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Chest x ray how to solve it Dr/ Allam Elsayed Allam Assistant lecturer Radiology department Faculty of medicine Ain shams university

Chest x ray basic knowlege

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Page 1: Chest x ray basic knowlege

Chest x ray how to solve

it

Chest x ray how to solve

it

Dr/ Allam Elsayed Allam

Assistant lecturer Radiology departmentFaculty of medicine

Ain shams university

Dr/ Allam Elsayed Allam

Assistant lecturer Radiology departmentFaculty of medicine

Ain shams university

Page 2: Chest x ray basic knowlege

Aim of presentation 1. to know the main anatomical structures.

2. main different views, when you call ,when you call.

3. adequate or not adequate film

4. Main and the commonest pathology

Page 3: Chest x ray basic knowlege

introduction• What are x-rays?

• X-rays: a form of electromagnetic energy• Travel at the speed of light• Electromagnetic spectrum

– Gamma Rays– X-rays– Visible light– Infrared light– Microwaves– Radio waves

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Three things can happen• X-rays can:

– Pass all the way through the body– Be deflected or scattered– Be absorbed

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X-rays Passing Through Tissue

• Depends on the energy of the x-ray and the atomic number of the tissue

• Higher energy x-ray - more likely to pass through• Higher atomic number - more likely to absorb the

x-raySo• X-rays that pass through the body to the film

render the film dark (black)• X-rays that are totally blocked do not reach the

film and render the film light (white)• Air = low atomic # = x-rays get through = image

is dark• Metal = high atomic # = x-rays blocked = image

is light (white)

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5 Basic Radiographic Densities

• Air• Fat• Soft tissue/fluid• Mineral• Metal

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Main anatomical points

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Standard technquine

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Standard technquine

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Other technquine

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P-A vs. A-P view

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Technically Adequate Chest X-ray

1. Penetration 2. Inspiration3. Rotation4. angulation

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Penetration

Adequate: should see the thoracic spine through the heart

If under-penetration: left hemi-diaphragm / lung base is not visible and increased pulmonary vascular marking

If over-penetration: the verse

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Inspiration

adequate: Should 10 posterior ribs is visible if poor inspiration:

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Common pathology

cardiomegally pleural effusion. PneumothoraxPulmonary disease.

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Cardiomegally

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Causes of false cardiomegally

A-P film. pregnancy. Ascitis.Pecuts excavatum

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Pleural effusion

the Commenst 2 forms:

1. Blunted costo-phrenic angle.

2. Meniscus sign .

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Pneumothorax

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Pulmonary disease(airspace vs interstitial )

airspace disease: Soft tissue opacity Indistinct borders Respect segmental or lobar boundary May shows air-bronchogram

Interstitial disease: Inhomogeneous Linear( reticular) / dots( nodular) opacities or mixed of

both ( reticulo-nodular) Not respect lobar boundaries No air-bronchogram

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Common causes of airspace disease

pneumonia : ----inflammatory exudates.Pulmonary edema : --- transudatePulmonary hemorrhage: blood

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Interstitial disease

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Common causes

Pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Cystic fibrosis Metastatic Lung carcinoma Tubercoloma Hamartoma

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QUIZZES

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Technical error

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Technical error

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diagnosis

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diagnosis

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diagnosis

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diagnosis

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