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Aphasia Aphasia By: By: Jordan McNeely Jordan McNeely

Aphasia Presentation

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Page 1: Aphasia Presentation

AphasiaAphasiaBy:By:

Jordan McNeelyJordan McNeely

Page 2: Aphasia Presentation

Aphasia is defined as an acquired impairment in the use of language due to damage to

certain parts of the brain

This damage could be caused by injury, stroke, or seizures

The language deficits include difficulties in language comprehension and execution

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Major Divisions of Aphasias Major Divisions of Aphasias

All aphasias can be classified into two groups

• Fluent aphasias – The inability to understand the language of

others and the production of less meaningful speech then normal

• Non-fluent aphasias – Difficulty producing fluent, articulated, or self-

initiated speech

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Types of Fluent AphasiasTypes of Fluent Aphasias

• Wernicke’s aphasia– People with this type of aphasia have difficulty or inability

understanding others speech, and produce meaningless speech

– They generally do not realize their speech is meaningless and are surprised when others cannot understand them

– They may demonstrate paragrammatical speech, which means they use inappropriate morphemes. For instance a person my say to you instead of for you or substitute the word pork for fork

– This type of aphasia is produced by damage to Wernicke’s area of the brain

Video of subject with Wernicke’s aphasia

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More Types of Fluent Aphasia More Types of Fluent Aphasia

• Conduction aphasia – The main symptom of this type of aphasia is

difficulty repeating something someone has just said

– People with this condition have relatively good language comprehension and their conversational speech is only mildly impaired

– This type of aphasia is produced by damage to the left temporoparietal region

– It has been suggested that this type of aphasia could come about because of deficits in short term memory or phoneme selection

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More Types of Fluent AphasiaMore Types of Fluent Aphasia

• Anomic aphasia– This aphasia is characterized by difficulty finding

names and difficulty substituting indefinite nouns and pronouns with substantive words. For instance, people with this affliction will use words like, thing, stuff, or it instead of automobiles, groceries, or furniture.

– There are very few cases of pure anomic aphasia and it is therefore difficult to find the area of the brain responsible

– Some have suggested that it is a mild form of Wernicke’s aphasia

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More Types of Fluent AphasiaMore Types of Fluent Aphasia

• Transcortical sensory aphasia– Symptoms of this type of aphasia are fluent

speech with some anomia, poor language comprehension, and echolalia.

– Echolalia is the tendency to repeat something someone has just said. For instance, if a person with this type of aphasia was asked, “What is your name?” they are predisposed to repeat the question over and over instead of answering it.

– This aphasia may be caused by damage surrounding and including Wernicke’s area

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Non-Fluent Aphasias Non-Fluent Aphasias

• Broca’s aphasia

– This type of aphasia manifests with difficulties initiating well-articulated conversational speech

– The language that is produced is slow, labored, and agrammatical, which means words like a, an, or the and verb tense is left out of their speech

– This aphasia is produced by damage to Broca’s area of the brain

Video of subject with Broca’s aphasia

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More Types of Non-Fluent More Types of Non-Fluent Aphasia’sAphasia’s

• Transcortical motor aphasia– People with this aphasia do not speak unless

they are strongly encouraged to do so and when they do speak it is labored and non-fluent

– Interestingly enough when these people are verbally presented with long complicated sentences they are able to repeat them fluently

– This aphasia is produced by damage to the premotor cortex anterior and superior to Broca’s area

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More Types of Non-Fluent More Types of Non-Fluent Aphasia’sAphasia’s

• Global aphasia – As the name suggests, this type of aphasia is

characterized by a severe depression of all language functioning

– The people with this affliction have poor language comprehension and speak in slow, labored jargon

– This aphasia is caused by damage around and to Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas of the brain

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Other Interesting Facts About Other Interesting Facts About AphasiaAphasia

The handwriting of a person with an aphasia reflects their speech impediment.

There was an experiment done where people with Broca’s and Wernicke’s

aphasias were presented with a picture and then asked to write down a description

of what they say in the picture.

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This is the pictureThis is the picture

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A patient with Broca’s aphasia A patient with Broca’s aphasia wrote thiswrote this

Notice the use of very few words, but the words do make some sense

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A patient with Wernicke’s aphasia A patient with Wernicke’s aphasia wrote thiswrote this

Notice here that there are many, less forced, words, but they don’t make much sense. Also

because they’re not struggling to find their words, the handwriting is better.

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References References

Klein, Steve, and B.Michael Thorne. Biological Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers Inc.,U.S., 2007.