1. To develop, through lifelong learning, the key competencies of: expert performance; communication; collaboration; enhanced knowledge through scholarly enquiry; community awareness; patient management skills; and ethical professionalism.
2. To provide and coordinate access to high quality sources of knowledge and skills. 3. To encourage and actively support the acquisition by chiropractors of higher level postgraduate qualifications and
EAC Fellowship awards. 4. To facilitate the formation and development of Graduate Education Programmes (GEP) by national associations. 5. To provide a platform to bring together parties with a diversity of experience and expertise to enable the sharing
of best practice. 6. To raise quality standards across the profession and enhance chiropractic’s contribution to a healthier society by
facilitating a collaboration of European national chiropractic associations, educational institutions, researchers and postgraduate educational providers.
7. To promote chiropractic research and researchers. Article III Governing Council The Governing Council (GC) shall have overall responsibility for the business affairs of the EAC, including matters
relating to general policy, contracts and activities relating to the furtherance of its stated objectives. It shall also from time to time establish rules and procedures to be implemented within the GC or any of its sub-‐committees as may be consistent with the stated objectives of the EAC.
The Governing Council shall consist of seven members. All members of the GC shall act independently of any other
affiliations or memberships of other organisations. The membership of the GC shall comprise the following offices:
• Dean • Registrar • Secretary General (who shall be the ECU General Secretary) • Director of Academic Affairs
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• Chair of the ECU Research Council • ECU President • ECU Convention Director
No member of the GC shall hold more than one GC office at any time. Members of the GC shall serve a term of office of two years. Members of the GC may serve up to three
consecutive terms of office. Terms of office shall be ratified by the ECU General Council. Where a vacancy should arise on the GC outside of the normal periods of election, the GC shall be empowered to
co-‐opt any person it considers well-‐qualified to fill the office until the next period of election. Outside the regular periods of election, a GC member may be removed from office by a two-‐ thirds majority of the
GC at any Regular or Extraordinary meeting at which a quorum of the GC is present. In such circumstances, a member shall, no less than 28 days before the date of the meeting, be provided with a notice setting out the reasons for the proposal removal from office and inviting the member to attend the meeting and/or be represented.
The GC shall from time to time determine the qualifications and duties of its members and shall publish these on
its website. The GC shall be provided with an Administrator, appointed and employed by the ECU, whose duties shall be
determined by the GC. The EAC Administrator should be present at Regular or Extraordinary meetings of the GC but shall not have voting rights.
Article IV
o Meetings of the EAC Governing Council
o Regular meetings of the GC shall be held at least once a year, where possible to coincide with scheduled meetings of the ECU General Council. The Annual General Meeting of the EAC GC shall be held during the ECU Convention.
o Notice of regular GC meetings shall be given at least 12 weeks before the date of the meetings. An agenda shall be circulated at least 21 days prior to the meeting and shall be provided to all GC members.
o Extraordinary meetings of the GC may be conducted outside the normal scheduled meeting times and shall
be convened at the request of the Dean or by three or more members of the GC. Requests for Extraordinary meetings should be received by the Secretary General stating the object of the meeting. GC members shall have a minimum of 14 days’ notice of meeting, which may be conducted electronically or by telephone where possible.
o Meetings of the GC shall be deemed to be quorate where four or more members of the GC. Except as
otherwise provided by these Bylaws or by statute, decisions of quorate GC meetings shall be adopted as if all members were present.
o Extraordinary Meetings of the GC may be convened at any time with the consent of four or more GC
members, two of whom shall be Executive Members. In such cases, the object of the meeting shall be distributed in writing to all members. Such meetings may be conducted in person, electronically or by telephone.
o Voting rights are only permissible to those present at meetings of the GC. Proxy votes are not permitted.
Article V EAC Subcommittees The GC shall have the power to appoint subcommittees for such purposes as it deems necessary to further the
objectives of the EAC, to transact EAC business, or for any purpose that the EAC shall determine from time to time. Standing Committees of the EAC shall include the following:
• Finance Committee • Court of Electors
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Terms of reference and membership of EAC subcommittees shall be published and amended with the agreement of the GC. Article VI Membership Member (MEAC). Upon successful application, full membership of the EAC shall be granted to persons who fulfil any one of the
following criteria: • Full members of ECU Union Members and Associate Members which have collective EAC • membership; • Full members of ECU Union Members and Associate Members which do not have collective EAC membership; • ECU Individual Members • Full time Faculty members of ECCE-‐accredited educational institutions • Fellow (FEAC)
Fellowships of the EAC may be granted to members who can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Court of
Electors that they have excelled in one or more fields of chiropractic. The Court of Electors shall define and publish criteria for EAC Fellowship against which nominations shall be measured.
Founding Fellow. A Fellow (who may not be a chiropractor) who was honoured by invitation when the EAC was established. Founding Fellows retain for life all rights and privileges of
Fellowship and incur no annual fee. They are entitled to use the designation FFEAC. Honorary Fellow. A Fellow who the EAC Academic Board has deemed as having excelled in either their
professional or academic career, or in their work for the EAC. Honorary Fellows shall enjoy such privileges as may be conferred upon them. An Honorary Fellow shall enjoy life membership of the EAC and incur no annual fee. They are entitled to use the designation FEAC (Hon).
Applications for Membership of the EAC may be refused at the discretion of the Governing Council on
recommendation of the Court of Electors. The EAC is not required to give reasons for refusal of membership. Article VII Special Interest Groups Special Interest Groups may be established within the EAC in response to an identified need to advance a specific
area of knowledge, understanding, skills and competency. They may undertake a range of activities consistent with the stated objectives of the EAC.
A Special Interest Group may be formed on submission of a satisfactory written proposal and with the approval of
the GC provided the following criteria are met:
• Members/Fellows should be full members of the EAC; • At least three Fellows shall be members, one of whom shall act as Chair; • An annual statement of activity shall be presented to the GC.
Article VIII Termination of Membership EAC Membership may be terminated by the following means: Resignation Membership of the EAC may be terminated 28 days following receipt of a written statement of resignation. Removal Membership of the EAC may be terminated if a Member/Fellow is removed from the register of chiropractors in
the country where he/she practised and/or; the Member/Fellow’s membership of his/her national association was terminated by reason of conduct or practice.
Failure to pay membership dues Membership of the EAC may be terminated if there is a failure to pay within 60 days of being notified by the
Secretary General arrears that have been outstanding for a period of 12 months or greater.
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Article IX Amendments to Bylaws The EAC may from time to time make, repeal or vary the Bylaws. All Bylaws stated above will be binding to all
Members and Fellows for the time they are in force. The EAC GC may set rules and regulations in relation to specific matters. Rules may relate to policy, procedure,
terms of reference or membership of its committees. Article X Seal The common seal of the EAC shall only be used by the authority of a resolution of the Governing Council or of a
Committee authorised for a purpose by the GC. Every document to which the common seal is attached shall be signed by at least two Fellows, one of whom shall be the Dean, and the Registrar or another person so appointed for that purpose.
Article XI Finances Membership fees shall be reviewed from time to time and be set by the Governing Council. Fees shall be payable
upon receipt of an invoice issued by the EAC. Any Member/Fellow failing to pay fees shall be liable to removal from the Register in accordance with the provisions of Article VIII of these Bylaws.
Accounts The GC shall ensure that proper accounts are maintained and may delegate this task to the Finance Committee.
The Finance Committee shall be chaired by the Dean who shall ensure that the EAC Accounts are accurately maintained.
The accounts shall be audited by externally appointed auditors on a once-‐yearly basis. All audited accounts shall
be available to EAC Members/Fellows for inspection on request. The EAC financial year ends on 31 December. Bank accounts holding funds belonging to the EAC shall be clearly designated as such. Funds in and out of the
account shall be clearly recorded for the purposes of audit and accounting. The Finance Committee shall determine rules regarding signatories and payment authorisation.
Article XII Indemnity All members of the Governing Council, appointed officers, members of EAC Committees, agents or employed
persons of the EAC shall be indemnified from the assets of the EAC against any liability incurred by them whilst acting in their designated capacity when defending any allegation of improper conduct whether civil or criminal, including negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust.
Article XIII Dissolution Upon dissolution of the EAC, and after having discharged all outstanding liabilities to creditors, the Finance
Committee of the GC shall arrange for all funds to be transferred to the ECU.
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Institutions holding Accredited Status with the ECCE This recognizes that an institution meets the Eligibility Criteria for Accredited Status, and delivers education and training in full compliance with the ECCE Standards. Status is granted by the Commission on Accreditation of the European Council on Chiropractic Education. Anglo-‐European College of Chiropractic Kenneth Vall DC, FCC, MA(Ed), FHEA Principal 13-‐15 Parkwood Road Bournemouth Dorset BH5 2DF England, United Kingdom Phone: (+44) 1202 436 200 Fax: (+44) 1202 436 312 E-‐mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.aecc.ac.uk/ Accredited since: 1992 Last review: 2007 Next review: 2012 'AECC Evaluation Team Report 2007' Durban University of Technology Junaid Shaik M.Tech: Chiropractic, MMedSci(SM) Acting Head of Department of Chiropractic and Somatology P.O. Box 1334 Durban 4001 South Africa Phone: (+27) 31 373 2588 Mobile: (+27) 832463562 Fax: (+27) 31 202 3632 E-‐mail: [email protected] Website: www.dut.ac.za Accredited since: 2009 Last review: 2009 Next review: 2012 'DUT Evaluation Team Report 2009'
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Institut Franco-‐Européen de Chiropratique Charles Martin -‐ Directeur 24 Blvd. Paul Vaillant-‐Couturier 94200 Ivry-‐Sur-‐Seine France Phone: (+33) 1 45 15 89 10 Fax: (+33) 1 45 15 89 11 E-‐mail: [email protected] Website: www.ifec.net Accredited since: 1996 Last review: 2009 Next review: 2014 'IFEC Evaluation Team Report 2009' Syddansk Universitet Odense Henrik Hein Lauridsen Ph.D. -‐ Director of Studies Institute of Sports and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 DK-‐5230 Odense M Denmark Email: [email protected] Website: www.sdu.dk/Uddannelse/Fuldtidsstudier/Bachelor/Klinisk_biomekanik.aspx Accredited since: 1999 Last review: 2008 Next review: Spring 2013 'SDU Evaluation Team Report 2008' 'SDU Self Study Report 2008' University of Glamorgan -‐ Welsh Institute of Chiropractic David Byfield DC, BSc, Mphil School of Applied Sciences Pontypridd, Mid Glamorgan CF37 1DL Wales, United Kingdom Phone: (+44) 1443 480 480 Fax: (+44) 1443 482 285 E-‐mail: [email protected] Website: www.glam.ac.uk Accredited since: 2002 Last review: 2010 Next review: Spring 2015 'WIOC Evaluation Team Report 2010'
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University of Johannesburg -‐ Faculty of Health Sciences -‐ Dept. of Chiropractic Dr. Chris Yelverton MTech Chiropractic, ICSSD Head of Department of Chiropractic University of Johannesburg PO Box 524 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Phone: (+27) 11 559 6218 Fax: (+27) 11 559 6117 E-‐mail: [email protected] Website: www.uj.ac.za Accredited since: 2010 Next review: Spring 2013 'UJ Evaluation Team Report 2010' University of Surrey European Institute of Health & Medical Science University of Surrey Stag Hill, Guildford Surrey GU2 5XH England, United Kingdom Accredited for period 2003 -‐ 2006 (Course Closed) Institutions holding Candidate for Accredited Status with the ECCE This recognizes that an institution complies with the Eligibility Criteria for Candidate Status and is working towards full compliance with the ECCE Standards. The maximum period of time that an institution can hold Candidate Status is a total of 5 years. This period of time cannot be either extended or renewed. Candidate Status establishes a formal relationship between the Council and the institution. This route to Accredited Status however, is NOT mandatory. RCU Escorial Maria-‐Cristina Ricardo Fujikawa DC, MD Head of Studies, Chiropractic RCU Escorial Maria-‐Cristina Paseo delos Alamillos 2 E-‐28200 San Lorenzo de El Escorial Madrid Spain Phone: (+39) 918 90 45 45 Ext. 211 E-‐mail: [email protected] Website: www.rcumariacristina.com Candidate Status since: Nov. 2008
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McTimoney College of Chiropractic for its four year integrated Masters in Chiropractic plus Foundation Year programme Professor Christina Cunliffe PhD DC CBiol FIBiol FCC FMCA MCC (Paeds) Principal McTimoney College of Chiropractic Kimber House 1 Kimber Road Abingdon Oxfordshire OX14 1BZ England, United Kingdom Phone: (+44)1235 523336 Fax: (+44)1235 523576 E-‐mail: principal@mctimoney-‐college.ac.uk Website: www.mctimoney-‐college.ac.uk Candidate Status since: May 2010 Barcelona College of Chiropractic Adrian Wenban, B.Sc., B.App.Sc., M.Med.Sc., MACC Director Barcelona College of Chiropractic C/ Mallorca, 364, 2º1ª 08013 Barcelona Spain Phone: (+34) 93 476 53 10 E-‐mail: [email protected] Website: www.bcchiropractic.es Candidate Status since: November 2010
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The following is a letter from ENQA Timothy Raven President The European Council on Chiropractic Education (ECCE) Bonn, 27 October 2010 Subject: ECCE Full Membership in ENQA Dear Timothy Raven, I am pleased to let you know that, at its meeting of 22 September 2010, the Board of ENQA agreed to grant ECCE Full membership of ENQA for five years from 22 September 2010. On the basis of its scrutiny of the final review report on ECCE, the ENQA Board and its Review Committee agreed that ECCE met the necessary requirements for being granted ENQA Membership. In doing so, it considered that it would be advisable to take into consideration the panel’s recommendations, and especially those included in the Annex to this letter. The Board indicated that it would wish to give special attention to these points at the next re-‐confirmation of membership. In addition, the ENQA Board requests your Agency to submit, within two years of this decision, a progress report on the actions ECCE has undertaken to meet the above recommendations. If you have any further queries, please do not hesitate to contact me or the ENQA Secretariat. Please accept my congratulations to ECCE for being granted Full Membership in ENQA. With kind regards,
Achim Hopbach ENQA President
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Annex: Areas for development The Board suggests that ECCE should pay careful attention to the following panel and Board’s recommendations: ENQA Criterion 3 – Resources (ESG 3.4) The panel recommends that ECCE should “develop and put in place (in collaboration with funders) a more sustainable administrative staffing structure over the next two years”. The Panel thought this important in order to meet anticipated demand and to expand some current levels of activity (paragraph 49). ENQA Criterion 5 – Independence (ESG 3.6) ECCE operates within a small community and depends on a limited number of active participants, which makes the issue of independence difficult. Therefore, the Board recommends ECCE not to underestimate “the potentially increased risks to independence posed by the operation of ECCE within such a relatively small community” as stated by the panel. ENQA Criterion 6 – External quality assurance criteria and processes used by the members (ESG 3.7) The panel considers that there is still room for improvement concerning the student participation and the definition of procedures with regard to the Appeal Committee. Student involvement is considered as a major issue for the Board. Therefore, ECCE is recommended to implement mechanisms fostering student participation. ENQA Criterion 7 – Accountability procedures (ESG 3.8) ECCE is encouraged do an effort in increasing its resources in order to further enhance its processes for forward planning and monitoring its own performance at corporate level.
